In 2002, the Latin American Corporation for Development (LCD) - the then-recognised chapter of Transparency International - signed a Cooperation Agreement to serve as civil society monitor to oversee the Integrity Pact applied between two state telecommunications bodies and bidders for the auction of bands and sub-bands of telecommunications channel.

As a precursor to an Integrity Pact, the Ecuadorian government required all bidders for a major refinery rehabilitation project sign a "corporate commitment" as a pledge to refrain from bribery in the tender process.

Additional information

• Language: Spanish
• Start year: 1993
• End year: 1993
• Tender value: USD 160 million

Ecuador had at least two early experiences applying an Integrity Pact and a similar IP-like “corporate commitment” in 1993 and again in 2002.

Transparency International's UK and Colombian chapters collaborated with the Colombian Ministry of Defence in 2004 to introduce a Defence Integrity Pact to oversee the acquisition of critical drug interdiction aircraft. The civil society monitors provided two technical experts with military and defence acquisition backgrounds to support the Ministry and bidders clarify the technical specifications of the tender.

Transparencia por Colombia (TpC)– Transparency International’s chapter in that country – was the leading TI chapter to pilot the use of Integrity Pacts at a large scale. After conducting a comprehensive review of corruption risks in public procurement, TpC launched a strategy in May 1999 to promote the use of Integrity Pacts to oversee tenders and contracting. By 2008, TpC had served as the civil society monitor for 62 Integrity Pacts applied to 85 tenders with a total value of USD 3.200 million.

In 2003, the Argentine Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology adopted an Integrity Pact for a largescale textbook procurement process that was receiving significant financing from the Inter-American Development Bank. The IP was signed between all interested bidders, and Poder Ciudadano - TI's chapter in Argentina - served as civil society monitor for the IP. The IP was accompanied by public hearings on the selection criteria and bidding documents, as well as a focus on avoiding conflicts of interest.

Poder Ciudadano - TI's chapter in Argentina - served as the civil society monitor to oversee the bid for garbage collection services in the City of Morón, Argentina.

Additional information

• Procurement authority: Morón Municipality
• Monitor: Poder Ciudadano (Transparency International Argentina)
• Language: Spanish
• Start year: 2000
• End year: 2000
• Tender value: Approx USD 32 million

Poder Ciudadano - TI's chapter in Argentina - attempted to insert a limited Integrity Pact to be signed by pre-qualified bidders and the City of Buenos Aires involved in a tender to build a new subway line. Poder Ciudadano facilitated public hearings on the tender to increase transparency in the pre-tender phase. Ultimately the IP was not used in the tender given the inopportune timing of its application.

Mendoza Province was the first entity in Argentina to promote the use of Integrity Pacts for regional public procurement in 1997.

Additional information

• Procurement authority: Mendoza Province
• Monitor: Poder Ciudadano (Transparency International Argentina)
• Language: Spanish
• Start year: 1997
• End year: 1997

Poder Cidudadano – TI’s chapter in Argentina – was one of the first TI chapters to promote the use of Integrity Pacts to oversee public procurement in Latin America in the late 1990s. Various contracting agencies – at the national, regional, and city levels – piloted IPs from around 1997 – 2003.