This report from the World Economic Forum focuses on the second phase of the Partnering Against Corruption Initiative (PACI) project to address the needs of the infrastructure and urban development industries.

The report provides a solutions-based framework, a deep-dive at the state level in India and a diagnostic tool that can be replicated and enhanced. In addition, the report includes proposals and policy recommendations on processes and strategies to enhance transparency in the project pilot state of Maharashtra, India.

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Bribery and corruption exist across all industries, but the engineering, construction and real estate sectors are particularly at risk, given the size, complexity and strategic importance of infrastructure-related initiatives in both advanced and emerging economies.

Although both the problem of corruption and its detrimental effects on society, economy, and environment has widely been recognized, corruption remains one of the most challenging problems of today. In light of globalization, the exclusive focus on compliance-oriented measures such as sharpening laws seems to be more and more ineffective.