[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":555},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-working-paper-16-social-accountability-and-its-conceptual-challenges":3,"related-working-paper-16-social-accountability-and-its-conceptual-challenges":157},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":22,"link_external":26,"featured":19,"topics":27,"languages":29,"type":30,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":32,"countries":43,"tags":44,"pdf":101,"authors":123},2093,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:56:56.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:46.000Z",62,"working-paper-16-social-accountability-and-its-conceptual-challenges","Working Paper 16: Social accountability and its conceptual challenges","Social accountability has become a favoured approach among most major multilateral and bilateral donors to develop grass roots mechanisms for democratic governance. In a successful scenario, citizen participation can promote more responsive governments and better provision of basic services by linking users’ feedback to the policy design, implementation and monitoring activities typically undertaken by the state.\n\nHowever, there is a lack of agreement about which specific types of social accountability interventions yield the best results and what are the causal pathways that are critical to generate positive changes. This paper presents an analytical framework that identifies the key components that are required to exercise effective direct accountability and provides a blueprint to assess social accountability initiatives.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper appeared in eucrim, the European Criminal Law Associations’ Forum, 2013\u002F2, published by Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, c\u002Fo Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, Freiburg i. B., Germany.\n\nThis paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fpublications?type[]=255\">ISSN: 2624-9650\u003C\u002Fa>.","Baez Camargo, C., Jacobs, E. (2013).'Social Accountability and its Conceptual Challenges'. Working Paper 16, Basel Institute on Governance","English",2013,"Basel Institute on Governance","2013-02-01",false,[21],"Public Governance",[23],{"url":24,"caption":25},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[28],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],[31],"Working Paper",{"id":33,"storage":34,"filename_disk":35,"filename_download":36,"title":37,"type":38,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":39,"width":40,"height":41,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":42,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"d042d666-cefd-47c9-8a6b-f6be49d09a8c","local","d042d666-cefd-47c9-8a6b-f6be49d09a8c.jpg","Pages-from-biog-working-paper-16.jpg","Working Paper 16","image\u002Fjpeg",123078,1654,2339,{},[],[45,69,85],{"id":46,"publications_id":47,"tags_id":66},4078,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":50,"link_internal":51,"link_external":53,"featured":19,"topics":54,"languages":55,"type":56,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":57,"tags":58,"pdf":61,"authors":63},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21],[52],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31],[],[46,59,60],5129,5130,[62],2139,[64,65],2304,2305,{"id":67,"name":68},973,"Corruption",{"id":59,"publications_id":70,"tags_id":82},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":71,"link_internal":72,"link_external":74,"featured":19,"topics":75,"languages":76,"type":77,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":78,"tags":79,"pdf":80,"authors":81},[21],[73],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31],[],[46,59,60],[62],[64,65],{"id":83,"name":84},848,"Behavioural science",{"id":60,"publications_id":86,"tags_id":98},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":87,"link_internal":88,"link_external":90,"featured":19,"topics":91,"languages":92,"type":93,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":94,"tags":95,"pdf":96,"authors":97},[21],[89],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31],[],[46,59,60],[62],[64,65],{"id":99,"name":100},1375,"Civil society",[102],{"id":62,"publications_id":103,"directus_files_id":115},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":104,"link_internal":105,"link_external":107,"featured":19,"topics":108,"languages":109,"type":110,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":111,"tags":112,"pdf":113,"authors":114},[21],[106],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31],[],[46,59,60],[62],[64,65],{"id":116,"storage":34,"filename_disk":117,"filename_download":118,"title":118,"type":119,"folder":120,"uploaded_by":48,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":121,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":122,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"fef44d5f-7fb5-425f-b3bd-d56c7066c8c3","fef44d5f-7fb5-425f-b3bd-d56c7066c8c3.pdf","biog-working-paper-16.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",197765,"View PDF",[124,141],{"id":64,"publications_id":125,"authors_id":137},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":126,"link_internal":127,"link_external":129,"featured":19,"topics":130,"languages":131,"type":132,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":133,"tags":134,"pdf":135,"authors":136},[21],[128],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31],[],[46,59,60],[62],[64,65],{"id":138,"name":139,"position":7,"image":140},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo","efaca248-6b57-4e2e-af40-614056eb022c",{"id":65,"publications_id":142,"authors_id":154},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":143,"link_internal":144,"link_external":146,"featured":19,"topics":147,"languages":148,"type":149,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":150,"tags":151,"pdf":152,"authors":153},[21],[145],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31],[],[46,59,60],[62],[64,65],{"id":155,"name":156,"position":7,"image":7},375,"Eelco Jacobs",[158,199,244,280,311,360,401,439,467,502],{"id":159,"slug":160,"title":161,"status":6,"nid":162,"year":163,"body":164,"external":19,"topic":165,"language":15,"type":166,"date_published":168,"image":169,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":171,"link_external":172,"authors":173,"countries":178,"tags":183,"pdf":192,"topics":194,"featured":19,"languages":195,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":196,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":197,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":198},1801,"gendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female","Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi",2040,2021,"This report offers an initial insight into the problem of gendered corruption, including sextortion and so-called double bribery, based on interviews with 19 businesswomen in Malawi. Part of a wider research project into procurement corruption, the interviews aimed to explore the extent of gendered corruption as a coercive form of social exchange, as well as the role of informal corrupt networks in magnifying gender-specific inequalities.\n\nThough based on a small sample in one particular context, the findings indicate that more research into this topic is urgently needed globally with a view to mainstreaming sexual corruption into anti-corruption programming. Initial findings indicate that:\n\n\n- Sextortion, forced sexual favours, \"double bribery\" and other forms of sexual corruption are perceived to be widespread in Malawi. \n- Women's risk of being subjected to sexual corruption increases in informal network settings, such as those in which business takes place.\n- Socio-economic factors and gender-imbalanced power dynamics play an important role in enabling sexual corruption to take place with impunity.\n- Trustworthy reporting and support mechanisms for sexual corruption are said to be lacking. \n- Existing female-only business self-help groups could provide a strong base for enabling women to address issues of sexual corruption and related gendered violence. \n\n\nOverall, there is a great need for more research and policy attention globally to gendered corruption and related issues that still remain – tragically – hidden from view or considered as normal. \n\n### About this publication\n\nThe research underpinning this report has been undertaken in support of the Tackling Serious and Organised Crime (TSOC) programme in Malawi, which is funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Stahl, C., 2021. *Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi.* Basel Institute on Governance, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-in…\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21],[167],"Report","2021-06-28","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5b923df6-8ac9-4ee3-8161-d9b3fe92ac9a?width=600&height=840","",[],[],[174],{"authors_id":175},{"id":176,"name":177},354,"Cosimo Stahl",[179],{"countries_id":180},{"id":181,"name":182},153,"Malawi",[184,186,188],{"tags_id":185},{"id":67,"name":68},{"tags_id":187},{"id":83,"name":84},{"tags_id":189},{"id":190,"name":191},1309,"Informality",[193],1836,[28],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:45.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:42.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female",{"id":200,"slug":201,"title":202,"status":6,"nid":203,"year":204,"body":205,"external":19,"topic":206,"language":15,"type":209,"date_published":211,"image":212,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":213,"link_external":223,"authors":224,"countries":229,"tags":230,"pdf":235,"topics":237,"featured":239,"languages":240,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":241,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":242,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":243},2387,"qg35","Quick Guide 35: Sexual corruption",2745,2025,"Sexual corruption is a serious and under-recognised form of both corruption and sexual abuse. A particularly harmful form of corruption, it is difficult to measure and prosecute, and can have devastating physical and psychological impacts on survivors\u002Fvictims.\n\nAs it disproportionately affects women and marginalised groups, sexual corruption has an important impact on the advancement of gender equality and minority rights.\n\nThis Quick Guide explains the basics of sexual corruption: what it is, its prevalence and why it persists. It takes a brief look at strategies to combat sexual corruption, with a focus on challenging the underlying social norms that help to sustain it.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[207,208],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[210],"Quick Guide","2025-01-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Feaef85d0-af6f-4484-8800-2c0fb0bfb039?width=600&height=840",[214,217,220],{"url":215,"caption":216},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",{"url":218,"caption":219},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-10-social-norms-and-corruption","For more on social norms, see our Quick Guide 10: Social norms and corruption",{"url":221,"caption":222},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-6","For more on the prevalence of sexual corruption, see Research Case Study 6: Sextortion – an unaddressed form of corruption and sexual abuse",[],[225],{"authors_id":226},{"id":227,"name":228},557,"Jude Schönberg",[],[231,233],{"tags_id":232},{"id":67,"name":68},{"tags_id":234},{"id":83,"name":84},[236],2426,[238],"Prevention Research and Innovation",true,[15],"2025-01-27T11:05:26.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:50.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg35",{"id":245,"slug":246,"title":247,"status":6,"nid":248,"year":249,"body":250,"external":19,"topic":251,"language":15,"type":252,"date_published":253,"image":254,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":255,"link_external":257,"authors":258,"countries":265,"tags":266,"pdf":273,"topics":275,"featured":19,"languages":276,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":277,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":278,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":279},2291,"wp-45","Working Paper 45: Strategic anti-corruption communications – Guidance for behaviour change interventions",2462,2023,"This Working Paper is intended to guide practitioners who are seeking to complement conventional anti-corruption measures by adopting a behavioural communications approach.\n\nIt aims to connect a typology of anti-corruption messages with behavioural change theories, and discuss their impact.\n\nSubsequently, it suggests practical implications for designing anti-corruption communication as part of behaviour change interventions. This includes outlining how to develop a robust Theory of Change as a means to enhance the success of such efforts.  \n\nThe guidance is based on a review of seven key topically pertinent studies that have been recently published. \n\n### About this paper\n\nThis publication is prepared as guidance for the USAID Indonesia Integrity Initiative (USAID INTEGRITAS).\n\nThis study is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of the Basel Institute on Governance and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.\n\n### Open-access licence and citation\n\nThe publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish the Working Paper under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nSuggested citation: Baez-Camargo, Claudia, and Johanna Schönberg. 2023. ‘Strategic anti-corruption communications: a resource for practitioners.’ Working Paper 45, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-45\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-45\u003C\u002Fa>",[21],[31],"2023-06-13","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9472f8db-b06d-4af5-94ef-68380ff513f7?width=600&height=840",[256],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[259,261],{"authors_id":260},{"id":138,"name":139},{"authors_id":262},{"id":263,"name":264},524,"Johanna Schönberg",[],[267,269],{"tags_id":268},{"id":83,"name":84},{"tags_id":270},{"id":271,"name":272},982,"Anti-corruption",[274],2328,[28],[15],"2023-06-19T09:56:33.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:07.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-45",{"id":281,"slug":282,"title":283,"status":6,"nid":284,"year":285,"body":286,"external":19,"topic":287,"language":15,"type":288,"date_published":289,"image":290,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":291,"link_external":292,"authors":293,"countries":296,"tags":301,"pdf":304,"topics":306,"featured":19,"languages":307,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":308,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":309,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":310},2217,"wp-40","Working Paper 40: Developing anti-corruption interventions addressing social norms: Lessons from a field pilot in Tanzania",2249,2022,"This Working Paper provides guidance on developing anti-corruption interventions based on a Social Norms and Behaviour Change (SNBC) approach. Still a relatively nascent field, SNBC interventions typically address social norms that make corruption acceptable or expected, and attempt to influence behaviours away from corrupt practices. \n\nThe guidance is based on lessons learned from a largely successful pilot project in Tanzania that targeted social norms fuelling bribery (\"gift giving\") in health facilities and attempted to change the behaviours of both health care providers and users away from exchanging gifts. Survey results showed a 14–44% decrease in gift-giving intentions, attitudes and positive beliefs among hospital users following the pilot intervention.\n\nThe guidance covers:\n\n\n- How to identify when a SNBC approach is suitable\n- Essential background research needed to design anti-corruption SNBC interventions\n- Frameworks to formulate theories of change\n- Specific elements to build into SNBC interventions\n- What practitioners should expect when embarking on an SNBC intervention\n- Ways they can help build evidence and understanding of SNBC approaches in the anti-corruption field.\n\n\n### About and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication was supported by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The contents of this publication do not represent the official position of either BMZ or GIZ.\n\nThe pilot intervention that serves as the basis for most of the reflections included in this document was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government.\n\n### Open-access licence and citation\n\nThe publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Baez Camargo, Claudia. 2022. “Developing anti-corruption interventions addressing social norms: Lessons from a field pilot in Tanzania.” *Working Paper *40, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-40\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-40\u003C\u002Fa>",[21],[31],"2022-07-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff47a13f2-602b-40cd-878e-7c73305990a7?width=600&height=840",[],[],[294],{"authors_id":295},{"id":138,"name":139},[297],{"countries_id":298},{"id":299,"name":300},224,"Tanzania",[302],{"tags_id":303},{"id":83,"name":84},[305],2256,[28],[15],"2022-08-14T19:40:44.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-40",{"id":312,"slug":313,"title":314,"status":6,"nid":315,"year":163,"body":316,"external":19,"topic":317,"language":15,"type":320,"date_published":321,"image":322,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":323,"link_external":328,"authors":329,"countries":334,"tags":335,"pdf":352,"topics":354,"featured":19,"languages":356,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":357,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":358,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":359},1798,"working-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes","Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography",2050,"This working paper is based on an empirical investigation of corruption and illicit exchange related to the so-called “Lava Jato” or “Odebrecht” scandal. Focusing on former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and his laundering of bribes obtained from the construction giant Odebrecht, the analysis aims to test the usefulness of applying a network lens to better understand the mechanisms underlying grand corruption cases. It also aims to further illuminate the nexus between corruption and money laundering and the role of hidden and offshore financial infrastructures in facilitating the illicit schemes. \n\nThe research used a combination of social network analysis and network ethnography techniques to explore the following questions: \n\n\n- How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? \n- Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact and what is their division of labour? \n- How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? \n\n\nAnswering these questions with empirical evidence related to a specific case makes it possible to better understand how the connection between corruption and money laundering using offshore financial infrastructure works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon. \n\n### About this report\n\nThis paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=255\">ISSN: 2624-9650\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). \n\nSuggested citation: Costa, J., 2021. *Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography*. Working Paper 36, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-net…\u003C\u002Fa>",[318,319,21],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery",[167,31],"2021-07-08","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb9766eed-37a9-40e2-97d0-3b05e149b633?width=600&height=840",[324,327],{"url":325,"caption":326},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-analysis-of-the-toledo-odebrecht-case-illuminates-the-complex-transnational-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes-2051"," Summary \u002F blog by author",{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[330],{"authors_id":331},{"id":332,"name":333},304,"Jacopo Costa",[],[336,340,342,346,350],{"tags_id":337},{"id":338,"name":339},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":341},{"id":190,"name":191},{"tags_id":343},{"id":344,"name":345},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"tags_id":347},{"id":348,"name":349},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":351},{"id":67,"name":68},[353],1833,[318,355,28],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:43.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:41.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes",{"id":361,"slug":362,"title":363,"status":6,"nid":364,"year":249,"body":365,"external":19,"topic":366,"language":15,"type":367,"date_published":369,"image":370,"citation":371,"publisher":17,"link_internal":372,"link_external":376,"authors":377,"countries":384,"tags":387,"pdf":394,"topics":396,"featured":19,"languages":397,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":398,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":399,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":400},2324,"research-case-5","Research Case Study 5: Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption",2550,"Social norms and behaviour change (SNBC) approaches are a promising complement to conventional anti-corruption strategies. Adopting a context-sensitive and nuanced approach is an essential ingredient for success.\n\nWe wanted to understand if and how behavioural approaches can promote anti-corruption outcomes, as well as conditions for success.\n\nTo do this we reviewed research from 2016–2022 on the use of behavioural approaches in anti-corruption practice. We also analysed our practical experience designing and piloting an intervention to tackle social norms of reciprocity which fuel bribery in health facilities in Tanzania.",[21],[368],"Research Case Study","2023-12-05","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa4b5e14a-9841-4feb-8411-335c9f972aba?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Saba Kassa. 2023. ‘Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption.’ Research Case Study 5, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgov- ernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-5.",[373],{"url":374,"caption":375},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Research%20Case%20Study"," View all research case studies",[],[378,380],{"authors_id":379},{"id":138,"name":139},{"authors_id":381},{"id":382,"name":383},303,"Saba Kassa",[385],{"countries_id":386},{"id":299,"name":300},[388,390,392],{"tags_id":389},{"id":83,"name":84},{"tags_id":391},{"id":190,"name":191},{"tags_id":393},{"id":271,"name":272},[395],2360,[28],[15],"2023-12-06T11:04:47.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:43.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-5",{"id":402,"slug":403,"title":404,"status":6,"nid":405,"year":249,"body":406,"external":19,"topic":407,"language":15,"type":408,"date_published":409,"image":410,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":411,"link_external":412,"authors":413,"countries":420,"tags":427,"pdf":432,"topics":434,"featured":19,"languages":435,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":436,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":437,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":438},2278,"research-case-2","Research case study 2: Leveraging informal networks for anti-corruption in East Africa",2432,"Citizens and business people may invest significant time and money in building informal networks with public officials to overcome public service delivery shortcomings and access business opportunities. Understanding these networks better can strengthen anti-corruption efforts.\n\nThis research case study gives a brief overview of our Public Governance team's research in Uganda and Tanzania. Through interviews, the team explored when, how and why informal networks are built and used to access public services or business opportunities corruptly.\n\nThe research project described was carried out under the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. All results are freely shareable under a Creative Commons licence.",[21],[368],"2023-05-17","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7d1b37bc-c9a9-458b-9b5c-5e140061e6dd?width=600&height=840",[],[],[414,416,418],{"authors_id":415},{"id":138,"name":139},{"authors_id":417},{"id":382,"name":383},{"authors_id":419},{"id":332,"name":333},[421,425],{"countries_id":422},{"id":423,"name":424},226,"Uganda",{"countries_id":426},{"id":299,"name":300},[428,430],{"tags_id":429},{"id":83,"name":84},{"tags_id":431},{"id":190,"name":191},[433],2314,[28],[15],"2023-05-17T10:04:49.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:11.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-2",{"id":440,"slug":441,"title":442,"status":6,"nid":443,"year":285,"body":444,"external":19,"topic":445,"language":15,"type":446,"date_published":447,"image":448,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":449,"link_external":450,"authors":451,"countries":454,"tags":455,"pdf":460,"topics":462,"featured":19,"languages":463,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":464,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":465,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":466},2234,"behavioural-insights-and-anti-corruption","Behavioural insights and anti-corruption: Executive summary of a practitioner-tailored review of the latest evidence (2016–2022)",2267,"Donors, governments and anti-corruption practitioners seeking alternative tools to address systemic corruption are increasingly turning to behavioural science. Behavioural anti-corruption approaches appear promising because they respond to a growing body of descriptive evidence on how certain social norms and mental models drive corruption, particularly in fragile contexts. Interventions that target social norms and seek to shift people’s behaviours away from corrupt practices could be more effective and long-lasting than ones that, for example, simply add more regulations and controls.\n\nYet few large-scale anti-corruption programmes have so far been informed by behavioural insights – in part due to a lack of evidence on where such an approach would be appropriate, what works and what doesn’t. \n\nThat evidence is slowly becoming available, thanks to an increase in the past five years in what can be called Social Norms and Behaviour Change (SNBC) intervention studies. Many have yielded positive effects and demonstrate the potential of SNBC interventions to tackle systemic corruption, but some studies have encountered counterproductive effects of anti-corruption messaging. \n\nBased on a synthesis of the evidence, this brief paper summarises a set of behavioural explanations (i.e. insights and pitfalls) for why some of these SNBC approaches have failed, while others have been effective. The aim is to provide practitioners designing SNBC interventions with evidence to help them develop effective programmes and avoid common pitfalls.\n\nThe full research paper and analysis tables are available to practitioners upon request. Please email \u003Ca href=\"mailto:info@baselgovernance.org\">info@baselgovernance.org\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\n### Acknowledgements and open-access licence\n\nThe publication is a technical report published by the Basel Institute on Governance. It is free to share under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>) licence.\n\nThis is a short version of a substantial in-depth review of the latest evidence (2016-21) on how SNBC approaches can inform anti-corruption practice. The publication was supported by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The contents of this publication do not represent the official position of either BMZ or GIZ.",[21],[167],"2022-10-10","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fbebee1ea-a781-4771-8ec0-b9e473e302c8?width=600&height=840",[],[],[452],{"authors_id":453},{"id":176,"name":177},[],[456,458],{"tags_id":457},{"id":271,"name":272},{"tags_id":459},{"id":83,"name":84},[461],2276,[28],[15],"2022-10-10T16:04:11.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:08.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fbehavioural-insights-and-anti-corruption",{"id":468,"slug":469,"title":470,"status":6,"nid":471,"year":285,"body":472,"external":19,"topic":473,"language":15,"type":474,"date_published":475,"image":476,"citation":170,"publisher":17,"link_internal":477,"link_external":483,"authors":484,"countries":489,"tags":492,"pdf":495,"topics":497,"featured":19,"languages":498,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":499,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":500,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":501},2228,"adopting-peer-led-approach-disseminate-anti-corruption-messages-results-network-survey","Adopting a peer-led approach to disseminate anti-corruption messages: Results of the network survey",2266,"This report relates to the research project \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Ftanzhealth\u002F\">Addressing bribery in the Tanzanian health sector: A behavioural approach\u003C\u002Fa>. As part of the project, a pilot behavioural intervention was implemented at a Tanzanian hospital that aimed to shift hospital users’ and health providers’ attitudes and perceived social norms around gift-giving. It also aimed to reduce actual exchanges of gifts.\n\nThe report complements the final technical report from the project, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002FTZ-giftgiving\">Using behavioural insights to reduce gift giving in a Tanzanian public hospital\u003C\u002Fa>, by providing details about the use of social network analysis (SNA) to assess how the information about the intervention was disseminated through the hospital. \n\nIt provides a breakdown of results, the questionnaire used in the surveys, and methodological notes for future studies.\n\nThe research project as a whole was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. The project implementation was a collaboration between the Basel Institute on Governance, the UK Behavioural Insights Team, the University of Dar es Salam and the University of Utrecht.\n\nThe technical report is free to share under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence.",[21],[167],"2022-09-08","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F1362ac97-afa2-498c-8376-88b4f37a6818?width=600&height=840",[478,481],{"url":479,"caption":480},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002FTZ-giftgiving"," See related technical report: Using behavioural insights to reduce gift giving in a Tanzanian public hospital: Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation",{"url":310,"caption":482}," See related Working Paper: Developing anti-corruption interventions addressing social norms: Lessons from a field pilot in Tanzania",[],[485],{"authors_id":486},{"id":487,"name":488},509,"Tobias Stark",[490],{"countries_id":491},{"id":299,"name":300},[493],{"tags_id":494},{"id":83,"name":84},[496],2268,[28],[15],"2022-09-08T10:04:07.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fadopting-peer-led-approach-disseminate-anti-corruption-messages-results-network-survey",{"id":503,"slug":504,"title":505,"status":6,"nid":506,"year":285,"body":507,"external":19,"topic":508,"language":15,"type":509,"date_published":511,"image":512,"citation":170,"publisher":513,"link_internal":514,"link_external":524,"authors":528,"countries":537,"tags":542,"pdf":549,"topics":550,"featured":19,"languages":551,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":552,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":553,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":554},2221,"informal-networks-investment-qualitative-analysis-uganda-and-tanzania","Informal networks as investment: A qualitative analysis from Uganda and Tanzania",2277,"Published in the peer-reviewed journal *Governance*, this paper interprets informal networks as investments made by citizens and business people to cope with the public sphere. Informal networks often orchestrate corruption, connecting public and private actors. The paper aims to understand their key characteristics, scopes, and functional roles.\n\nTen mini case studies from Tanzania and Uganda are studied. The research applies narrative analysis to explore the experiences of citizens, entrepreneurs, and low-level public officials, who built informal networks as a problem-solving mechanism. It uses a grounded theory approach. The findings serve as working hypotheses about variables and patterns emerging from the bottom-up analysis.\n\nThe paper outlines:\n\n\n- Whether there are distinct types of informal networks associated with particular types of corruption;\n- How, why and by whom these networks are built;\n- Whether different individuals play specific roles;\n- The unwritten expectations and norms that govern such networks.\n\n\nThe results highlight critical implications for anti-corruption practice, showing, for example, how this can be strengthened by shifting the intervention unit from individuals to networks.\n\n### About this article\n\nThis peer-reviewed article is based on extensive field research and analysis conducted by the Basel Institute's Public Governance team in Tanzania and Uganda. The research was funded by UK Aid under the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence (GI-ACE) programme. See the links below for the open-access research outputs, including a full research report and two sets of case studies.",[21],[510],"Article","2022-08-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F1771fed4-0a6d-4050-88ce-494e877fab4e?width=600&height=840","Governance (Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the IPSA Structure and Organization of Government Committee)",[515,518,521],{"url":516,"caption":517},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-networks-investment-east-africa"," View open access research report: Informal networks as investment in East Africa",{"url":519,"caption":520},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-studies-tanzania-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption"," View case studies from Tanzania",{"url":522,"caption":523},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-studies-uganda-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption"," View case studies from Uganda",[525],{"url":526,"caption":527},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fgove.12726","View peer-reviewed article on Wiley Online Library",[529,531,533],{"authors_id":530},{"id":138,"name":139},{"authors_id":532},{"id":332,"name":333},{"authors_id":534},{"id":535,"name":536},359,"Lucy Koechlin",[538,540],{"countries_id":539},{"id":299,"name":300},{"countries_id":541},{"id":423,"name":424},[543,545,547],{"tags_id":544},{"id":271,"name":272},{"tags_id":546},{"id":83,"name":84},{"tags_id":548},{"id":190,"name":191},[],[28],[15],"2022-09-06T14:10:21.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:59.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-networks-investment-qualitative-analysis-uganda-and-tanzania",1780676539764]