Nigeria is one of the most challenging countries to do business in as requests for cash and in-kind payments are very common. Many government agencies frequently make corrupt demands during port calls related to alleged irregularities of documentation (e.g. yellow fever certificates, crew contracts) or operations (e.g. ballast water discharge documentation, onboard practice in general).

When practices are challenged, threats of heavy delays are common. One of the main challenges faced by shipping companies is the officials’ wide individual discretionary powers. This leads to unpredictable interpretation of laws, making it difficult to prepare for port calls and governmental actions.