[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":415},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tag-1382":3,"tag-events-1382-1":6,"tag-news-1382-1":9,"tag-publications-1382-1":89,"tag-stories-1382-1":413},{"id":4,"name":5},1382,"Humanitarian assistance",{"items":7,"total":8},[],0,{"items":10,"total":88},[11],{"id":12,"status":13,"date_created":14,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"date":19,"topic":20,"slug":25,"activity":26,"nid":28,"topics":29,"activities":32,"programme":33,"area":33,"websites":34,"language":33,"image":36,"translation_of":33,"countries":47,"tags":48,"authors":67,"images":85,"translations":86,"content":87},9741,"published","2022-05-26T22:55:02.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:52.000Z","How to curb corruption in natural disaster situations – and pandemics","Blog","Last week’s blog about [corruption risks in natural disaster situations](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fcorruption-natural-disaster-situations-can-our-experiences-help-prevent-corruption-related) triggered some interesting feedback. Many observers are seeing the same as I am in the international response to the covid-19 pandemic – namely, that there are striking similarities with the response to earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters in the past.\n\nOf course, there are important differences too. A natural disaster is much more localised than a global pandemic, and the disruption is of a different sort. Nevertheless, I believe the seven recommendations my co-author and I put forward in our book chapter are relevant for practitioners and policymakers weighing up different approaches to corruption risks in the covid-19 response.\n\nNone are as straightforward as they sound below – is there anything simple in anti-corruption? – but I hope they inspire efforts to do as much as possible in these areas.\n\nYou can find the full recommendations and references in our original chapter [here](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcurbing-risks-and-opportunities-corruption-natural-disaster-situations). It was published in 2009 in _International Law and Standards Applicable in Natural Disaster Situations,_ edited by Erica Harper for IDLO.\n\n### 1\\. Cooperation and coordination\n\nThe numerous actors involved in post-disaster relief and reconstruction – governments, NGOs, civil society organisations, donors, aid agencies, the private sector and affected communities – must coordinate to channel resources effectively and transparently to the people who need them.\n\nRegular dialogue between actors and adopting consistent policies and procedures can reduce opportunities for corruption, enhance transparency, and strengthen mutual trust and accountability.\n\n### 2\\. Country ownership\n\nLocal actors understand local realities and are generally best placed to assess actual needs. As long as realistic reconstruction strategies and action plans are in place, donors and aid agencies should respect host countries’ leadership in humanitarian relief and reconstruction operations and align their own work accordingly.\n\n### 3\\. Capacity development\n\nBuilding capacity among local actors – particularly in financial and administrative management – will support institutions in charge of overseeing and coordinating relief work. Capacity-building programmes should include the establishment or reinforcement of clear policies against fraud and corruption in both the public and private sectors, plus strengthening the function of the media as corruption watchdogs.\n\nBeyond the immediate benefit in a crisis situation, combining short-term humanitarian assistance with this type of capacity development will contribute to longer-term development goals and ensure greater sustainability.\n\n### 4\\. Broad participation in society\n\nLack of consultation with the ultimate beneficiaries may lead to inappropriate aid projects and further marginalisation of the people most affected. The entire aid process should therefore be people-centred and participatory.\n\nThis means, for example:\n\n*   involving all stakeholders in decision-making processes;\n*   incorporating existing local expertise and economic capacity;\n*   ensuring broad representation on the boards of any trust funds established to manage incoming assistance.\n\nWorking closely with local civil society organisations and communities can help ensure aid is accurately targeted and efficient, as well as contribute to local empowerment and a stronger sense of ownership.\n\n### 5\\. Transparency and accountability\n\nTransparent procedures and sound accountability mechanisms allow all stakeholders to appraise the intentions and actions taken in relief and reconstruction processes. This fosters mutual trust and confidence. The imperative for actors to disclose their activities and intentions pressurises them to act faithfully and channel aid to the most needy recipients.\n\nSome valuable threads to draw together here include:\n\n*   establishing transparent mechanisms to monitor aid flows from source to end user;\n*   using teams to conduct needs assessments to ensure mutual supervision;\n*   ensuring clear communication using local languages and communication methods;\n*   implementing transparency mechanisms for public procurement processes, which may be fast-tracked due to the crisis. In addition to considering tools such as Integrity Pacts, governments should maintain minimum competitive tendering standards and proper documentation;\n*   insisting that governments and aid agencies, plus other stakeholders such as community leaders, commit themselves to full accountability for their activities. Audits, along with community oversight and participation, are essential tools here.\n\n### 6\\. Monitoring, reporting and evaluation\n\nIndependent monitoring of aid flows and projects should complement internal controls in order to increase accountability and minimise corruption risks. Civil society organisations and beneficiary communities can play a powerful role here, along with effective complaints mechanisms for agency staff, the media and the general public.\n\nThese community-led monitoring and evaluation approaches (“people’s audits”) depend on freedom of expression and opinion. In their absence, anonymous whistleblowing channels and protections will be needed.\n\n### 7\\. Establishment of enforcement mechanisms\n\nWhistleblowing and corruption reporting systems are only as effective as their enforcement – so governments and aid agencies need clear policies for handling reports, and sanctions need to be properly and visibly enforced. Potential wrongdoers need to be given a clear message that corrupt practices will be investigated and sanctioned.","2020-05-11",[21,22,23,24],"Asset Recovery","Public Finance Management","Prevention"," Research and Innovation","how-to-curb-corruption-in-natural-disaster-situations-and-pandemics-1746",[27],"Insights",1746,[30,22,31],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement","Prevention Research and Innovation",[27],null,[35],"Main page",{"id":37,"storage":38,"filename_disk":39,"filename_download":40,"title":16,"type":41,"created_on":42,"modified_on":42,"charset":33,"filesize":43,"width":44,"height":45,"duration":33,"embed":33,"description":33,"location":33,"tags":33,"metadata":46,"focal_point_x":33,"focal_point_y":33,"tus_id":33,"tus_data":33,"uploaded_on":42},"0a12b824-f998-4272-9b50-693b8a479972","local","0a12b824-f998-4272-9b50-693b8a479972.webp","tmp.webp","image\u002Fwebp","2025-05-12T21:20:36.000Z",33704,1400,928,{},[],[49],{"id":50,"news_id":51,"tags_id":66},5901,{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":52,"date_created":14,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":37,"date":19,"topic":54,"slug":25,"activity":55,"nid":28,"topics":56,"activities":57,"programme":33,"area":33,"websites":58,"translation_of":33,"language":33,"countries":59,"tags":60,"authors":61,"images":63,"translations":64,"content":65},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22,23,24],[27],[30,22,31],[27],[35],[],[50],[62],1233,[],[],[],{"id":4,"name":5},[68],{"id":62,"news_id":69,"authors_id":81},{"id":12,"status":13,"user_created":52,"date_created":14,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":15,"title":16,"type":17,"body":18,"image":37,"date":19,"topic":70,"slug":25,"activity":71,"nid":28,"topics":72,"activities":73,"programme":33,"area":33,"websites":74,"translation_of":33,"language":33,"countries":75,"tags":76,"authors":77,"images":78,"translations":79,"content":80},[21,22,23,24],[27],[30,22,31],[27],[35],[],[50],[62],[],[],[],{"id":82,"name":83,"position":33,"image":84},297,"Gretta Fenner","06f7143f-fe9b-45df-87a0-8c2e8f721109",[],[],[],1,{"items":90,"total":412},[91,257],{"id":92,"status":13,"sort":33,"date_created":93,"date_updated":94,"nid":95,"slug":96,"title":97,"body":98,"citation":99,"language":100,"year":101,"publisher":102,"date_published":103,"external":104,"topic":105,"link_internal":107,"link_external":111,"featured":104,"topics":112,"languages":113,"type":114,"area":33,"programme":33,"websites":33,"summary":33,"pdf_text":33,"main_points":33,"short_version":33,"subtitle":33,"image":116,"countries":126,"tags":154,"pdf":200,"authors":223},2335,"2024-01-29T11:04:48.000Z","2026-06-02T21:16:08.000Z",2575,"pb-13","Policy Brief 13: Catalysing the private sector for disaster response and resilience – Case study of the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation","Extreme weather events, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and epidemics cause the loss of countless lives and bring disruption to many countries. Governments and humanitarian aid agencies are expected to be at the forefront of preparing for and responding to such disasters.\n\nHowever, occasionally the scale and impact of some natural disasters are so large that additional resources beyond what governments can provide become necessary. In such cases, efforts may be perceived as insufficient and slow. Resources and efforts need to be augmented in order to provide relief and support to those who need it most.\n\nCould the private sector take a more leading role in pre- and post-disaster efforts? How could a structured, long-term engagement reduce the inevitable integrity risks in high-stress disaster situations involving numerous government, business and international actors?\n\nThis Policy Brief looks at how the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pdrf.org\u002F\">Philippines Disaster Resilience Foundation\u003C\u002Fa> (PDRF) has emerged as a leading private-sector coordinator for disaster risk reduction and management.\n\nIt illustrates the important role that the private sector can play in responding to – and building resilience to – natural disasters and other humanitarian emergencies. It also showcases how vital it is for good governance, integrity and transparent collaboration to be at the heart of those efforts.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa> and relates to our work to promote anti-corruption \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F\">Collective Action\u003C\u002Fa> with the private sector.\n\nYou may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). ","Luz, Bill, and Vanessa Hans. 'Catalysing the private sector for disaster response and resilience: Case study of the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation.’ Policy Brief 13, Basel Institute on Governance, https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-13.","English",2024,"Basel Institute on Governance","2024-01-26",false,[106],"Collective Action",[108],{"url":109,"caption":110},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[106],[100],[115],"Policy 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Hans","42603e5f-944c-4fa7-8b85-a430cb6c2da8",{"id":258,"status":13,"sort":33,"date_created":259,"date_updated":260,"nid":261,"slug":262,"title":263,"body":264,"citation":265,"language":100,"year":266,"publisher":267,"date_published":268,"external":104,"topic":269,"link_internal":271,"link_external":272,"featured":104,"topics":276,"languages":277,"type":278,"area":33,"programme":33,"websites":33,"summary":33,"pdf_text":33,"main_points":33,"short_version":33,"subtitle":33,"image":280,"countries":289,"tags":290,"pdf":360,"authors":380},2154,"2022-04-27T11:57:38.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:08.000Z",206,"curbing-risks-and-opportunities-corruption-natural-disaster-situations","Curbing the risks of and opportunities for corruption in natural disaster situations","This chapter appears in International Law and Standards Applicable in Natural Disaster Situations edited by Erica Harper.\n\nThe book aims to stimulate thought and action in relation to establishing human rights frameworks in countries recovering from natural disasters. The authors regard this as essential in order to protect the rights and restore the dignity of the victims of natural disasters. While a substantial body of relevant law exists, the law is only effective if disaster recovery planners and the people working in the field know and understand it. By building legal protections into preparedness and response planning, the recovery timetable can be shortened and order restored more quickly and effectively. At the same time, this process will help to uncover and address systemic injustices that cause continuing poverty and social unrest.\n\nThe aim of this chapter by Gretta Fenner and Mirella Mahlstein is to build awareness of the increased and particular corruption risks of natural disaster situations, to illuminate individual risks and respective responsibilities among the different involved actors, and to provide guidance on tools and mechanisms to prevent and detect corruption when it occurs.","Fenner, G., Mahlstein, M. (2009). 'Curbing the risks of and opportunities for corruption in natural disaster situations' in Harper, E. (ed) International Law and Standards Applicable in Natural Disaster Situations (pp. 241–254). International Development ",2009,"International Development Law Organization (IDLO)","2009-01-01",[270],"",[],[273],{"url":274,"caption":275},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.globalprotectioncluster.org\u002F_assets\u002Ffiles\u002Ftools_and_guidance\u002Fnatural_disasters\u002FNatural_Disaster_Manual_EN.pdf"," View book",[],[100],[279],"Article",{"id":281,"storage":38,"filename_disk":282,"filename_download":283,"title":284,"type":121,"created_on":259,"modified_on":259,"charset":33,"filesize":285,"width":286,"height":287,"duration":33,"embed":33,"description":33,"location":33,"tags":33,"metadata":288,"focal_point_x":33,"focal_point_y":33,"tus_id":33,"tus_data":33,"uploaded_on":259},"646b0e8a-a8bd-46b8-8625-8a4f958001b6","646b0e8a-a8bd-46b8-8625-8a4f958001b6.jpg","Pages-from-Corruption-in-natural-disaster-situations.jpg","Pages from Corruption in natural disaster 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