TI-Nepal served as civil society monitor for an Integrity Pact established with the Bhaktapur municipality from 1999 to 2002. In 2015, TI-Nepal published a report on ongoing corruption in Nepal’s public procurement. It has recommended the use of IPs as an important tool for promoting oversight of public procurement and breaking the cycle of corruption in this sector.

Additional information

• Procurement authority: KSSB: Selangor State Sand Minigng Company
• Monitor: Transparency International Malaysia
• Start year: 2010

The Malaysian Port Klang Authority was the first government agency to adopt an Integrity Pact for its procurement in Malaysia.

Additional information

• Procurement authority: Port Klang Authority
• Monitor: Transparency International Malaysia
• Start year: 2010

The Government of Malaysia introduced a guideline for Integrity Pact implementation in public procurements in 2010. This has been promoted by the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission since then. The latest National Anti-Corruption Plan (2019 – 2023) continues to endorse the use of Integrity Pacts to meet the objective of strengthening the Malaysian Public Procurement Framework.

TI-Indonesia and the Solok District in West Sumatra signed an Integrity Pact in 2003 to establish integrity and anti-corruption commitments for all public procurement in the District. TI-Indonesia served as civil society monitor for the IP. A study it conducted one year after the implementation of the Solok District IP demonstrated the effectiveness of the IP in reducing bribery in public procurement during the year.

TI-Indonesia first promoted the use of Integrity Pacts to promote integrity and fight corruption in public procurement in 2002. The first IP was implemented by the Solok Regency in West Sumatra. TI-Indonesia analysed this experience and noted several elements positive impact of the IP in public procurement in this region.

In 2015, India's Central Vigilance Commission adopted an order mandating public sector bans, insurance companies and financial institutions to adopt Integrity Pacts to oversee public procurement and to appoint Independent External Monitors (IEMs) from 2016 onwards.

Additional information

• Procurement authority: Reserve Bank of India
• Monitor: Independent External Monitor (IEM) Appointed
• Language: English
• Start year: 2015
• End year: Ongoing

India's Ministry of Defence amended its Defence Procurement Procedures in 2006 to mandate the use of Integrity Pacts and appointment of Independent External Monitors (IEM) to oversee defence-related procurement in India for capital procurement schemes above USD 15 million. The Ministry of Defence confirmed the mandatory use of IPs for defence procurement in 2008. The use of IPs in defence procurement has been credited with improving transparency and corruption-prevention in defence procurement in India, though some corruption concerns remain regarding procurement in this sector.

Integrity Pacts have been applied to oversee various levels of public procurement in India since 2006. In that year, the Indian Oil and Natural Gas Corporation implemented the first IP in India. In the same year, the Indian Ministry of Defence adopted the Defence Procurement Procedure made the use of an Integrity Pact mandatory for all defence procurement above USD 15 Million.

In 2007, India’s Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) adopted a circular recommending the use of IPs in all major procurement of Public Service Undertakings (PSUs).

The Basel Institute and Blomeyer & Sanz contacted the China chapter of Transparency International in 2015 for the purposes of the IP Learning Review. Through this process, the China TI chapter shared that Integrity Pacts had been used in public procurement in 2004.

The IPs were a mandatory part of tenders, but did not result in the appointment of any external monitor. The experience with IPs in China was already distant and it has been difficult to obtain further information on the use of IPs there at this time.