[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":629},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-wp-42":3,"related-wp-42":200},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":22,"link_external":23,"featured":19,"topics":24,"languages":26,"type":27,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":29,"countries":40,"tags":106,"pdf":182,"authors":183},2266,"published",null,"2023-02-20T17:04:17.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:10.000Z",2338,"wp-42","[Forthcoming] Working Paper 42: Confiscating assets frozen under sanctions without undermining the rule of law","This paper will be released on 21 February 2023.\n\nWritten in the light of Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine, the Working Paper explores whether it is justifiable to confiscate assets frozen under financial sanctions in order to redirect them to the victims of state aggression. \n\nThe paper first explores the concept of sanctions and financial sanctions (asset freezes) and what they mean in practice.\n\nUsing the example of Canada, which has introduced a legislative mechanism for this purpose, the paper analyses whether states should be able to confiscate sanctioned assets purely on the basis that they have been sanctioned.\n\nIt then looks at more established measures that states could adopt and apply to target sanctioned assets, including:\n\n\n- Traditional conviction based confiscation measures, including 'extended confiscation' mechanisms\n- Non-conviction based confiscation (forfeiture) measures\n- Unexplained wealth laws\n\n\nThe paper recommends ways to maximise the effectiveness of these alternative avenues for recovering assets, which are much less controversial and can arguably be applied without infringing on legal rights. \n\nOpting for mechanisms that abide by established legal rights will not only significantly increase the chance of recovering assets without subsequent legal challenges. It will also ensure that the very reason for targeting the assets in the first place – namely to seek justice and compensation for acts of aggression – is not undermined through the erosion of the rule of law. \n\n### About this Paper\n\nThis Working Paper was prepared by the Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nIt is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish the Working Paper under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"mailto:https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nSuggested citation: Dornbierer, Andrew. 2023. ‘Confiscating assets frozen under sanctions without undermining the rule of law.’ Working Paper 42, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"mailto:https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-42\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-42\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThe Basel Institute would like to thank Isys Lam and the law firms of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbonifassi-avocats.com\u002Fen\u002F\">Bonifassi Avocats\u003C\u002Fa> (France), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hengeler.com\u002Fen\">Hengeler Mueller\u003C\u002Fa> (Germany), \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bennettjones.com\u002F\">Bennett Jones\u003C\u002Fa> (Canada) and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.raassociados.pt\u002F\">Rogério Alves & Associados\u003C\u002Fa> (Portugal) for their support in providing research for this paper.\n\nThe Basel Institute would also like to thank Stefan Lenz, Stefan Cassella, Maria Nizzero, Nicola Bonucci and Oscar Solórzano for their support in reviewing the content of the paper and recommending amendments.","","English",2023,"Basel Institute on Governance","2023-02-20",false,[21],"Asset Recovery",[],[],[25],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],[28],"Working Paper",{"id":30,"storage":31,"filename_disk":32,"filename_download":33,"title":34,"type":35,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":36,"width":37,"height":38,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":39,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"aaa4fae3-eea5-4be3-95b1-4de7e87fabb4","local","aaa4fae3-eea5-4be3-95b1-4de7e87fabb4.jpg?itok=PR2fFkgl","Pages-from-230213-Working-Paper-42-cover.jpg?itok=PR2fFkgl","Cover page of Working Paper 42","image\u002Fjpeg",51358,500,708,{},[41,70,88],{"id":42,"publications_id":43,"countries_id":64},1057,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":46,"link_internal":47,"link_external":48,"featured":19,"topics":49,"languages":50,"type":51,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":52,"tags":55,"pdf":61,"authors":62},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],1058,1059,[56,57,58,59,60],4439,4444,4788,4789,4790,[],[63],2481,{"id":65,"name":66,"code":67,"latitude":68,"longitude":69},36,"Canada","CA",56.13037,-106.34677,{"id":53,"publications_id":71,"countries_id":82},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":72,"link_internal":73,"link_external":74,"featured":19,"topics":75,"languages":76,"type":77,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":78,"tags":79,"pdf":80,"authors":81},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":83,"name":84,"code":85,"latitude":86,"longitude":87},188,"Russia","RU",61.52401,105.31876,{"id":54,"publications_id":89,"countries_id":100},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":90,"link_internal":91,"link_external":92,"featured":19,"topics":93,"languages":94,"type":95,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":96,"tags":97,"pdf":98,"authors":99},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":101,"name":102,"code":103,"latitude":104,"longitude":105},225,"Ukraine","UA",48.37943,31.16558,[107,122,137,152,167],{"id":56,"publications_id":108,"tags_id":119},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":109,"link_internal":110,"link_external":111,"featured":19,"topics":112,"languages":113,"type":114,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":115,"tags":116,"pdf":117,"authors":118},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":120,"name":121},1227,"Sanctions",{"id":57,"publications_id":123,"tags_id":134},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":124,"link_internal":125,"link_external":126,"featured":19,"topics":127,"languages":128,"type":129,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":130,"tags":131,"pdf":132,"authors":133},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":135,"name":136},821,"Unexplained wealth",{"id":58,"publications_id":138,"tags_id":149},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":139,"link_internal":140,"link_external":141,"featured":19,"topics":142,"languages":143,"type":144,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":145,"tags":146,"pdf":147,"authors":148},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":150,"name":151},843,"Asset recovery",{"id":59,"publications_id":153,"tags_id":164},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":154,"link_internal":155,"link_external":156,"featured":19,"topics":157,"languages":158,"type":159,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":160,"tags":161,"pdf":162,"authors":163},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":165,"name":166},1379,"Non-conviction based forfeiture",{"id":60,"publications_id":168,"tags_id":179},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":169,"link_internal":170,"link_external":171,"featured":19,"topics":172,"languages":173,"type":174,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":175,"tags":176,"pdf":177,"authors":178},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":180,"name":181},1215,"Illicit financial flows",[],[184],{"id":63,"publications_id":185,"authors_id":196},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":186,"link_internal":187,"link_external":188,"featured":19,"topics":189,"languages":190,"type":191,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":192,"tags":193,"pdf":194,"authors":195},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[42,53,54],[56,57,58,59,60],[],[63],{"id":197,"name":198,"position":7,"image":199},306,"Andrew Dornbierer","89aae58b-3e50-4375-9b9b-5b31370dab64",[201,239,292,331,376,431,467,529,561,599],{"id":202,"slug":203,"title":204,"status":6,"nid":205,"year":206,"body":207,"external":19,"topic":208,"language":15,"type":209,"date_published":210,"image":211,"citation":212,"publisher":213,"link_internal":214,"link_external":218,"authors":219,"countries":222,"tags":223,"pdf":232,"topics":234,"featured":19,"languages":235,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":236,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":237,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":238},2340,"wp-51","Working Paper 51: Good practices in asset recovery legislation in selected OSCE participating States",2607,2024,"Asset recovery tools are integral to combating corruption, organised crime, sanctions evasion and other profit-motivated crimes. However, in many participating States of the OSCE, the range of asset recovery tools available to law enforcement and criminal justice agencies is limited.\n\nThis Working Paper identifies legislative mechanisms in OSCE participating States that empower the state to confiscate suspected or proven proceeds of crime. The overall objective is to ascertain: \n\n\n- Established good practices with regard to the design of these legislative mechanisms.\n- Any unique approaches that particular countries have taken in this context that could be replicated and tested in other jurisdictions.\n\n\nIt covers:\n\n\n- Conviction-based asset recovery mechanisms.\n- Non-conviction based mechanisms including civil recovery.\n- Additional mechanisms such as illicit enrichment laws and other laws that reverse the burden of proof regarding the legitimacy of assets.\n- Considerations regarding the adoption of broader asset recovery laws.\n- Approaches to the disposal of confiscated assets.\n- Common challenges in the implementation of asset recovery mechanisms.\n\n\n### About this report\n\nThis comparative study was conducted and drafted by the International Centre for Asset Recovery at the Basel Institute on Governance for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The paper was commissioned under the extra-budgetary project ‘Strengthening asset recovery efforts in the OSCE region’ implemented by the OSCE Secretariat’s Transnational Threats Department and the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities.\n\nIt is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.\n\n### Disclaimer\n\nThis Working Paper is intended for general informational purposes and does not constitute and\u002For substitute legal or other professional advice. The contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, the OSCE and its participating States.",[21],[28],"2024-03-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F874c9d29-7337-4e37-8b50-36a26d00bf28?width=600&height=840","Dornbierer, Andrew. 2024. ‘Good practices in asset recovery legislation in selected OSCE participating States.’ Working Paper 51, Basel Institute on Governance and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-51","Basel Institute on Governance; Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)",[215],{"url":216,"caption":217},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[220],{"authors_id":221},{"id":197,"name":198},[],[224,226,228,230],{"tags_id":225},{"id":135,"name":136},{"tags_id":227},{"id":165,"name":166},{"tags_id":229},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":231},{"id":180,"name":181},[233],2377,[25],[15],"2024-03-25T11:04:47.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:45.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-51",{"id":240,"slug":241,"title":242,"status":6,"nid":243,"year":206,"body":244,"external":19,"topic":245,"language":15,"type":246,"date_published":247,"image":248,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":249,"link_external":251,"authors":255,"countries":260,"tags":265,"pdf":284,"topics":286,"featured":287,"languages":288,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":289,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":290,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":291},2366,"wp-54","Working Paper 54: Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture: Identifying human rights and other standards for Latin America",2701,"This Working Paper explores the wide variety of non-conviction based (NCB) forfeiture laws in Latin America, with a special focus on the region’s predominant model, *Extinción de dominio*.\n\nIt argues that NCB forfeiture legislation, which allows for the recovery of stolen assets outside of criminal proceedings, can contribute significantly to a state’s criminal policy response to rampant economic and organised crime.\n\nThe paper emphasises the importance of critically reviewing and harmonising domestic practices of NCB forfeiture around emerging standards, so that they can reach their large potential in asset recovery. Ensuring their alignment with international human rights and other recognised norms and procedural rules ultimately builds trust, lends legitimacy and fosters judicial cooperation in international NCB forfeiture cases.\n\n### About this report\n\nThe paper is based on experience gained through the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa> (ICAR), which since 2006 has supported partner countries in investigating, prosecuting and recovering assets arising from grand corruption and other crimes.\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish the Working Paper under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nSuggested citation: Solórzano, Oscar. 2024. ‘Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture: Identifying human rights and other standards for Latin America.’ Working Paper 54, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54.",[21],[28],"2024-09-30","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F37616510-2f1f-4ab6-9405-845433d6fa3b?width=600&height=840",[250],{"url":216,"caption":217},[252],{"url":253,"caption":254},"route:\u003Cnolink>"," Download PDF (Spanish - forthcoming)",[256],{"authors_id":257},{"id":258,"name":259},294,"Oscar Solorzano",[261],{"countries_id":262},{"id":263,"name":264},171,"Peru",[266,268,272,276,280,282],{"tags_id":267},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":269},{"id":270,"name":271},932,"Human rights",{"tags_id":273},{"id":274,"name":275},867,"Financial crime",{"tags_id":277},{"id":278,"name":279},967,"Organised crime",{"tags_id":281},{"id":165,"name":166},{"tags_id":283},{"id":180,"name":181},[285],2404,[25],true,[15],"2024-10-03T16:05:11.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:47.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54",{"id":293,"slug":294,"title":295,"status":6,"nid":296,"year":206,"body":297,"external":19,"topic":298,"language":15,"type":299,"date_published":301,"image":302,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":303,"link_external":307,"authors":311,"countries":314,"tags":315,"pdf":324,"topics":326,"featured":19,"languages":327,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":328,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":329,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":330},2383,"pb-14","Policy Brief 14: Targeting unexplained wealth: Implications of the EU’s 2024 Directive on asset recovery",2739,"The European Union’s 2024 \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fdata.europa.eu\u002Feli\u002Fdir\u002F2024\u002F1260\u002Foj\">Directive on Asset Recovery and Confiscation\u003C\u002Fa> obliges Member States to, among other things, introduce legislative measures to enable the confiscation of “unexplained wealth”.\n\nThis policy paper examines this Article and the powers and restrictions that Member States will need to include in such “unexplained wealth” measures to ensure compliance with the Directive.\n\nIn brief, the Directive gives legislators in EU Member States flexibility to decide the scope of their own unexplained wealth measures. At a minimum, they must introduce measures that can be used to target unexplained wealth linked to organised crime.\n\nMember States could, however, adopt broader measures target unexplained wealth relating to all criminal activity, including corruption.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nYou may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence. Suggested citation: Dornbierer, Andrew. 2024. ‘Targeting unexplained wealth: Implications of the EU’s 2024 Directive on asset recovery.’ Policy Brief 14, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-14\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-14\u003C\u002Fa>. \n\nThis is a publication of the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR receives core funding from the Governments of Jersey, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.",[21],[300],"Policy Brief","2024-01-13","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9b9b6a62-6a97-4851-957f-1f36155e8f32?width=600&height=840",[304],{"url":305,"caption":306},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[308],{"url":309,"caption":310},"https:\u002F\u002Fillicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org\u002F"," Free book: Illicit Enrichment",[312],{"authors_id":313},{"id":197,"name":198},[],[316,318,320,322],{"tags_id":317},{"id":135,"name":136},{"tags_id":319},{"id":180,"name":181},{"tags_id":321},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":323},{"id":270,"name":271},[325],2419,[25],[15],"2025-01-13T11:05:26.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-14",{"id":332,"slug":333,"title":334,"status":6,"nid":335,"year":336,"body":337,"external":19,"topic":338,"language":15,"type":340,"date_published":341,"image":342,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":343,"link_external":347,"authors":350,"countries":357,"tags":360,"pdf":369,"topics":371,"featured":19,"languages":372,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":373,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":374,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":375},2232,"wp-41","Working Paper 41: Targeting unexplained wealth in British Columbia",2288,2022,"The final recommendation of the Commission of Inquiry into Money Laundering in British Columbia (‘the Commission’) urged the government to legislate an unexplained wealth order (‘UWO’) as part of a wider approach to counter the prevalence of money laundering and proceeds of crime in the province.\n\nThis document analyses the feasibility of this recommendation. It:\n\n\n- **briefly explains the concept of unexplained wealth** and how it can be targeted through legislative instruments;\n- **outlines the reasons** for which the Commissioner proposed a UWO for British Columbia;\n- **explains how a UK-style UWO works** and assess the probability that a mechanism of this kind would successfully recover unexplained wealth in British Columbia; \n- **addresses the constitutional issues** that may arise if a UK-style UWO was introduced, as outlined by former Supreme Court Justice, the Honourable Thomas A. Cromwell C.C., in his annexed opinion to the report;\n- **explains other legislative options** that target unexplained wealth (including those in Western Australia and Ireland) and assess their constitutional compatibility and potential effectiveness as compared to a UK-style UWO;\n- **explores the legal rights issues** that may arise if either a UK-style UWO or a traditional UWO was introduced; and\n- **outlines the legislative safeguards** that could be put in place to reduce the risk that any such mechanisms would negatively impact on established legal rights.\n\n\n### About and acknowledgements\n\nThis document has been prepared by experts working with the Basel Institute on Governance, an independent not-for-profit organisation dedicated to countering corruption and other financial crimes, and the Vancouver Anti-Corruption Institute, an organisation devoted to anti-corruption efforts and legislative change. The collaboration was facilitated by the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators, an independent, non-partisan global centre that shapes and advances financial crime litigation practices for the future.\n\n### Open-access licence and citation\n\nThe publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. It is licensed for sharing and republishing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nSuggested citation: Dornbierer, Andrew, and Jeffrey Simser. 2022. “Targeting unexplained wealth in British Columbia: An analysis of Recommendation 101 of the Final Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Money Laundering in British Columbia.” Working Paper 41, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-41",[339,21],"Anti-Money Laundering",[28],"2022-10-03","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fffb4289a-9a4b-434e-92bb-f85b8268c774?width=600&height=840",[344],{"url":345,"caption":346},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Ftargeting-unexplained-wealth-in-british-columbia-and-beyond-new-analysis-2287"," See related blog: Targeting unexplained wealth in British Columbia and beyond – new analysis",[348],{"url":309,"caption":349}," See Illicit Enrichment, an open-access book and database on laws to target unexplained wealth",[351,353],{"authors_id":352},{"id":197,"name":198},{"authors_id":354},{"id":355,"name":356},511,"Jeffrey Simser",[358],{"countries_id":359},{"id":65,"name":66},[361,363,367],{"tags_id":362},{"id":135,"name":136},{"tags_id":364},{"id":365,"name":366},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":368},{"id":180,"name":181},[370],2274,[339,25],[15],"2022-10-03T16:04:07.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:02.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-41",{"id":377,"slug":378,"title":379,"status":6,"nid":380,"year":381,"body":382,"external":19,"topic":383,"language":15,"type":384,"date_published":386,"image":387,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":388,"link_external":398,"authors":402,"countries":407,"tags":416,"pdf":425,"topics":427,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":428,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":429,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":430},2446,"quick-guide-43-corruption-sanctions","Quick Guide 43: Corruption sanctions",2971,2026,"How can governments respond to serious corruption when those responsible are beyond the reach of the law?\n\nWeak institutions, political protection or limited law enforcement capacity can make it difficult to investigate or prosecute powerful individuals suspected of corruption. In response, some governments have turned to corruption sanctions.\n\nCorruption sanctions allow governments to impose restrictions on people suspected of serious corruption even without a criminal conviction.\n\nThis Quick Guide introduces corruption sanctions, explains how they work and highlights both their potential and the concerns they raise.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21],[385],"Quick guide","2026-06-02","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fe0094eda-5362-4227-966b-d676340e21be?width=600&height=840",[389,392,395],{"url":390,"caption":391},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-62"," Read related Working Paper",{"url":393,"caption":394},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnode\u002F2968"," See related webinar",{"url":396,"caption":397},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428"," View all Quick Guides",[399],{"url":400,"caption":401},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=386"," View online on LEARN",[403],{"authors_id":404},{"id":405,"name":406},597,"Dr Anton Moiseienko",[408,410,412],{"countries_id":409},{"id":101,"name":102},{"countries_id":411},{"id":65,"name":66},{"countries_id":413},{"id":414,"name":415},14,"Australia",[417,419,421],{"tags_id":418},{"id":120,"name":121},{"tags_id":420},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":422},{"id":423,"name":424},982,"Anti-corruption",[426],2499,[25],"2026-06-04T21:25:14.000Z","2026-06-04T21:40:35.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-43-corruption-sanctions",{"id":432,"slug":433,"title":434,"status":6,"nid":435,"year":436,"body":437,"external":19,"topic":438,"language":15,"type":439,"date_published":441,"image":442,"citation":14,"publisher":443,"link_internal":444,"link_external":445,"authors":449,"countries":452,"tags":455,"pdf":462,"topics":463,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":464,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":465,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":466},2424,"back-action-how-uk-reviving-unexplained-wealth-orders-academy-bulletin","Back in Action: How the UK is reviving unexplained wealth orders (The Academy Bulletin)",2864,2025,"In an article published in the Fall 2025 issue of the Bulletin of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffinancialcrimelitigators.org\u002F\">International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators\u003C\u002Fa>, Andrew Dornbierer explores the revival of unexplained wealth orders (UWOs) in the United Kingdom.\n\nIntroduced in 2017 as a tool to combat the abuse of UK's markets to launder criminal proceeds, the UWO mechanism suffered a severe setback in 2020. After only a handful of attempts to use it, a decision by the High Court effectively left it sprawled on the canvas.\n\nIn the last year or so, however, the mechanism has slowly started to prove itself. Most recently, the UK's Serious Fraud Office – in its first use of the UK's UWO mechanism – secured GBP 1.1 million from the sale of a property belonging to the ex-wife of a convicted fraudster.\n\nThis article offers a short history of UWOs in the UK. It examines how, after a turbulent start and subsequent amendments to the mechanism, UWOs are now back to being used by UK authorities to tackle illicit financial flows. If applied responsibly, proportionately and in harmony with established legal rights, unexplained wealth orders promise to be a powerful tool in the UK’s fight to recover criminal assets.\n\nThis is the fifth issue of The Academy's Bulletin. It has been established to transmit the work of Academy Fellows, draw attention to matters of importance to the legal community and provide high-level analysis of cutting-edge issues in global financial crime investigations and litigation. The Basel Institute on Governance acts as Secretariat to the Academy.",[21],[440],"Article","2025-11-03","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fc313d2fa-3e1c-43ab-b40e-3e418d819df1?width=600&height=840","International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[],[446],{"url":447,"caption":448},"https:\u002F\u002Fedit.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb401d6c9-b0e4-4ab9-ad1f-948c567c6ab3.pdf","Fall 2025 Bulletin of the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[450],{"authors_id":451},{"id":197,"name":198},[453],{"countries_id":454},{"id":101,"name":102},[456,458,460],{"tags_id":457},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":459},{"id":365,"name":366},{"tags_id":461},{"id":135,"name":136},[],[25],"2025-11-03T11:05:50.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fback-action-how-uk-reviving-unexplained-wealth-orders-academy-bulletin",{"id":468,"slug":469,"title":470,"status":6,"nid":471,"year":381,"body":472,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":473,"date_published":475,"image":476,"citation":477,"publisher":17,"link_internal":478,"link_external":485,"authors":492,"countries":499,"tags":504,"pdf":519,"topics":521,"featured":19,"languages":522,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":523,"user_updated":524,"date_updated":525,"main_points":526,"short_version":7,"subtitle":527,"link":528},2441,"cs-13","Case Study 13: The Beauty Queen case: non-conviction based forfeiture across borders",2937,"This Case Study analyses how Colombian authorities recovered assets linked to drug trafficking and held in a trust in Guernsey. It sets out the legal tools and procedures in Colombia and in Guernsey that enabled Colombia’s first international recovery under its non-conviction based forfeiture model _Extinción de dominio_. The Case Study highlights lessons for international cooperation between jurisdictions with different forfeiture systems or even legal traditions.\n\nThe International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance provided technical assistance as part of a Memorandum of Understanding with the General Prosecutor’s Office of Colombia.\n\n[**Download Case Study here**](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-05\u002FCase-Study-13_Beauty-Queen.pdf)\n\nOn 30 November 2023, the Fourth Court of the Specialised Extinción de Dominio Circuit of Colombia ordered the non-conviction based forfeiture of a Guernsey trust account issued by Northern Trust Fiduciary Services (Guernsey) Limited. The beneficiary was María Marcela Serrano Camacho, a Colombian model and former beauty queen.\n\nThe Colombian forfeiture order extinguished property rights over the account – amounting to GBP 361,146 – on the grounds that the funds were the proceeds of drug trafficking offences committed by Efraín Antonio Hernández Ramírez (“Don Efra”), a well-known Colombian drug trafficker, and his former spouse María Serrano in the 1990s.\n\nOn 30 January 2025, following successful mutual legal assistance proceedings between Colombia and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the two jurisdictions concluded an asset sharing agreement for the repatriation of the confiscated assets.\n\nThis marked Colombia’s first successful international recovery through non-conviction based forfeiture.\n\nThis Case Study examines how early and effective coordination between Colombia and Guernsey enabled the identification, freezing, forfeiture and repatriation of the assets. It analyses the legal framework underpinning Colombia's Extinción de dominio regime and how it was applied, leading to the forfeiture of the Guernsey acccount. It also describes the procedural mechanisms used in Guernsey to execute foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders.\n\nThe interaction between the authorities in both jurisdictions offers valuable lessons and examples of good practices.\n\n**Main takeaways of the case:**\n\n- Early and trust-based international cooperation is decisive\n- Non-conviction based forfeiture is indispensable when criminal routes are closed\n- Identifying beneficial ownership is central to effective asset recovery\n- Direct enforcement of foreign forfeiture orders increases efficiency and legal certainty\n- Asset sharing agreements strengthen cooperation incentives\n\nThe Case Study can be read alongside [Policy Brief 16](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-16): \"Enforcing foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders: FATF standards and asset recovery practice in Latin America and financial centres\".\n\n### About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, [ISSN 2813-3900](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies). It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BYNC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F)).\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery.\n\nThis is a publication of the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR receives core funding from the Governments of Jersey, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.\n\n**Disclaimer**: This Case Study is intended for general informational purposes and does not constitute and\u002For substitute legal or other professional advice. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n",[474],"Case Study","2026-03-31","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F6f1661b8-eab6-4ce0-902d-f6c97f85dd29?width=600&height=840","Solórzano, Oscar, and Diana Cordero. 2026. ‘The Beauty Queen case: non-conviction based forfeiture of criminal assets across borders. Lessons learned from Colombia–Guernsey cooperation.’ Case Study 13, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: [baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13).",[479,482],{"url":480,"caption":481},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fcolombiaguernsey-cooperation-leads-to-successful-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-of-illicit-assets-2716","Read related blog",{"url":483,"caption":484},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications","Read related Policy Brief 16",[486,489],{"url":487,"caption":488},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=368","View online on Basel LEARN",{"url":490,"caption":491},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=72","eLearning course: International Cooperation and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters",[493,495],{"authors_id":494},{"id":258,"name":259},{"authors_id":496},{"id":497,"name":498},591,"Diana Cordero",[500],{"countries_id":501},{"id":502,"name":503},47,"Colombia",[505,507,511,513,517],{"tags_id":506},{"id":165,"name":166},{"tags_id":508},{"id":509,"name":510},822,"International cooperation",{"tags_id":512},{"id":365,"name":366},{"tags_id":514},{"id":515,"name":516},1374,"Law enforcement",{"tags_id":518},{"id":150,"name":151},[520],2495,[25],[15],"2026-06-01T22:10:26.000Z","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30","2026-06-02T14:22:13.000Z","- Early and trust-based international cooperation is decisive\n- Non-conviction based forfeiture is indispensable when criminal routes are closed\n- Identifying beneficial ownership is central to effective asset recovery\n- Direct enforcement of foreign forfeiture orders increases efficiency and legal certainty\n- Asset sharing agreements strengthen cooperation incentives","Lessons learned from Colombia–Guernsey cooperation","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13",{"id":530,"slug":531,"title":532,"status":6,"nid":533,"year":436,"body":534,"external":19,"topic":535,"language":15,"type":536,"date_published":538,"image":539,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":540,"link_external":543,"authors":544,"countries":549,"tags":550,"pdf":555,"topics":557,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":558,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":559,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":560},2423,"qg42","Quick Guide 42: Non-conviction based confiscation",2856,"Criminals exploit legal loopholes, borders and other avenues to conceal the proceeds of their illegal activities and evade prosecution. Meanwhile, they use their illicit proceeds to buy luxury villas or increase their power and influence. Victims of crime – including communities affected by corruption – suffer the losses.\n\nOne tool to address this problem is non-conviction based confiscation: legal mechanisms that allow states to recover illicit assets even in the absence of a criminal conviction. It is also known as non-conviction based forfeiture or, in some jurisdictions, civil confiscation or civil forfeiture.\n\nThis Quick Guide outlines in simple terms how non-conviction based confiscation is used, the concerns and challenges it faces and how it can be implemented in line with established legal safeguards.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21],[537],"Quick Guide","2025-10-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa1e40d9b-26cb-4ffc-879f-d7edee80ecbb?width=600&height=840",[541],{"url":542,"caption":397},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide",[],[545],{"authors_id":546},{"id":547,"name":548},553,"Rita Simões",[],[551,553],{"tags_id":552},{"id":165,"name":166},{"tags_id":554},{"id":180,"name":181},[556],2479,[25],"2025-10-16T10:05:33.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:55.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg42",{"id":562,"slug":563,"title":564,"status":6,"nid":565,"year":436,"body":566,"external":19,"topic":567,"language":568,"type":569,"date_published":570,"image":571,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":572,"link_external":578,"authors":582,"countries":585,"tags":586,"pdf":593,"topics":595,"featured":19,"languages":596,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":597,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":329,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":598},2384,"pb-14-fr","Policy Brief 14: Cibler la fortune inexpliquée : Implications de la Directive de l’UE de 2024 relative au recouvrement d'avoirs",2747,"La Directive de l’Union européenne de 2024 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Flegal-content\u002FFR\u002FTXT\u002FHTML\u002F?uri=OJ:L_202401260\">relative au recouvrement et à la confiscation d'avoirs\u003C\u002Fa> oblige les États membres, entre autres, à adopter des mesures législatives pour permettre la confiscation de la « fortune inexpliquée ».\n\nCette Note de politique examine l’article 16 de la Directive qui énonce cette obligation, ainsi que les pouvoirs et restrictions que les États membres devront inclure dans les mesures relatives à la « fortune inexpliquée » pour garantir la conformité à la Directive.\n\nEn bref, cela démontre la grande flexibilité accordée par le texte de la Directive aux États membres pour déterminer le champ d’application de leurs propres mesures en matière de fortune inexpliquée. Au minimum, les États seront requis d’introduire des mesures susceptibles d’être utilisées pour cibler la fortune inexpliquée liée au crime organisé.\n\nCependant, les États membres peuvent toujours décider d’introduire des mesures de plus grande portée ciblant la fortune inexpliquée liée à toutes les activités criminelles, y compris la corruption.\n\n**À propos de cette Note de politique**\n\nLa présente publication fait partie de la série de Notes de politique (Policy Briefs) du Basel Institute on Governance, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>. Elle est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> Licence internationale.\n\nCitation proposée : Dornbierer, Andrew. 2024. « Cibler la fortune inexpliquée : Implications de la Directive de l’UE de 2024 relative au recouvrement d'avoirs. » Note de politique 14, Basel Institute on Governance. Disponible sur: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-14-fr\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-14-fr\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIl s’agit d’une publication de l’International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) au Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR reçoit un financement principal des gouvernements de Jersey, du Liechtenstein, de la Norvège, de la Suisse et du Royaume-Uni.",[21],"French",[300],"2025-01-23","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F726e9035-52eb-4722-ab59-3b33bed7538f?width=600&height=840",[573,576],{"url":574,"caption":575},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-14"," Version anglaise",{"url":305,"caption":577}," Voir tous les Policy Briefs",[579],{"url":580,"caption":581},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=65&lang=fr"," Livre (disponible gratuitement): Enrichissement illicite",[583],{"authors_id":584},{"id":197,"name":198},[],[587,589,591],{"tags_id":588},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":590},{"id":135,"name":136},{"tags_id":592},{"id":270,"name":271},[594],2420,[25],[568],"2025-01-23T17:05:22.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-14-fr",{"id":600,"slug":601,"title":602,"status":6,"nid":603,"year":206,"body":604,"external":19,"topic":605,"language":15,"type":606,"date_published":607,"image":608,"citation":14,"publisher":609,"link_internal":610,"link_external":613,"authors":614,"countries":617,"tags":618,"pdf":623,"topics":625,"featured":19,"languages":626,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":627,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":237,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":628},2347,"quick-guide-30-asset-recovery-legislation-best-practices","Quick Guide 30: Asset recovery legislation – best practices",2622,"Asset recovery tools are integral to combatting corruption, organised crime, sanctions evasion and other profit-motivated crimes. However, in many states, the range of asset recovery tools available to law enforcement and criminal justice agencies is limited. \n\nThis quick guide examines the established good practices in asset recovery legislation as well as less conventional, broader measures. It shows how states can widen their asset recovery toolkit and increase the potential for asset recovery success. \n\nIt is drawn from a comparative study of good practices in asset recovery legislation in selected Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) participating States, published as Working Paper 51 in March 2024 by the Basel Institute on Governance and OSCE. \n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nThis work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21],[537],"2024-05-07","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fafbbcd0b-c295-4832-83bf-742d000ed004?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance ",[611],{"url":238,"caption":612}," View full Working Paper 51",[],[615],{"authors_id":616},{"id":197,"name":198},[],[619,621],{"tags_id":620},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":622},{"id":165,"name":166},[624],2386,[25],[15],"2024-05-07T10:05:12.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-30-asset-recovery-legislation-best-practices",1780676590977]