[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1646},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tag-973":3,"tag-events-973-1":6,"tag-news-973-1":9,"tag-publications-973-1":579,"tag-stories-973-1":1380},{"id":4,"name":5},973,"Corruption",{"items":7,"total":8},[],0,{"items":10,"total":578},[11,177,272,368,517],{"id":12,"status":13,"date_created":14,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"date":19,"topic":20,"slug":23,"activity":24,"nid":27,"topics":28,"activities":30,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":32,"language":31,"image":34,"translation_of":31,"countries":45,"tags":93,"authors":156,"images":174,"translations":175,"content":176},10509,"published","2024-11-27T11:01:43.000Z","2026-05-07T21:29:56.000Z","Money dirtying: shining a light on how clean money turns into bribes","News","There’s a lot of attention to the laundering of “dirty money” – but very little about how clean money can be turned into bribes, kickbacks or payments to terrorists.\n\nTogether with David Jancsics, I examined the money-dirtying strategies at the heart of one of the world’s most dramatic corruption scandals: the _Lava Jato_ or Car Wash case. How did the multinational company Odebrecht manage to secretly channel millions in legitimately earned funds to bribe politicians and bureaucrats across the continent? Our article [_Turning Legally Obtained Resources into Illegal Payments: A Money Dirtying Scheme_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fturning-legally-obtained-resources-illegal-payments-money-dirtying-scheme) attempts to answer this question and to explore the networks of individuals and entities that made the schemes possible.\n\nExploring the concept and practice of money dirtying could help practitioners get a more holistic view of major financial crime cases. It could also potentially lead to new ways to prevent, detect and intercept illicit financial flows.\n\n### What is “money dirtying”?\n\nWe use the term “money dirtying” to refer to the process by which clean, legitimate resources are turned into illicit payments used for corruption, the financing of terrorism and other illegal activities.\n\nThe term was originally coined to describe the mechanisms of terrorism financing in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Following the terrorist attacks of 9\u002F11, researchers worked to understand the financial structures that allowed Al-Qaeda to finance the attacks. We have repurposed the term to fit the field of corruption, but the underlying idea is the same.\n\n### What are the typical characteristics?\n\nOn the face of it, money dirtying has similar characteristics to money laundering:\n\n*   Complex, multi-layered schemes using redundant payments and fake contracts to make funds difficult to trace.\n*   The use of specialised professionals who can create sophisticated financial infrastructures and know all the tricks to evade detection.\n*   The use of informal actors such as _halawadars_ or _doleiros_ to escape regulatory radars.\n*   Often transnational, with money, resources and information shared along a cross-border network of individuals and entities.\n\n### What makes it different to money laundering?\n\nThe key differences lie in the purpose and the direction of the flow.\n\n*   Money laundering seeks to clean dirty money by reintegrating it into the legal financial system. It is a circular system, where the funds return to their point of origin.\n*   Money dirtying serves to transfer money undetected from the bribe giver to the bribe taker. It is linear.\n\nFor example, in our case study, the money took the following route:\n\n[](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2024-11\u002FUntitled.jpg)\n\nIn reality, it looked more like this:\n\n[](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2024-11\u002FUntitled%20design.png)\n\n### The Lava Jato case\n\nThe _Lava Jato_ case (Operation Car Wash) was a major judicial investigation launched in Brazil in 2009. Initially focused on money laundering and illegal activities linked to a car wash company, it quickly expanded into one of the largest corruption investigations in history. By the early 2010s, investigations and plea deals had exposed the intricate financial structures and corrupt management systems of the Odebrecht Group at the heart of a web of illicit payments in countries across the region.\n\nUnlike other cases, there is significant public information available about Lava Jato thanks to judicial investigations, journalistic work, academic studies and other reports. This allowed us to map and analyse the “money dirtying” network in detail.\n\nThe case is also an ideal case study in advanced corruption schemes. It was large, long-running and used complex, multi-layered networks that spread across the world. \n\n### Skeleton and muscles\n\nTo map the complex networks of the Odebrecht Group’s money dirtying networks we looked at the data in two ways:\n\n*   We analysed the transactions, performing a [social network analysis](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-4-social-network-analysis-combating-organised-crime-and-trafficking) and looking at the “skeleton” of the network – how it was shaped, where transactions centred and how they moved.\n*   At the same time, we tried to understand the _substance_ of the network. If you like, the muscles surrounding the skeleton. We read interviews and wiretaps, and looked at personal histories to understand the relationships between people in the network and how they operated together.\n\nWe then created a coherent framework of both the “skeleton” and “muscles”. This includes a description of each role and its function within the network.\n\n[](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2024-11\u002Fnew%20version.png)\n\n### So what?\n\nPaying more attention to how legitimate funds are channelled towards illegal activities can help anti-corruption practitioners to gain a more holistic view of major corruption schemes.\n\nWith the increase in internal controls and regulatory scrutiny, those that engage in corruption are forced to use more sophisticated methods than just declaring bribes as “consultancy fees”, for example. A better understanding of these methods could help inform stronger internal controls and compliance systems.\n\nThis focus also helps practitioners to see how some of the same methods – legal structures in offshore financial centres, shell companies, professional enablers, informal value transfer service providers for example – can be misused not only for money laundering but for other parts of a corruption scheme.\n\nThe research also showcases the power of social network analysis in mapping the key individuals and entities involved in transforming clean money into illicit payments. Combined with evidence of their relations and interactions, this can create a valuable source of information for both law enforcement and the development of evidence-based strategies for targeting corrupt networks.\n\n### Learn more\n\n[Organisational forms of corruption networks: the Odebrecht-Toledo case](http:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Forganisational-forms-corruption-networks-odebrecht-toledo-case)\n\n[Quick Guide 4: Social network analysis in combating organised crime and trafficking](http:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-4-social-network-analysis-combating-organised-crime-and-trafficking)\n\n[Research Case Study 3: Exposing the networks behind transnational corruption and money laundering schemes](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-3)","2024-11-25",[21,22],"Prevention"," Research and Innovation","money-dirtying-shining-a-light-on-how-clean-money-turns-into-bribes-2723",[25,26],"Research","Insights",2723,[29],"Prevention Research and Innovation",[25,26],null,[33],"Main page",{"id":35,"storage":36,"filename_disk":37,"filename_download":38,"title":16,"type":39,"created_on":40,"modified_on":40,"charset":31,"filesize":41,"width":42,"height":43,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":44,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":40},"04afeb59-9775-4b6c-b487-de86baa29a94","local","04afeb59-9775-4b6c-b487-de86baa29a94.webp","tmp.webp","image\u002Fwebp","2025-05-12T21:10:07.000Z",43618,1400,878,{},[46,74],{"id":47,"news_id":48,"countries_id":68},7080,{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":51,"slug":23,"activity":52,"nid":27,"topics":53,"activities":54,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":55,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":56,"tags":58,"authors":63,"images":65,"translations":66,"content":67},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],7081,[59,60,61,62],4862,5685,5686,5687,[64],1099,[],[],[],{"id":69,"name":70,"code":71,"latitude":72,"longitude":73},29,"Brazil","BR",-14.235,-51.92528,{"id":57,"news_id":75,"countries_id":87},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":76,"slug":23,"activity":77,"nid":27,"topics":78,"activities":79,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":80,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":81,"tags":82,"authors":83,"images":84,"translations":85,"content":86},[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],[59,60,61,62],[64],[],[],[],{"id":88,"name":89,"code":90,"latitude":91,"longitude":92},171,"Peru","PE",-9.18997,-75.01515,[94,110,126,142],{"id":59,"news_id":95,"tags_id":107},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":96,"slug":23,"activity":97,"nid":27,"topics":98,"activities":99,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":100,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":101,"tags":102,"authors":103,"images":104,"translations":105,"content":106},[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],[59,60,61,62],[64],[],[],[],{"id":108,"name":109},879,"Money laundering",{"id":60,"news_id":111,"tags_id":123},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":112,"slug":23,"activity":113,"nid":27,"topics":114,"activities":115,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":116,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":117,"tags":118,"authors":119,"images":120,"translations":121,"content":122},[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],[59,60,61,62],[64],[],[],[],{"id":124,"name":125},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"id":61,"news_id":127,"tags_id":139},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":128,"slug":23,"activity":129,"nid":27,"topics":130,"activities":131,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":132,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":133,"tags":134,"authors":135,"images":136,"translations":137,"content":138},[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],[59,60,61,62],[64],[],[],[],{"id":140,"name":141},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"id":62,"news_id":143,"tags_id":155},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":144,"slug":23,"activity":145,"nid":27,"topics":146,"activities":147,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":148,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":149,"tags":150,"authors":151,"images":152,"translations":153,"content":154},[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],[59,60,61,62],[64],[],[],[],{"id":4,"name":5},[157],{"id":64,"news_id":158,"authors_id":170},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":14,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":35,"date":19,"topic":159,"slug":23,"activity":160,"nid":27,"topics":161,"activities":162,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":163,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":164,"tags":165,"authors":166,"images":167,"translations":168,"content":169},[21,22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[47,57],[59,60,61,62],[64],[],[],[],{"id":171,"name":172,"position":31,"image":173},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa","90469998-3598-471d-9499-48b19f557c7d",[],[],[],{"id":178,"status":13,"date_created":179,"date_updated":180,"title":181,"type":182,"body":183,"date":184,"topic":185,"slug":186,"activity":187,"nid":188,"topics":189,"activities":190,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":191,"language":31,"image":192,"translation_of":31,"countries":199,"tags":200,"authors":235,"images":269,"translations":270,"content":271},10418,"2024-02-13T17:01:30.000Z","2026-05-07T21:29:55.000Z","How (strategic) corruption fuels insecurity by affecting power","Blog","How do corruption and security intersect? What is _strategic_ corruption and what can we do about it?\n\nThese were two fundamental questions tackled at the Countering Strategic Corruption workshop at the [2024 Basel Peace Forum](https:\u002F\u002Fbasel-peace.org\u002Fbpf-2024\u002F). Claudia Baez Camargo, Head of Prevention, Research and Innovation at the Basel Institute on Governance, spoke at the event. Together with her colleague Saba Kassa, the team’s Deputy Head, she highlights two key ideas:\n\n*   Using the lens of power helps us to better understand how corruption impacts security_._ Corruption changes power dynamics, which in turn affect security.\n*   We need to see how corruption is a highly functional tool for those seeking not just private benefits but – in the case of strategic corruption – geopolitical goals.\n\n### Power: at the heart of corruption and security issues\n\nCorruption fuels insecurity in many ways, directly and indirectly. But the big picture is that corruption affects the exercise of power by undermining it, or by strengthening it in a particular person or group’s favour.\n\nChanges in power in turn affect all forms of human security, including a country’s ability to defend itself against internal or external threats.\n\nIt is useful to think of three different types of corruption:\n\nCorruption State power Implications Insecurity Endemic corruption Weakens ability to serve citizens.\n\nErodes trust. \n\nIncreases inequalities and poverty.\n\nFuels insecurity.\n\nErodes performance of security institutions.\n\nState capture\n\nRepressive capacities are instrumentalised. State institutions serve elites. \n\nConsolidates power in hands of political elites.\n\nImpunity is the norm.\n\nEnables discretionary and abusive control of security apparatus.\n\nFuels radicalisation of oppressed groups. \n\nStrategic corruption State powers abused and weaponised to achieve a geopolitical goal.\n\nFunds conflict, weapons.\n\nInfluences or destabilises other countries.\n\nContributes to polarisation.\n\nEmboldens populists, authoritarian or violent groups.\n\n### Endemic corruption: weakening institutions and trust\n\nWidespread and systemic corruption affects the ability of the state to serve citizens. Consider the theft of public funds earmarked for hospitals or medicines, which affects citizens' access to good health care. Consequences include higher inequality and poverty, as well as an erosion of trust in government and public institutions. This is where security risks come in. [Popular protests may spur violence](https:\u002F\u002Fcarnegieendowment.org\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F12\u002Ffighting-hydra-lessons-from-worldwide-protests-against-corruption-pub-76036) and conflict as tensions rise.\n\nIn conflict-afflicted and fragile contexts, theft of humanitarian aid or resources dedicated to strengthening legitimate state actors and institutions can undermine the prospects for sustainable peace.\n\nA related problem is the systematic erosion of defence and security institutions. Corrupt procurement deals and embezzlement leave institutions with underpaid and underequipped staff while draining national budgets.\n\nThis makes it very challenging to respond to domestic and external threats, and organised crime and terrorism can get a stronger foot in the door. For example, research in [Nigeria](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1080\u002F09592318.2020.1672968) has shown that corruption in the military affects the ability to respond effectively to the militant group Boko Haram. In other words, corruption undermines the most basic responsibility of states: protecting citizens from violence and conflict.\n\n### State capture: centralising power\n\nState capture is a systemic form of corruption in which political elites, often together with economic elites, control state institutions for their narrow purposes. It is more than about siphoning off state resources with impunity. It can be about getting laws, such as procurement rules, just right for those political elites and their associates to win lucrative contracts or control valuable natural resource sectors.\n\nThe unchecked ability to shape laws and direct state intuitions puts a lot of power in the hands of a few people. For example, they can instrumentalise enforcement institutions such as the police or courts to neutralise opponents and ensure impunity for their circle. All this strengthens their power base. And it shows again that corruption can be a highly functional tool.\n\nThe citizens of a country suffering from state capture understand that power is exercised discretionarily and that the rules apply to some and not to others. Fear and powerlessness often close the door to challenging the situation through democratic means.\n\n### Strategic corruption: a powerful geopolitical tool\n\nStrategic corruption goes beyond the kind of narrow personal benefits implied in the common definition of corruption as “the abuse of entrusted power for private gain”. Here, corruption is weaponised to help change power dynamics on the geopolitical stage.\n\nIn this cross-border and global context, states can use corrupt means and divert public resources to fund their geopolitical objectives. For an in-depth case study of strategic corruption, see the _[Kremlin Playbook](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.csis.org\u002Fprograms\u002Feurope-russia-and-eurasia-program\u002Fprojects\u002Frussia-and-eurasia\u002Fkremlin-playbook)_ series.\n\nLooking at examples of strategic corruption again highlights the _functionality_ of corruption. It’s used not only to gain money and control of resources but because it gives people the power to achieve their goals.\n\nThat functionality goes both ways. Even in democratic contexts, politicians can use [accusations of corruption](https:\u002F\u002Fedition.cnn.com\u002F2023\u002F08\u002F09\u002Fpolitics\u002Fhouse-oversight-republicans-hunter-biden\u002Findex.html) to erode trust in opponents or public institutions and weaken their legitimacy. On the other hand, politicians with a strong anti-corruption platform can see success in the polls, as [Guatemala](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wsj.com\u002Fworld\u002Famericas\u002Fleftist-sociologist-to-take-office-as-guatemalas-new-president-1a378380) and Bulgaria have recently demonstrated.\n\n### What we can learn from corruption’s power and functionality\n\nThe main takeaway? Looking at power and functionality helps us better understand how corruption affects security and at why strategic corruption is increasingly becoming a concern.\n\nThe main lesson? That we need to fight (strategic) corruption by disrupting its functionality, i.e. making it less of an effective strategy for obtaining power and achieving other illicit goals. And to do that, we need to ensure that anti-corruption efforts are strategic, coordinated and effective.","2024-02-13",[21,22],"how-strategic-corruption-fuels-insecurity-by-affecting-power-2582",[26],2582,[29],[26],[33],{"id":193,"storage":36,"filename_disk":194,"filename_download":38,"title":181,"type":39,"created_on":195,"modified_on":195,"charset":31,"filesize":196,"width":42,"height":197,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":198,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":195},"a57ab670-9908-41dd-81ed-6a68124ff94b","a57ab670-9908-41dd-81ed-6a68124ff94b.webp","2025-05-12T21:11:08.000Z",79248,933,{},[],[201,221],{"id":202,"news_id":203,"tags_id":218},5701,{"id":178,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":179,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":180,"title":181,"type":182,"body":183,"image":193,"date":184,"topic":204,"slug":186,"activity":205,"nid":188,"topics":206,"activities":207,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":208,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":209,"tags":210,"authors":212,"images":215,"translations":216,"content":217},[21,22],[26],[29],[26],[33],[],[202,211],5702,[213,214],1120,1121,[],[],[],{"id":219,"name":220},1376,"Defence and security",{"id":211,"news_id":222,"tags_id":234},{"id":178,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":179,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":180,"title":181,"type":182,"body":183,"image":193,"date":184,"topic":223,"slug":186,"activity":224,"nid":188,"topics":225,"activities":226,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":227,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":228,"tags":229,"authors":230,"images":231,"translations":232,"content":233},[21,22],[26],[29],[26],[33],[],[202,211],[213,214],[],[],[],{"id":4,"name":5},[236,253],{"id":213,"news_id":237,"authors_id":249},{"id":178,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":179,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":180,"title":181,"type":182,"body":183,"image":193,"date":184,"topic":238,"slug":186,"activity":239,"nid":188,"topics":240,"activities":241,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":242,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":243,"tags":244,"authors":245,"images":246,"translations":247,"content":248},[21,22],[26],[29],[26],[33],[],[202,211],[213,214],[],[],[],{"id":250,"name":251,"position":31,"image":252},554,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo","708c19be-70e9-46d4-b42d-fe7bbc667225",{"id":214,"news_id":254,"authors_id":266},{"id":178,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":179,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":180,"title":181,"type":182,"body":183,"image":193,"date":184,"topic":255,"slug":186,"activity":256,"nid":188,"topics":257,"activities":258,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":259,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":260,"tags":261,"authors":262,"images":263,"translations":264,"content":265},[21,22],[26],[29],[26],[33],[],[202,211],[213,214],[],[],[],{"id":267,"name":268,"position":31,"image":31},559,"Dr Saba Kassa",[],[],[],{"id":273,"status":13,"date_created":274,"date_updated":275,"title":276,"type":17,"body":277,"date":278,"topic":279,"slug":281,"activity":282,"nid":284,"topics":285,"activities":287,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":288,"language":31,"image":289,"translation_of":31,"countries":296,"tags":297,"authors":364,"images":365,"translations":366,"content":367},9516,"2022-05-26T22:51:51.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:39.000Z","Enriquecimiento ilícito – open-access book on illicit enrichment laws now available in Spanish","[_Versión en español aquí._](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fenriquecimiento-ilicito-libro-de-acceso-abierto-dedicado-las-leyes-sobre-enriquecimiento)\n\nWe are delighted to announce that our open-access book, [_Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fillicit-enrichment-guide-laws-targeting-unexplained-wealth) by Andrew Dornbierer is now available in [Spanish](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fenriquecimiento-ilicito-una-guia-sobre-las-leyes-que-abordan-los-activos-de).\n\nThe book explores the rapid growth of illicit enrichment (unexplained wealth) legislation around the world and its use to target corruption and recover illicitly obtained assets.\n\nLike the original English version, it is a peer-reviewed publication that is freely available to read, download and share at [illicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org](https:\u002F\u002Fillicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org\u002F).\n\n### Targeting unexplained wealth in the Spanish-speaking world\n\nMany Spanish-speaking countries have drafted and introduced illicit enrichment legislation to target corruption. These laws are particularly prevalent in South and Central America, where [25 countries](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fmod\u002Fdata\u002Fview.php?id=2033) have already enacted some form of this type of law.\n\nWhile some countries have had success using these laws – such as Argentina and Mexico – other countries seem hesitant to consistently enforce these laws. Most of these countries have never actually used their laws at all.\n\nThis is a common problem throughout the world. Why? One reason is that there isn’t a significant amount of commentary and guidance regarding how these laws can be drafted, investigated, prosecuted and adjudicated.\n\n_Enriquecimiento ilícito: una guía sobre las leyes que abordan los activos de procedencia inexplicable_ will provide much-needed guidance to Spanish-speaking law enforcement agencies throughout the Americas region. It will also provide some foundational knowledge to practitioners regarding the investigation, prosecution and adjudication of these laws.\n\n### The challenge of translating concepts, laws and practice\n\nThis book was translated from English into Spanish by [Pantoglot, Ltda](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pantoglot.com\u002Fen\u002F). The translation was reviewed by Sandra Comesaña of [Hengeler Mueller](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hengeler.com\u002Fen), a leading international corporate and white-collar law firm based in Germany. Commenting on the experience, she said:\n\n> Andrew Dornbierer's and the Basel Institutes's work on _Illicit Enrichment_ is an important contribution to the international effort of detecting, sanctioning and eventually preventing corruption and other financial crimes by \"going after the money\". The book's practical guidance on asset recovery in more than 100 jurisdictions is an invaluable tool for practitioners from both the private and public sectors and academics alike that is now finally available in Spanish, facilitating ready access for individuals and institutions specifically from the Spanish and Latin American markets.\n> \n> Hengeler Mueller is grateful for having had the opportunity to contribute to the Spanish version. Hengeler Mueller regularly advises international clients in various matters involving complex questions of multi-jurisdictional asset recovery both on its own and together especially with the members of its Best Friends network of Europe's leading independent law firms.\n\nThe pro-bono support for the translation review was facilitated by [The Academy of Financial Crime Litigators](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002F), an independent, non-partisan global centre that shapes and advances financial crime litigation practices for the future.\n\n### About the book\n\nPublished in English by the Basel Institute on Governance in June 2021, _Illicit Enrichment_ by Senior Asset Recovery Specialist Andrew Dornbierer features:\n\n*   Extensive analysis of jurisprudence and cases from around the world\n*   Tables, flow charts and graphics explaining key concepts\n*   Discussion of common questions and challenges\n*   Contributions from practitioners around the world, including a discussion of the introduction and evolution of Peru’s criminal illicit enrichment offence by Dr. Alcides Chinchay, a Senior Prosecutor of the Peruvian Public Prosecutor’s Office.\n*   [Annex 1](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcompilation-illicit-enrichment-legislation-and-other-relevant-legislation): A collection of laws from 103 jurisdictions, also as an online [database](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fmod\u002Fdata\u002Fview.php?id=2033) (in English)\n*   [Annex II](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fproving-illicit-enrichment-using-financial-investigation-and-source-and-application): A step-by-step guide to financial investigations and source and application analyses to support illicit enrichment cases (in English)\n\n_Illicit Enrichment_ was developed and published by the Basel Institute on Governance through its [International Centre for Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery), with research support from the NYU School of Law.\n\n### Where to find it\n\nYou can find the online version in both languages at: [illicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org](https:\u002F\u002Fillicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org\u002F). Re-use and re-sharing are encouraged under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F) licence.\n\nThe book is also available to [print at cost price from Amazon worldwide](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fenriquecimiento-ilicito-una-guia-sobre-las-leyes-que-abordan-los-activos-de).","2022-04-25",[280],"Asset Recovery","enriquecimiento-ilicito-open-access-book-on-illicit-enrichment-laws-now-available-in-spanish-2211",[25,283],"Media releases",2211,[286],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[25,283],[33],{"id":290,"storage":36,"filename_disk":291,"filename_download":38,"title":276,"type":39,"created_on":292,"modified_on":292,"charset":31,"filesize":293,"width":42,"height":294,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":295,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":292},"7a0e3134-f2db-4187-9a8a-501a6fa2fd16","7a0e3134-f2db-4187-9a8a-501a6fa2fd16.webp","2025-05-12T21:16:47.000Z",51080,932,{},[],[298,318,334,348],{"id":299,"news_id":300,"tags_id":315},4994,{"id":273,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":274,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":275,"title":276,"type":17,"body":277,"image":290,"date":278,"topic":301,"slug":281,"activity":302,"nid":284,"topics":303,"activities":304,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":305,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":306,"tags":307,"authors":311,"images":312,"translations":313,"content":314},[280],[25,283],[286],[25,283],[33],[],[299,308,309,310],5750,5751,5752,[],[],[],[],{"id":316,"name":317},821,"Unexplained wealth",{"id":308,"news_id":319,"tags_id":331},{"id":273,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":274,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":275,"title":276,"type":17,"body":277,"image":290,"date":278,"topic":320,"slug":281,"activity":321,"nid":284,"topics":322,"activities":323,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":324,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":325,"tags":326,"authors":327,"images":328,"translations":329,"content":330},[280],[25,283],[286],[25,283],[33],[],[299,308,309,310],[],[],[],[],{"id":332,"name":333},1215,"Illicit financial flows",{"id":309,"news_id":335,"tags_id":347},{"id":273,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":274,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":275,"title":276,"type":17,"body":277,"image":290,"date":278,"topic":336,"slug":281,"activity":337,"nid":284,"topics":338,"activities":339,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":340,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":341,"tags":342,"authors":343,"images":344,"translations":345,"content":346},[280],[25,283],[286],[25,283],[33],[],[299,308,309,310],[],[],[],[],{"id":4,"name":5},{"id":310,"news_id":349,"tags_id":361},{"id":273,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":274,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":275,"title":276,"type":17,"body":277,"image":290,"date":278,"topic":350,"slug":281,"activity":351,"nid":284,"topics":352,"activities":353,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":354,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":355,"tags":356,"authors":357,"images":358,"translations":359,"content":360},[280],[25,283],[286],[25,283],[33],[],[299,308,309,310],[],[],[],[],{"id":362,"name":363},1371,"Public governance",[],[],[],[],{"id":369,"status":13,"date_created":370,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"date":374,"topic":375,"slug":376,"activity":377,"nid":379,"topics":380,"activities":381,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":382,"language":31,"image":383,"translation_of":31,"countries":389,"tags":426,"authors":499,"images":514,"translations":515,"content":516},9581,"2022-05-26T22:52:48.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:44.000Z","New analysis of the Toledo-Odebrecht case illuminates the complex transnational networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes","What does the web of connections look like that underlies grand corruption and money laundering schemes and the abuse of offshore financial centres? Who are the people involved, how do they interact and what do they do?\n\nAnd what insights can we draw by looking at complex corruption and money laundering schemes from the perspective of social networks, rather than solely individuals?\n\nThese questions are at the heart of a new analysis of the so-called Lava Jato or Odebrecht scandal that has engulfed Latin America.\n\nIn [_Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes), we have applied a combination of social network analysis and network ethnography to a specific nexus within this complex of cases: former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and the network that enabled him to launder bribes obtained from the construction giant Odebrecht through offshore jurisdictions.\n\n### What do the results show?\n\nFirst, it shows how the illicit scheme worked, step by step, and the functions of the different individuals and clusters of individuals involved.\n\nThe scheme was highly sophisticated both technologically and financially, involving complex illicit exchanges across borders and within the murky space of offshore financial infrastuctures. The interaction between the “business” pillar (Odebrecht’s leadership and representatives) and the “political” pillar (senior public officials and other politically exposed persons) was smooth and efficient, facilitated by a web of service providers and revolving around companies, offshore corporate vehicles and bank accounts.\n\nIt was this “social-financial complex” of individuals and structures that enabled the beneficiaries to disconnect themselves from the corrupt acts and money laundering – not just the technical and legal loopholes that exist in offshore financial centres or even the weaknesses of international cooperation on crime and corruption.\n\nSecond, the research illuminates the social norms and informal governance practices that regulated the scheme.\n\nThe inner circles of the key players on both the business and the political sides acted as the first line of defence. This is common in corruption schemes and made possible by the level of proximity, trust and reciprocity between a business leader and their subordinates, or between a politically exposed person and their circle of relatives, colleagues and friends.\n\nThe second line of defence is the set of knowledge, skills and social capital that service providers and financial intermediaries bring to the table. Through their services, these actors design the complex financial infrastructure that allows the illicit proceeds of corruption to be laundered through multiple layers and tangled chains until it is nearly impossible to be traced.\n\nThese service providers and intermediaries, together with the financial infrastructure they design, form a multi-layered ecosystem that works efficiently thanks to a strong informal governance system.\n\n*   Strategic decisions on inputs, outputs and rules are _centralised_ among the core political and business actors.\n*   Operations are _decentralised_ and spread out among lower-level business managers or employees and among the political actors’ sprawling networks, who in turn employ service providers and financial intermediaries to carry out the work.\n\nThis mix between centralisation and decentralisation results in an efficient, effective and resilient way to govern such a large, cross-border, multi-layered and complex social-financial structure – and most importantly, to keep it hidden for so long.\n\n### Shifting the focus from individuals to networks\n\nThe research results add a further illustration to the growing recognition that corruption is a form of collective, social behaviour that slips easily across borders and involves highly sophisticated financial strategies and transactions.\n\nThe clear implication is that narrow approaches to corruption, from a national perspective and focused on individuals and their self-interested behaviours, provide an incomplete picture at best.\n\nShifting the focus from individuals to networks through techniques such as social network analysis and network ethnography can offer valuable insights to inform anti-corruption policies, law enforcement strategies and the academic theories that underpin these.\n\n*   For law enforcement, this analysis illustrates how SNA and network ethnography techniques can be applied to identify key individuals and clusters, the spaces in which they operate and the criminal strategies they employ. This approach has the potential to make major investigations and prosecutions more efficient, more targeted and more likely to succeed, as it opens up new pathways and tools to break into the case and gain the information hidden within the network.\n*   For policy, the research provides further insight into some of the legislative weaknesses that allow offshore financial centres to be abused, as well as the consequence of these weaknesses for global efforts to combat corruption and other crime. Shining a light on the illicit nexus that exists between corruption and money laundering may help policymakers to close those gaps.\n*   For the academic debate, the research adds fresh empirical evidence to the study of the relation between grand corruption and money laundering. It explores key analytical and theoretical concepts that are as yet under-explored in this field, and provides a starting point for future research to illuminate these.\n\n### Widening perspectives\n\nAll of us who wish to find more effective ways to combat corruption and money laundering should be open to new ways to analyse corruption schemes, understand their workings and to follow the money as it flows around the world. The value of the “network” perspective is something that our wider Public Governance research demonstrates time and again in very different contexts.\n\nLearn more about the research, training and technical assistance activities of our [Public Governance team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance) and about how our [International Centre for Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery) helps build the capacity of partner countries to trace illicit financial flows and recover money stolen through corruption.\n\nView and download [Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes).","2021-07-08",[280,21,22],"new-analysis-of-the-toledo-odebrecht-case-illuminates-the-complex-transnational-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes-2051",[25,378,26],"Reports",2051,[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],{"id":384,"storage":36,"filename_disk":385,"filename_download":38,"title":372,"type":39,"created_on":386,"modified_on":386,"charset":31,"filesize":387,"width":42,"height":197,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":388,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":386},"b9261861-e157-4940-b515-8a1b318a8b55","b9261861-e157-4940-b515-8a1b318a8b55.webp","2025-05-12T21:18:00.000Z",48766,{},[390,412],{"id":391,"news_id":392,"countries_id":411},7319,{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":393,"slug":376,"activity":394,"nid":379,"topics":395,"activities":396,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":397,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":398,"tags":400,"authors":406,"images":408,"translations":409,"content":410},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],7320,[401,402,403,404,405],5131,5798,5799,5800,5801,[407],1191,[],[],[],{"id":69,"name":70,"code":71,"latitude":72,"longitude":73},{"id":399,"news_id":413,"countries_id":425},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":414,"slug":376,"activity":415,"nid":379,"topics":416,"activities":417,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":418,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":419,"tags":420,"authors":421,"images":422,"translations":423,"content":424},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":88,"name":89,"code":90,"latitude":91,"longitude":92},[427,441,457,471,485],{"id":401,"news_id":428,"tags_id":440},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":429,"slug":376,"activity":430,"nid":379,"topics":431,"activities":432,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":433,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":434,"tags":435,"authors":436,"images":437,"translations":438,"content":439},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":108,"name":109},{"id":402,"news_id":442,"tags_id":454},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":443,"slug":376,"activity":444,"nid":379,"topics":445,"activities":446,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":447,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":448,"tags":449,"authors":450,"images":451,"translations":452,"content":453},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":455,"name":456},1309,"Informality",{"id":403,"news_id":458,"tags_id":470},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":459,"slug":376,"activity":460,"nid":379,"topics":461,"activities":462,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":463,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":464,"tags":465,"authors":466,"images":467,"translations":468,"content":469},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":124,"name":125},{"id":404,"news_id":472,"tags_id":484},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":473,"slug":376,"activity":474,"nid":379,"topics":475,"activities":476,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":477,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":478,"tags":479,"authors":480,"images":481,"translations":482,"content":483},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":140,"name":141},{"id":405,"news_id":486,"tags_id":498},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":487,"slug":376,"activity":488,"nid":379,"topics":489,"activities":490,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":491,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":492,"tags":493,"authors":494,"images":495,"translations":496,"content":497},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":4,"name":5},[500],{"id":407,"news_id":501,"authors_id":513},{"id":369,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":370,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":371,"title":372,"type":182,"body":373,"image":384,"date":374,"topic":502,"slug":376,"activity":503,"nid":379,"topics":504,"activities":505,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":506,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":507,"tags":508,"authors":509,"images":510,"translations":511,"content":512},[280,21,22],[25,378,26],[286,29],[25,378,26],[33],[391,399],[401,402,403,404,405],[407],[],[],[],{"id":171,"name":172,"position":31,"image":173},[],[],[],{"id":518,"status":13,"date_created":519,"date_updated":520,"title":521,"type":17,"body":522,"date":523,"topic":524,"slug":525,"activity":526,"nid":527,"topics":528,"activities":529,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":530,"language":31,"image":531,"translation_of":31,"countries":537,"tags":559,"authors":574,"images":575,"translations":576,"content":577},9587,"2022-05-26T22:52:54.000Z","2026-05-07T21:29:42.000Z","Silence around sextortion: new report highlights need for research and policy action on gendered corruption","A new short report on gendered corruption highlights the urgent need for more research and policy action on non-monetary corruption affecting women, such as sextortion and so-called double bribery.\n\n[_Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female) offers an initial insight into sexual corruption based on interviews with 19 businesswomen in Malawi. Part of a wider research project into procurement corruption, the interviews aimed to explore the extent of gendered corruption as a coercive form of social exchange, as well as the role of informal corrupt networks in magnifying gender-specific inequalities.\n\nThough based on a small sample in one particular context, the findings indicate that more research into this topic is urgently needed globally with a view to mainstreaming sexual corruption into anti-corruption programming. Initial findings indicate that:\n\n*   Sextortion, forced sexual favours, \"double bribery\" and other forms of sexual corruption are perceived to be widespread in Malawi. \n*   Women's risk of being subjected to sexual corruption increases in informal network settings, such as those in which business takes place.\n*   Socio-economic factors and gender-imbalanced power dynamics play an important role in enabling sexual corruption to take place with impunity.\n*   Trustworthy reporting and support mechanisms for sexual corruption are said to be lacking. \n*   Existing female-only business self-help groups could provide a strong base for enabling women to address issues of sexual corruption and related gendered violence. \n\nOverall, there is a great need for more research and policy attention globally to gendered corruption and related issues that still remain – tragically – hidden from view or considered as normal. \n\n[Read the report.](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female)","2021-07-01",[21,22],"silence-around-sextortion-new-report-highlights-need-for-research-and-policy-action-on-gendered-corruption-2042",[25,378],2042,[29],[25,378],[33],{"id":532,"storage":36,"filename_disk":533,"filename_download":38,"title":521,"type":39,"created_on":534,"modified_on":534,"charset":31,"filesize":535,"width":42,"height":197,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":536,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":534},"aaef6805-1238-48d5-9dcd-5c84739ee2b1","aaef6805-1238-48d5-9dcd-5c84739ee2b1.webp","2025-05-12T21:18:06.000Z",32920,{},[538],{"id":539,"news_id":540,"countries_id":553},7335,{"id":518,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":519,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":520,"title":521,"type":17,"body":522,"image":532,"date":523,"topic":541,"slug":525,"activity":542,"nid":527,"topics":543,"activities":544,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":545,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":546,"tags":547,"authors":549,"images":550,"translations":551,"content":552},[21,22],[25,378],[29],[25,378],[33],[539],[548],5806,[],[],[],[],{"id":554,"name":555,"code":556,"latitude":557,"longitude":558},153,"Malawi","MW",-13.25431,34.30152,[560],{"id":548,"news_id":561,"tags_id":573},{"id":518,"status":13,"user_created":49,"date_created":519,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":520,"title":521,"type":17,"body":522,"image":532,"date":523,"topic":562,"slug":525,"activity":563,"nid":527,"topics":564,"activities":565,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":566,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":567,"tags":568,"authors":569,"images":570,"translations":571,"content":572},[21,22],[25,378],[29],[25,378],[33],[539],[548],[],[],[],[],{"id":4,"name":5},[],[],[],[],11,{"items":580,"total":1379},[581,830,927,1075,1218],{"id":582,"status":13,"sort":31,"date_created":583,"date_updated":584,"nid":585,"slug":586,"title":587,"body":588,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":591,"publisher":592,"date_published":593,"external":594,"topic":595,"link_internal":597,"link_external":598,"featured":594,"topics":605,"languages":31,"type":606,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":608,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"image":609,"countries":619,"tags":651,"pdf":742,"authors":765},2433,"2026-02-27T15:11:31.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:18.000Z",2936,"addressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition","Addressing conflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia’s energy transition","This U4 Issue analyses Indonesia's ambitious energy transition and highlights how political finance, weak regulations and a \"revolving door\" of personnel between public office and the private sector create vulnerabilities. The publication was produced by U4 and the Basel Institute on Governance through its Green Corruption programme.\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-02\u002FAddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition_U4-Issue.pdf\">Download publication here\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\n### About the paper\n\nConflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia's political economy pose significant risks to its energy transition, including the Just Energy Transition Partnership. Existing legal and institutional frameworks are fragmented, inconsistently applied, and often fail to address the risk of state capture by powerful political and economic actors, especially in the extractive and energy sectors.\n\nThe reliance on fossil fuel industries for political financing and the monopolistic nature of state-owned entities further complicate the shift to a low- or no-carbon system, despite the country's ambitious renewable energy targets.\n\nPotential pathways to greater anti-corruption resilience lie in improvements to beneficial ownership transparency and strengthening regulation, monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations.\n","","English",2026,"U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre","2026-02-24",false,[596],"Green Corruption",[],[599,602],{"url":600,"caption":601},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," View on U4 website",{"url":603,"caption":604},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fblog\u002Fimproving-anti-corruption-resilience-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," Read related U4 blog",[596],[607],"Report","- Corruption and conflicts of interest are embedded in the energy transition process due to the strong links between political power, private wealth (especially from extractive industries) and public office holders.\n- Existing anti-corruption regulations are often vague, fragmented across different legal instruments, and suffer from inconsistent enforcement, which creates loopholes susceptible to manipulation.\n- Progress in renewable energy uptake is slowed by the enduring influence and interests of fossil fuel incumbents who benefit from subsidies that keep coal an artificially cheap and viable energy source.\n- The Just Energy Transition Partnership is vulnerable to misallocations due to concentrated decision-making power, limited transparency in project selection and insufficient involvement of national anti-corruption bodies and civil society in its planning.\n- Improving transparency of beneficial ownership and strengthening the monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations are possible pathways to build greater anti-corruption resilience, though these institutional efforts alone are insufficient to fully address state capture dynamics.",{"id":610,"storage":36,"filename_disk":611,"filename_download":612,"title":613,"type":614,"created_on":583,"modified_on":583,"charset":31,"filesize":615,"width":616,"height":617,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":618,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":583},"d97f2ca5-300d-45c9-9de9-33152b72f96c","d97f2ca5-300d-45c9-9de9-33152b72f96c.jpg?itok=yzE-1mVj","Addressing-CoI-and-corruption-in-indonesias-energy-transition-U4-Issue-cover.jpg?itok=yzE-1mVj","U4 Issue cover: Addressing conflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia's energy 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Anindito",{"id":644,"publications_id":815,"authors_id":827},{"id":582,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":583,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":584,"nid":585,"slug":586,"image":610,"title":587,"body":588,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":591,"publisher":592,"date_published":593,"external":594,"topic":816,"link_internal":817,"link_external":818,"featured":594,"topics":821,"languages":31,"type":822,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":608,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":823,"tags":824,"pdf":825,"authors":826},[596],[],[819,820],{"url":600,"caption":601},{"url":603,"caption":604},[596],[607],[621],[632,633,634,635,636,637],[639],[641,642,643,644],{"id":828,"name":829,"position":31,"image":31},579,"Dr Amanda Cabrejo le Roux",{"id":831,"status":13,"sort":31,"date_created":832,"date_updated":833,"nid":834,"slug":835,"title":836,"body":837,"citation":838,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":840,"date_published":841,"external":594,"topic":842,"link_internal":844,"link_external":845,"featured":594,"topics":849,"languages":31,"type":850,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"image":852,"countries":860,"tags":883,"pdf":897,"authors":898},2402,"2025-04-30T10:05:28.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:05.000Z",2801,"when-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic","When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse","A new peer-reviewed journal article looks into how corruption undermines democracies, with a specific focus on a context of weak governance.\n\n### Abstract\n\nMuch attention on strategic corruption has focused on how corruption can be weaponised to undermine democracy. This article takes a different angle, namely to understand this phenomenon from the perspective of the country that is the “target” of strategic corruption in a context of weak governance. The focus is on Sudan, where, in 2019, the civilian-military government led by Prime Minister Hamdok began an ambitious transition to democratic governance and adopting anti-corruption reforms, but this transition ended in 2023 with state collapse and conflict.\n\nUsing desk research and media analysis, the article explains the key points of contention among key actors and how external actors, through strategic corruption, became part of this story, ultimately helping to perpetuate the negative downward cycle.\n\nCritically, rather than framing countries in the Global South as passive victims of strategic corruption, the analysis shows that political actors are active antagonists and, in their efforts to resist reform, build alliances with external actors who can help them achieve their goals. What is exchanged is access to valuable resources, which fuels corruption and undermines governance.\n\n","Karar, H., & Kassa, S. (2025). When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse. *Public Integrity*, 1–14. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\">https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\u003C\u002Fa>",2025,"Public Integrity (Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group)","2025-04-29",[21,843],"Research and Innovation",[],[846],{"url":847,"caption":848},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910","View article on publisher website",[29],[851],"Article",{"id":853,"storage":36,"filename_disk":854,"filename_download":855,"title":856,"type":614,"created_on":832,"modified_on":832,"charset":31,"filesize":857,"width":616,"height":858,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":859,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":832},"5a1b9c44-e361-4428-92ae-3f1c5d75e750","5a1b9c44-e361-4428-92ae-3f1c5d75e750.jpg?itok=0U-TjtlM","Routledge-The-Impact-of-Strategic-Corruption-on-Sudan-s-Democratic-Collapse-cover.jpg?itok=0U-TjtlM","Routledge_The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan s Democratic Collapse_cover.jpg",28191,657,{},[861],{"id":862,"publications_id":863,"countries_id":877},1136,{"id":831,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":832,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":833,"nid":834,"slug":835,"image":853,"title":836,"body":837,"citation":838,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":840,"date_published":841,"external":594,"topic":864,"link_internal":865,"link_external":866,"featured":594,"topics":868,"languages":31,"type":869,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":870,"tags":871,"pdf":873,"authors":874},[21,843],[],[867],{"url":847,"caption":848},[29],[851],[862],[872],4725,[],[875,876],2598,2599,{"id":878,"name":879,"code":880,"latitude":881,"longitude":882},193,"Sudan","SD",12.86281,30.21764,[884],{"id":872,"publications_id":885,"tags_id":896},{"id":831,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":832,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":833,"nid":834,"slug":835,"image":853,"title":836,"body":837,"citation":838,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":840,"date_published":841,"external":594,"topic":886,"link_internal":887,"link_external":888,"featured":594,"topics":890,"languages":31,"type":891,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":892,"tags":893,"pdf":894,"authors":895},[21,843],[],[889],{"url":847,"caption":848},[29],[851],[862],[872],[],[875,876],{"id":4,"name":5},[],[899,912],{"id":875,"publications_id":900,"authors_id":911},{"id":831,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":832,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":833,"nid":834,"slug":835,"image":853,"title":836,"body":837,"citation":838,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":840,"date_published":841,"external":594,"topic":901,"link_internal":902,"link_external":903,"featured":594,"topics":905,"languages":31,"type":906,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":907,"tags":908,"pdf":909,"authors":910},[21,843],[],[904],{"url":847,"caption":848},[29],[851],[862],[872],[],[875,876],{"id":267,"name":268,"position":31,"image":31},{"id":876,"publications_id":913,"authors_id":924},{"id":831,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":832,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":833,"nid":834,"slug":835,"image":853,"title":836,"body":837,"citation":838,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":840,"date_published":841,"external":594,"topic":914,"link_internal":915,"link_external":916,"featured":594,"topics":918,"languages":31,"type":919,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":920,"tags":921,"pdf":922,"authors":923},[21,843],[],[917],{"url":847,"caption":848},[29],[851],[862],[872],[],[875,876],{"id":925,"name":926,"position":31,"image":31},563,"Haytham Karar",{"id":928,"status":13,"sort":31,"date_created":929,"date_updated":930,"nid":931,"slug":932,"title":933,"body":934,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":935,"date_published":936,"external":594,"topic":937,"link_internal":938,"link_external":942,"featured":943,"topics":944,"languages":945,"type":946,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"image":948,"countries":955,"tags":956,"pdf":1026,"authors":1046},2393,"2025-02-27T11:05:31.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:51.000Z",2766,"qg38","Quick Guide 38: Border corruption","Border corruption – defined simply as an illegal exchange between border officials and private actors – is a complex phenomenon with serious impacts on safety, health and security. And stopping it isn’t as easy as just stepping up enforcement.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers the what, who and why of border corruption. It is based on deep research for the EU-funded \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Ffalcon-takes-basel-institute-contribute-anti-corruption-expertise-eu-research-project\">FALCON project\u003C\u002Fa>. More such research is needed to help design effective strategies to prevent corruption from undermining border security.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.","Basel Institute on Governance","2025-02-27",[21,843],[939],{"url":940,"caption":941},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[],true,[29],[590],[947],"Quick Guide",{"id":949,"storage":36,"filename_disk":950,"filename_download":951,"title":952,"type":614,"created_on":929,"modified_on":929,"charset":31,"filesize":953,"width":616,"height":617,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":954,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":929},"527d8fca-b273-4fce-aa2f-d58c09b6f41b","527d8fca-b273-4fce-aa2f-d58c09b6f41b.jpg?itok=PyhDk0kd","QG38-Border-corruption-cover.jpg?itok=PyhDk0kd","Cover page of Quick Guide 38",53121,{},[],[957,980,996,1010],{"id":958,"publications_id":959,"tags_id":977},4611,{"id":928,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":929,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":930,"nid":931,"slug":932,"image":949,"title":933,"body":934,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":935,"date_published":936,"external":594,"topic":960,"link_internal":961,"link_external":963,"featured":943,"topics":964,"languages":965,"type":966,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":967,"tags":968,"pdf":972,"authors":974},[21,843],[962],{"url":940,"caption":941},[],[29],[590],[947],[],[958,969,970,971],4612,4732,4733,[973],2434,[975,976],2592,2593,{"id":978,"name":979},859,"Corruption 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Guide 37: Strategic corruption","This quick guide is the second in a two-part series on the tangible yet under-addressed impacts of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36\">corruption on security\u003C\u002Fa> and the complex power dynamics at play.\n\nThis second guide goes deeper into a specific security threat: when states use corruption to gain power and influence over other states and even as a geopolitical tool.\n\nIt looks at common features characterising strategic corruption cases, explores what is *strategic* about it and what this means for governance and security. It highlights the usefulness of “strategic corruption” as an analytical concept, but also urges caution in using it to guide domestic security or foreign policy decisions, or approaches to countering corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.","2025-02-10",[21,843],[1086,1089],{"url":1087,"caption":1088},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36"," View related Quick Guide to corruption and security",{"url":940,"caption":941},[],[29],[590],[947],{"id":1095,"storage":36,"filename_disk":1096,"filename_download":1097,"title":1098,"type":614,"created_on":1077,"modified_on":1077,"charset":31,"filesize":1099,"width":616,"height":617,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":1100,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":1077},"a55015c6-0d4a-467c-a507-41fff2ecc82f","a55015c6-0d4a-467c-a507-41fff2ecc82f.jpg?itok=RgUNVzPz","QG37-Strategic-corruption-cover-page.jpg?itok=RgUNVzPz","QG37_Strategic corruption_cover 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corruption_84.pdf","Q G37 Strategic Corruption Skmg","545a204d-e41b-4882-afda-481ecf3fd971","2025-04-08T06:10:11.000Z","2025-04-08T07:07:55.000Z",1302091,{"id":1119,"publications_id":1164,"directus_files_id":1177},{"id":1076,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":1077,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":1078,"nid":1079,"slug":1080,"image":1095,"title":1081,"body":1082,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":935,"date_published":1083,"external":594,"topic":1165,"link_internal":1166,"link_external":1169,"featured":943,"topics":1170,"languages":1171,"type":1172,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":1173,"tags":1174,"pdf":1175,"authors":1176},[21,843],[1167,1168],{"url":1087,"caption":1088},{"url":940,"caption":941},[],[29],[590],[947],[],[1104,1116],[1118,1119],[1121,1122],{"id":1178,"storage":36,"filename_disk":1179,"filename_download":1180,"title":1180,"type":760,"folder":761,"uploaded_by":49,"created_on":1181,"modified_by":31,"modified_on":1181,"charset":31,"filesize":1182,"width":31,"height":31,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":1183,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":31,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":1181},"056ac6c3-f02b-4f92-8941-5a496169f751","056ac6c3-f02b-4f92-8941-5a496169f751.pdf","250210-Corruption-power-security-infographic.pdf","2025-02-10T11:05:57.000Z",205109," View infographic: How corruption affects power and security",[1185,1200],{"id":1121,"publications_id":1186,"authors_id":1199},{"id":1076,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":1077,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":1078,"nid":1079,"slug":1080,"image":1095,"title":1081,"body":1082,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":935,"date_published":1083,"external":594,"topic":1187,"link_internal":1188,"link_external":1191,"featured":943,"topics":1192,"languages":1193,"type":1194,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":1195,"tags":1196,"pdf":1197,"authors":1198},[21,843],[1189,1190],{"url":1087,"caption":1088},{"url":940,"caption":941},[],[29],[590],[947],[],[1104,1116],[1118,1119],[1121,1122],{"id":267,"name":268,"position":31,"image":31},{"id":1122,"publications_id":1201,"authors_id":1214},{"id":1076,"status":13,"sort":31,"user_created":49,"date_created":1077,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":1078,"nid":1079,"slug":1080,"image":1095,"title":1081,"body":1082,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":935,"date_published":1083,"external":594,"topic":1202,"link_internal":1203,"link_external":1206,"featured":943,"topics":1207,"languages":1208,"type":1209,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"countries":1210,"tags":1211,"pdf":1212,"authors":1213},[21,843],[1204,1205],{"url":1087,"caption":1088},{"url":940,"caption":941},[],[29],[590],[947],[],[1104,1116],[1118,1119],[1121,1122],{"id":1215,"name":1216,"position":31,"image":1217},296,"Monica Guy","6d95cf25-5e8f-4eb1-b46a-daca726475db",{"id":1219,"status":13,"sort":31,"date_created":1220,"date_updated":930,"nid":1221,"slug":1222,"title":1223,"body":1224,"citation":589,"language":590,"year":839,"publisher":935,"date_published":1225,"external":594,"topic":1226,"link_internal":1227,"link_external":1232,"featured":943,"topics":1233,"languages":1234,"type":1235,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":31,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"image":1236,"countries":1243,"tags":1244,"pdf":1313,"authors":1348},2389,"2025-02-10T11:05:56.000Z",2756,"qg36","Quick Guide 36: Corruption and security","How does corruption threaten national and international security, both directly and indirectly? Can viewing it through the lens of power offer deeper insights? And what might we achieve by framing corruption as a security concern?\n\nThis quick guide gives a short introduction to this complex issue as part of a two-part series on corruption, security and strategic corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.","2025-02-09",[21,843],[1228,1231],{"url":1229,"caption":1230},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg37"," View related Quick Guide to strategic corruption",{"url":940,"caption":941},[],[29],[590],[947],{"id":1237,"storage":36,"filename_disk":1238,"filename_download":1239,"title":1240,"type":614,"created_on":1220,"modified_on":1220,"charset":31,"filesize":1241,"width":616,"height":617,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":1242,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":1220},"7b63372a-9595-47eb-8bb8-88a3df6b9912","7b63372a-9595-47eb-8bb8-88a3df6b9912.jpg?itok=2C2OkXUa","QG36-Corruption-and-security-cover-page.jpg?itok=2C2OkXUa","QG36_Corruption and security_cover 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Investigation Teams: modernising cross-border investigations into corruption and organised crime","How the Basel Institute on Governance is helping partner countries to develop and implement Joint Investigation Teams to tackle complex cases that cross national borders, including environmental crime investigations.","jit","- **Faster, more coordinated investigations:** Supporting partner countries to establish Joint Investigation Teams (JITs) that enable authorities to share evidence directly and coordinate investigative action across borders.\n- **A landmark wildlife trafficking investigation:** In 2025, prosecutorial authorities in Peru, Panama and Ecuador established Latin America’s first Joint Investigation Team on wildlife trafficking to investigate a shark fin trafficking network spanning multiple jurisdictions. \n- **Stronger international enforcement:** Helping partner countries overcome legal and operational obstacles through expert support, trusted relationships and practical frameworks for coordinated action.",[1389],"Latin America Caribbean",[1391,596],"Asset recovery and enforcement",{"id":1393,"storage":36,"filename_disk":1394,"filename_download":1395,"title":1396,"type":1397,"created_on":1398,"modified_on":1399,"charset":31,"filesize":1400,"width":1401,"height":1402,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":1403,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":1404,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":1405},"c8f2a876-6cba-49e0-a2dc-c95947e10441","c8f2a876-6cba-49e0-a2dc-c95947e10441.png","17 Joint Investigation Teams.png","17 Joint Investigation Teams","image\u002Fpng","2026-05-25T17:57:08.000Z","2026-05-29T21:39:27.000Z",2446420,1536,1024,"Connecting authorities in Peru, Ecuador and Panama to tackle a cross-border case of shark fin trafficking. Image generated using AI.",{},"2026-05-25T17:57:11.000Z",[1407,1439,1452,1464,1476,1488,1498],{"id":1408,"collection":1409,"sort":1410,"stories_id":1411,"item":1435},39,"text",1,{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1412,"area":1413,"content":1414,"tags":1421,"countries":1433},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],40,41,48,42,49,43,[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,[1434,1383,578],9,{"id":1436,"text":1437,"class":31,"title":1438,"anchor":31},78,"Corruption and organised crime increasingly operate across borders. Criminal networks move money, assets and illicit goods between jurisdictions while investigators navigate fragmented legal systems and cooperation processes that can struggle to keep pace.\n\nJoint Investigation Teams help address these issues by allowing authorities to work together in real time. They can also strengthen asset recovery efforts by helping authorities to target the profits that sustain organised criminal networks in a more coordinated and comprehensive way.","The situation",{"id":1415,"collection":1440,"sort":1441,"stories_id":1442,"item":1448},"box",2,{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1443,"area":1444,"content":1445,"tags":1446,"countries":1447},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],[1434,1383,578],{"id":1449,"title":1450,"text":1451},6,"Key term","**Joint Investigation Team:** A formal cooperation mechanism that allows prosecutors and investigators from different countries to work together on a shared cross-border case. They enable direct evidence sharing, coordinated investigative action and faster cooperation while respecting national laws and sovereignty.\n",{"id":1416,"collection":1409,"sort":1453,"stories_id":1454,"item":1460},3,{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1455,"area":1456,"content":1457,"tags":1458,"countries":1459},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],[1434,1383,578],{"id":1461,"text":1462,"class":31,"title":1463,"anchor":31},79,"Through our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) and Green Corruption programme, the Basel Institute is promoting the development and implementation of Joint Investigation Teams with partner countries tackling cross-border corruption and organised crime.\n\nSupport combines technical expertise with practical assistance: helping authorities build trust across jurisdictions, strengthening cooperation frameworks and supporting the design and operationalisation of these mechanisms.\n\nOne example comes from Latin America. In 2025, prosecutorial authorities in Peru, Panama and Ecuador established the first Joint Investigation Team on wildlife trafficking in Latin America to investigate a shark fin trafficking network spanning the countries’ borders. \n","What we did",{"id":1417,"collection":1465,"sort":1466,"stories_id":1467,"item":1473},"quote",4,{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1468,"area":1469,"content":1470,"tags":1471,"countries":1472},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],[1434,1383,578],{"id":1426,"quote":1474,"author":1475},"This significant milestone was achieved with the sustained support of the Basel Institute on Governance, whose assistance was instrumental from the initial engagement, through the facilitation of in-person trust-building exchanges among prosecutors, to the design, formalisation and operationalisation of the agreement.","Sebastián Aguilar J., Directorate of Cooperation and International Affairs, Office of the Attorney General of Ecuador",{"id":1418,"collection":1409,"sort":1477,"stories_id":1478,"item":1484},5,{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1479,"area":1480,"content":1481,"tags":1482,"countries":1483},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],[1434,1383,578],{"id":1485,"text":1486,"class":31,"title":1487,"anchor":31},80,"The Peru–Panama–Ecuador agreement established a framework for direct information exchange, coordinated investigative strategies and joint prosecutorial action across borders. It also created an important regional precedent, by showing how countries can work collectively against organised criminal networks operating across jurisdictions. \n\nThe wildlife trafficking case is one example of a broader effort. The Basel Institute is supporting partners to use Joint Investigation Teams in other cross-border cases, such as corruption or – in the case referred to below – illegal mining: ","The impact",{"id":1419,"collection":1465,"sort":1449,"stories_id":1489,"item":1495},{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1490,"area":1491,"content":1492,"tags":1493,"countries":1494},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],[1434,1383,578],{"id":1427,"quote":1496,"author":1497},"ICAR’s support has been essential in strengthening our capacity to combat organised crime in Peru. With their guidance, our office has successfully launched one of the country’s first Joint Investigation Teams, marking a significant step forward in cross-border cooperation. What I particularly value is the daily, dedicated technical assistance provided by ICAR’s experts, which has not only supported our work on cases but has also improved our institutional capabilities.","Mayda Virginia Mori Anto, Chief Provincial Prosecutor, Second Supraprovincial Specialized Prosecutor's Office for Organised Crime of Peru",{"id":1420,"collection":1409,"sort":1499,"stories_id":1500,"item":1506},7,{"id":1383,"status":13,"sort":31,"title":1384,"image":1393,"description":1385,"slug":1386,"highlights":1387,"region":1501,"area":1502,"content":1503,"tags":1504,"countries":1505},[1389],[1391,596],[1408,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420],[1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432],[1434,1383,578],{"id":1507,"text":1508,"class":31,"title":1509,"anchor":31},81,"Joint Investigation Teams remain underused in many regions affected by corruption and organised crime. Through our specialised ICAR and Green Corruption teams, and our relationships with prosecutorial authorities in multiple countries, the Basel Institute is helping partners turn the concept into practice: building trusted coalitions and strengthening international cooperation against crimes that increasingly cross borders.","Wider 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