[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":591},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-when-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic":3,"related-when-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic":116},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":23,"link_external":24,"featured":19,"topics":28,"languages":7,"type":30,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":32,"countries":43,"tags":68,"pdf":84,"authors":85},2402,"published",null,"2025-04-30T10:05:28.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:05.000Z",2801,"when-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic","When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse","A new peer-reviewed journal article looks into how corruption undermines democracies, with a specific focus on a context of weak governance.\n\n### Abstract\n\nMuch attention on strategic corruption has focused on how corruption can be weaponised to undermine democracy. This article takes a different angle, namely to understand this phenomenon from the perspective of the country that is the “target” of strategic corruption in a context of weak governance. The focus is on Sudan, where, in 2019, the civilian-military government led by Prime Minister Hamdok began an ambitious transition to democratic governance and adopting anti-corruption reforms, but this transition ended in 2023 with state collapse and conflict.\n\nUsing desk research and media analysis, the article explains the key points of contention among key actors and how external actors, through strategic corruption, became part of this story, ultimately helping to perpetuate the negative downward cycle.\n\nCritically, rather than framing countries in the Global South as passive victims of strategic corruption, the analysis shows that political actors are active antagonists and, in their efforts to resist reform, build alliances with external actors who can help them achieve their goals. What is exchanged is access to valuable resources, which fuels corruption and undermines governance.\n\n","Karar, H., & Kassa, S. (2025). When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse. *Public Integrity*, 1–14. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\">https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\u003C\u002Fa>","English",2025,"Public Integrity (Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group)","2025-04-29",false,[21,22],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[],[25],{"url":26,"caption":27},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910","View article on publisher website",[29],"Prevention Research and Innovation",[31],"Article",{"id":33,"storage":34,"filename_disk":35,"filename_download":36,"title":37,"type":38,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":39,"width":40,"height":41,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":42,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"5a1b9c44-e361-4428-92ae-3f1c5d75e750","local","5a1b9c44-e361-4428-92ae-3f1c5d75e750.jpg?itok=0U-TjtlM","Routledge-The-Impact-of-Strategic-Corruption-on-Sudan-s-Democratic-Collapse-cover.jpg?itok=0U-TjtlM","Routledge_The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan s Democratic Collapse_cover.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",28191,500,657,{},[44],{"id":45,"publications_id":46,"countries_id":62},1136,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":8,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":49,"link_internal":50,"link_external":51,"featured":19,"topics":53,"languages":7,"type":54,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":55,"tags":56,"pdf":58,"authors":59},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[],[52],{"url":26,"caption":27},[29],[31],[45],[57],4725,[],[60,61],2598,2599,{"id":63,"name":64,"code":65,"latitude":66,"longitude":67},193,"Sudan","SD",12.86281,30.21764,[69],{"id":57,"publications_id":70,"tags_id":81},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":8,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":71,"link_internal":72,"link_external":73,"featured":19,"topics":75,"languages":7,"type":76,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":77,"tags":78,"pdf":79,"authors":80},[21,22],[],[74],{"url":26,"caption":27},[29],[31],[45],[57],[],[60,61],{"id":82,"name":83},973,"Corruption",[],[86,101],{"id":60,"publications_id":87,"authors_id":98},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":8,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":88,"link_internal":89,"link_external":90,"featured":19,"topics":92,"languages":7,"type":93,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":94,"tags":95,"pdf":96,"authors":97},[21,22],[],[91],{"url":26,"caption":27},[29],[31],[45],[57],[],[60,61],{"id":99,"name":100,"position":7,"image":7},559,"Dr Saba Kassa",{"id":61,"publications_id":102,"authors_id":113},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":8,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":33,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":103,"link_internal":104,"link_external":105,"featured":19,"topics":107,"languages":7,"type":108,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":109,"tags":110,"pdf":111,"authors":112},[21,22],[],[106],{"url":26,"caption":27},[29],[31],[45],[57],[],[60,61],{"id":114,"name":115,"position":7,"image":7},563,"Haytham Karar",[117,166,205,243,281,332,399,444,494,547],{"id":118,"slug":119,"title":120,"status":6,"nid":121,"year":16,"body":122,"external":19,"topic":123,"language":15,"type":124,"date_published":126,"image":127,"citation":128,"publisher":129,"link_internal":130,"link_external":134,"authors":135,"countries":142,"tags":143,"pdf":158,"topics":160,"featured":161,"languages":162,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":163,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":164,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":165},2393,"qg38","Quick Guide 38: Border corruption",2766,"Border corruption – defined simply as an illegal exchange between border officials and private actors – is a complex phenomenon with serious impacts on safety, health and security. And stopping it isn’t as easy as just stepping up enforcement.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers the what, who and why of border corruption. It is based on deep research for the EU-funded \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Ffalcon-takes-basel-institute-contribute-anti-corruption-expertise-eu-research-project\">FALCON project\u003C\u002Fa>. More such research is needed to help design effective strategies to prevent corruption from undermining border security.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[125],"Quick Guide","2025-02-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F527d8fca-b273-4fce-aa2f-d58c09b6f41b?width=600&height=840","","Basel Institute on Governance",[131],{"url":132,"caption":133},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[],[136,140],{"authors_id":137},{"id":138,"name":139},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":141},{"id":99,"name":100},[],[144,148,152,154],{"tags_id":145},{"id":146,"name":147},859,"Corruption risks",{"tags_id":149},{"id":150,"name":151},967,"Organised crime",{"tags_id":153},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":155},{"id":156,"name":157},1374,"Law enforcement",[159],2434,[29],true,[15],"2025-02-27T11:05:31.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:51.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg38",{"id":167,"slug":168,"title":169,"status":6,"nid":170,"year":16,"body":171,"external":19,"topic":172,"language":15,"type":173,"date_published":174,"image":175,"citation":128,"publisher":129,"link_internal":176,"link_external":181,"authors":182,"countries":189,"tags":190,"pdf":197,"topics":200,"featured":161,"languages":201,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":202,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":203,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":204},2388,"qg37","Quick Guide 37: Strategic corruption",2757,"This quick guide is the second in a two-part series on the tangible yet under-addressed impacts of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36\">corruption on security\u003C\u002Fa> and the complex power dynamics at play.\n\nThis second guide goes deeper into a specific security threat: when states use corruption to gain power and influence over other states and even as a geopolitical tool.\n\nIt looks at common features characterising strategic corruption cases, explores what is *strategic* about it and what this means for governance and security. It highlights the usefulness of “strategic corruption” as an analytical concept, but also urges caution in using it to guide domestic security or foreign policy decisions, or approaches to countering corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[125],"2025-02-10","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa55015c6-0d4a-467c-a507-41fff2ecc82f?width=600&height=840",[177,180],{"url":178,"caption":179},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36"," View related Quick Guide to corruption and security",{"url":132,"caption":133},[],[183,185],{"authors_id":184},{"id":99,"name":100},{"authors_id":186},{"id":187,"name":188},296,"Monica Guy",[],[191,193],{"tags_id":192},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":194},{"id":195,"name":196},1376,"Defence and security",[198,199],2439,2440,[29],[15],"2025-02-10T11:05:55.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:50.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg37",{"id":206,"slug":207,"title":208,"status":6,"nid":209,"year":16,"body":210,"external":19,"topic":211,"language":15,"type":212,"date_published":213,"image":214,"citation":128,"publisher":129,"link_internal":215,"link_external":219,"authors":220,"countries":225,"tags":226,"pdf":237,"topics":240,"featured":161,"languages":241,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":242,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":164,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":178},2389,"qg36","Quick Guide 36: Corruption and security",2756,"How does corruption threaten national and international security, both directly and indirectly? Can viewing it through the lens of power offer deeper insights? And what might we achieve by framing corruption as a security concern?\n\nThis quick guide gives a short introduction to this complex issue as part of a two-part series on corruption, security and strategic corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[125],"2025-02-09","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7b63372a-9595-47eb-8bb8-88a3df6b9912?width=600&height=840",[216,218],{"url":204,"caption":217}," View related Quick Guide to strategic corruption",{"url":132,"caption":133},[],[221,223],{"authors_id":222},{"id":99,"name":100},{"authors_id":224},{"id":187,"name":188},[],[227,231,233,235],{"tags_id":228},{"id":229,"name":230},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":232},{"id":150,"name":151},{"tags_id":234},{"id":195,"name":196},{"tags_id":236},{"id":82,"name":83},[238,239],2429,2430,[29],[15],"2025-02-10T11:05:56.000Z",{"id":244,"slug":245,"title":246,"status":6,"nid":247,"year":16,"body":248,"external":19,"topic":249,"language":15,"type":250,"date_published":251,"image":252,"citation":128,"publisher":129,"link_internal":253,"link_external":261,"authors":262,"countries":267,"tags":268,"pdf":275,"topics":277,"featured":161,"languages":278,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":279,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":203,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":280},2387,"qg35","Quick Guide 35: Sexual corruption",2745,"Sexual corruption is a serious and under-recognised form of both corruption and sexual abuse. A particularly harmful form of corruption, it is difficult to measure and prosecute, and can have devastating physical and psychological impacts on survivors\u002Fvictims.\n\nAs it disproportionately affects women and marginalised groups, sexual corruption has an important impact on the advancement of gender equality and minority rights.\n\nThis Quick Guide explains the basics of sexual corruption: what it is, its prevalence and why it persists. It takes a brief look at strategies to combat sexual corruption, with a focus on challenging the underlying social norms that help to sustain it.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[125],"2025-01-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Feaef85d0-af6f-4484-8800-2c0fb0bfb039?width=600&height=840",[254,255,258],{"url":132,"caption":133},{"url":256,"caption":257},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-10-social-norms-and-corruption","For more on social norms, see our Quick Guide 10: Social norms and corruption",{"url":259,"caption":260},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-6","For more on the prevalence of sexual corruption, see Research Case Study 6: Sextortion – an unaddressed form of corruption and sexual abuse",[],[263],{"authors_id":264},{"id":265,"name":266},557,"Jude Schönberg",[],[269,271],{"tags_id":270},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":272},{"id":273,"name":274},848,"Behavioural science",[276],2426,[29],[15],"2025-01-27T11:05:26.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg35",{"id":282,"slug":283,"title":284,"status":6,"nid":285,"year":286,"body":287,"external":19,"topic":288,"language":15,"type":291,"date_published":292,"image":293,"citation":128,"publisher":294,"link_internal":295,"link_external":302,"authors":309,"countries":314,"tags":315,"pdf":324,"topics":325,"featured":19,"languages":328,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":329,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":330,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":331},1764,"nexus-between-corruption-and-money-laundering-deconstructing-toledo-odebrecht-network","The nexus between corruption and money laundering: deconstructing the Toledo‑Odebrecht network in Peru",2168,2022,"The paper targets the nexus between corruption and money laundering. Scholars and practitioners recently observed how offshore financial centers and financial infrastructures have become central in facilitating corruption and other criminal activities. \n\nOffshore vehicles often serve to conceal the connections between business people and politically exposed persons. Secrecy jurisdictions and service providers have emerged as key actors in these illicit schemes. \n\nThe paper explores the following questions: \n\n\n- How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? \n- Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact, and their division of labor? \n- How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? \n\n\nIt applies a combination of social network analysis (SNA) and network ethnography to the corrupt connection between the former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and the Brazilian construction giant Odebrecht Group. The research analyzes publicly available data from the Lava Jato and Ecoteva investigations in Brazil and Peru. It deconstructs the illicit scheme’s mechanisms step-by-step, uncovers the functions of different actors and clusters, and illuminates the social norms and informal governance practices that regulate the exchange. \n\nThe research highlights how the financial infrastructures of the private and public spheres are integrated and analyzes the informal governance system designed to control the transnational corruption network. The study makes it possible to understand how the nexus between corruption and money laundering works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon.\n\n### Acknowledgement and citation\n\nThe paper is based on research conducted as part of a collaboration  between the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance\">Public Governance\u003C\u002Fa> team and its \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa> (ICAR). \n\nCitation: Costa, Jacopo. 2022. \"The nexus between corruption and money laundering: deconstructing the Toledo-Odebrecht network in Peru.\" *Trends in Organized Crime*. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12117-021-09439-6\">https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12117-021-09439-6\u003C\u002Fa>",[289,290],"Asset Recovery","Public Governance",[31],"2022-01-22","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4b7fd4da-0259-4632-8540-f820c115706d?width=600&height=840","Trends in Organized Crime",[296,299],{"url":297,"caption":298},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes"," See related Basel Institute Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography",{"url":300,"caption":301},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-analysis-of-the-toledo-odebrecht-case-illuminates-the-complex-transnational-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes-2051"," See related blog: New analysis of the Toledo-Odebrecht case illuminates the complex transnational networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes",[303,306],{"url":304,"caption":305},"https:\u002F\u002Frdcu.be\u002FcFtsR","View article (full text, no download)",{"url":307,"caption":308},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12117-021-09439-6"," Log in to Springer Link to download article",[310],{"authors_id":311},{"id":312,"name":313},304,"Jacopo Costa",[],[316,318,322],{"tags_id":317},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":319},{"id":320,"name":321},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":323},{"id":150,"name":151},[],[326,327],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement","Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:20.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fnexus-between-corruption-and-money-laundering-deconstructing-toledo-odebrecht-network",{"id":333,"slug":334,"title":335,"status":6,"nid":336,"year":337,"body":338,"external":19,"topic":339,"language":15,"type":340,"date_published":341,"image":342,"citation":343,"publisher":344,"link_internal":345,"link_external":346,"authors":350,"countries":375,"tags":388,"pdf":393,"topics":394,"featured":19,"languages":395,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":396,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":397,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":398},1842,"petty-corruption-public-sector-comparative-study-three-east-african-countries-through","Petty corruption in the public sector: A comparative study of three East African countries through a behavioural lens",1837,2020,"This article presents comparative evidence about the relevance of behavioural drivers in relation to petty corruption in three East African countries. It discusses the potential to incorporate behavioural insights into anti-corruption policy-making.\n\nPersistently high levels of bureaucratic corruption prevail in many countries across the African continent. This along with the limited effectiveness of conventional anti-corruption prescriptions call for a contextualised understanding of the multiple factors determining corruption-related decision-making.\n\nAdopting a behavioural lens involves accounting for the human factor as it relates to the effects of sociality and social constructs on propensities for corruption. As such, this novel approach complements the literature that has sought to understand corruption on the basis of political, economic, and institutional drivers and constraints.\n\nField research conducted in Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda found evidence for such behavioural drivers, showing that citizens are swayed by social pressures and beliefs that ultimately spur petty corruption by endorsing associated maladaptive practices. Sustained by social norms of group solidarity and reciprocity and legitimised by commonly shared perceptions of corruption as the norm, the research points to a problematic overlap of the public (formal) and the socio-cultural (informal) spheres.\n\nBy adding a behavioural dimension to the study of the drivers of corruption, this article seeks to contribute towards the development of more effective anti-corruption policy formulation that acknowledges the pitfalls attached to behavioural factors that conventional anti-corruption prescriptions have largely failed to address.\n\nThe article was published in the open-access African Studies journal on 19 August 2020.",[290],[31],"2020-08-19","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4bc5fb34-b953-48d6-8727-a9a2200a2327?width=600&height=840","Claudia Baez-Camargo, Paul Bukuluki, Richard Sambaiga, Tharcisse Gatwa, Saba Kassa & Cosimo Stahl (2020): Petty corruption in the public sector: A comparative study of three East African countries through a behavioural lens, African Studies","African Studies",[],[347],{"url":348,"caption":349},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00020184.2020.1803729","View article",[351,355,359,363,367,371],{"authors_id":352},{"id":353,"name":354},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":356},{"id":357,"name":358},369,"Paul Bukuluki",{"authors_id":360},{"id":361,"name":362},370,"Richard Sambaiga",{"authors_id":364},{"id":365,"name":366},371,"Tharcisse Gatwa",{"authors_id":368},{"id":369,"name":370},303,"Saba Kassa",{"authors_id":372},{"id":373,"name":374},354,"Cosimo Stahl",[376,380,384],{"countries_id":377},{"id":378,"name":379},224,"Tanzania",{"countries_id":381},{"id":382,"name":383},226,"Uganda",{"countries_id":385},{"id":386,"name":387},189,"Rwanda",[389,391],{"tags_id":390},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":392},{"id":273,"name":274},[],[327],[15],"2022-04-27T11:54:10.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpetty-corruption-public-sector-comparative-study-three-east-african-countries-through",{"id":400,"slug":401,"title":402,"status":6,"nid":403,"year":404,"body":405,"external":19,"topic":406,"language":15,"type":407,"date_published":408,"image":409,"citation":410,"publisher":411,"link_internal":412,"link_external":413,"authors":417,"countries":424,"tags":425,"pdf":438,"topics":439,"featured":19,"languages":440,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":441,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":442,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":443},1925,"informal-networks-invisible-drivers-corruption-and-implications-anti-corruption","Informal networks: the invisible drivers of corruption and implications for anti-corruption practice",217,2018,"Conventional anti-corruption approaches advocate for the adoption of legal and institutional reforms in line with international best practices. Nevertheless, these anti-corruption frameworks are often weakly implemented across the Global South. Overcoming these limitations invites the rethinking of some of the core assumptions of anti-corruption practice, which has mainly aimed to address poor accountability and weak law enforcement capabilities of the state. A promising perspective brings in the dimensions of sociality and informality to shed light on context-specific factors, such as social norms and informal power structures, that are associated with high levels of corruption.\n\nTwo of our research projects have evidenced the role of informal social networks in fuelling corruption. At the grassroots, social networks are key to solving problems on the basis of an economy of favours that seamlessly penetrates the public sector. Top-down, grand corruption is perpetuated by networks of elites that engage in mutually favourable exchanges to promote their respective interests, in the process effecting an informal re-distribution of public resources.\n\nThis publication appeared in the Public Administration Review's recent Blog Symposium dedicated to the topic of corruption.\n ",[290],[31],"2018-10-22","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd394d4f8-f466-4c50-8921-5e8f48d26872?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, C., Stahl, C., Kassa, S. (2018) Informal networks: the invisible drivers of corruption and implications for anti-corruption practice. Public Administration Review","Public Administration Review",[],[414],{"url":415,"caption":416},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.publicadministrationreview.com\u002F2018\u002F10\u002F22\u002F627\u002F","View article on Public Administration Review website",[418,420,422],{"authors_id":419},{"id":353,"name":354},{"authors_id":421},{"id":369,"name":370},{"authors_id":423},{"id":373,"name":374},[],[426,430,434,436],{"tags_id":427},{"id":428,"name":429},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":431},{"id":432,"name":433},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"tags_id":435},{"id":229,"name":230},{"tags_id":437},{"id":82,"name":83},[],[327],[15],"2022-04-27T11:55:01.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:02.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-networks-invisible-drivers-corruption-and-implications-anti-corruption",{"id":445,"slug":446,"title":447,"status":6,"nid":448,"year":404,"body":449,"external":19,"topic":450,"language":15,"type":451,"date_published":452,"image":453,"citation":454,"publisher":455,"link_internal":456,"link_external":457,"authors":464,"countries":471,"tags":478,"pdf":487,"topics":489,"featured":19,"languages":490,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":491,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":492,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":493},1928,"informal-governance-comparative-perspectives-co-optation-control-and-camouflage-rwanda","Informal governance: comparative perspectives on co-optation, control and camouflage in Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda",214,"This article applies a novel conceptual framework to characterise and assess the repertoire of practices used by informal networks to redistribute power and access to resources. These distinct norms and practices are typologised as co-optation, control, and camouflage. Co-optation involves recruitment into the network by means of the reciprocal exchange of favours. Control is about ensuring discipline amongst network members by means of shaming and social isolation. Camouflage refers to the formal facades behind which informality hides and is about protecting and legitimising the network. All three are relevant to a more fine-grained understanding of corruption and its underpinnings.\n\nFindings from our comparative research in three East African countries (Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) suggest that these informal practices are relevant to an understanding of the choices and attitudes of providers and users of public services at the local level. Adopting this analytical lens helps to explain the limited impact of conventional anti-corruption prescriptions and provides a basis to develop alternative strategies that harness the potential of social network dynamics to promote positive anti-corruption outcomes. \n\nThis article was published by the International Development Policy journal in a special issue devoted to African Cities and the Development Conundrum. The full electronic version of the book is available in open access on the International Development Policy Journal website. The paperback version is available for order through Brill. ",[290],[31],"2018-10-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fc5a4ca81-d0ce-45a1-8c67-431f151e497d?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, C., Koechlin, L. (2018) Informal governance: comparative perspectives on co-optation, control and camouflage in Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. In Ammann, C. and Förster, T. (eds.) African Cities and the Development Conundrum. International Dev","International Development Policy",[],[458,461],{"url":459,"caption":460},"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.openedition.org\u002Fpoldev\u002F2646","View article in open-access journal",{"url":462,"caption":463},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1163\u002F9789004387942"," Download or order a copy of African Cities book",[465,467],{"authors_id":466},{"id":353,"name":354},{"authors_id":468},{"id":469,"name":470},359,"Lucy Koechlin",[472,474,476],{"countries_id":473},{"id":386,"name":387},{"countries_id":475},{"id":378,"name":379},{"countries_id":477},{"id":382,"name":383},[479,481,483,485],{"tags_id":480},{"id":428,"name":429},{"tags_id":482},{"id":432,"name":433},{"tags_id":484},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":486},{"id":273,"name":274},[488],1977,[327],[15],"2022-04-27T11:55:04.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:03.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-governance-comparative-perspectives-co-optation-control-and-camouflage-rwanda",{"id":495,"slug":496,"title":497,"status":6,"nid":498,"year":499,"body":500,"external":19,"topic":501,"language":15,"type":502,"date_published":504,"image":505,"citation":506,"publisher":507,"link_internal":508,"link_external":509,"authors":513,"countries":520,"tags":523,"pdf":540,"topics":542,"featured":19,"languages":543,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":544,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":545,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":546},2119,"using-power-and-influence-analysis-address-corruption-risks-case-ugandan-drug-supply","Using power and influence analysis to address corruption risks: the case of the Ugandan drug supply chain",209,2012,"Power and influence analysis can be used to assess corruption vulnerabilities in the public sector. This approach helps identify powerful stakeholders that should be engaged to achieve maximum impact for anti-corruption strategies. It also helps reveal informal political networks and relationships that can hamper anti-corruption efforts.\n\nPower and influence analysis was applied to the Ugandan public sector drug supply chain and suggested that interventions aimed at reducing corruption risks would need to take into account the influence of informal political power in addition to the formal institutional mandates, and the prevalence of a vast network of patronage networks across the country.",[290],[31,503],"Report","2012-07-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5397542d-c9ee-4523-83c1-64948f8c25ef?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, C., Jacobs, E. (2012) Using Power and Influence Analysis to Address Corruption Risks: The case of the Ugandan drug supply chain. U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre","U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre",[],[510],{"url":511,"caption":512},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Fusing-power-and-influence-analysis-to-address-corruption-risks-the-case-of-the-ugandan-drug-supply-chain"," View on U4 website",[514,516],{"authors_id":515},{"id":353,"name":354},{"authors_id":517},{"id":518,"name":519},375,"Eelco Jacobs",[521],{"countries_id":522},{"id":382,"name":383},[524,526,528,530,532,534,538],{"tags_id":525},{"id":146,"name":147},{"tags_id":527},{"id":432,"name":433},{"tags_id":529},{"id":229,"name":230},{"tags_id":531},{"id":428,"name":429},{"tags_id":533},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":535},{"id":536,"name":537},1381,"Health",{"tags_id":539},{"id":150,"name":151},[541],2162,[327],[15],"2022-04-27T11:57:12.000Z","2026-05-31T22:51:54.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fusing-power-and-influence-analysis-address-corruption-risks-case-ugandan-drug-supply",{"id":548,"slug":549,"title":550,"status":6,"nid":551,"year":552,"body":553,"external":19,"topic":554,"language":15,"type":557,"date_published":558,"image":559,"citation":560,"publisher":561,"link_internal":562,"link_external":563,"authors":567,"countries":576,"tags":577,"pdf":584,"topics":586,"featured":19,"languages":588,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":47,"date_created":589,"user_updated":48,"date_updated":442,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":590},2181,"international-aspects-corporate-liability-and-corruption","International aspects of corporate liability and corruption",204,2005,"This chapter appears in the *Research handbook on corporate legal responsibility *edited by Stephen Tully.\n\nThe ever-important topic of corporate legal responsibility is deconstructed into many multifaceted components in this fascinating Handbook, which systematically examines each in turn and describes the contemporary legal position.\n\nChapter 22 by Mark Pieth and Gemma Aiolfi appears in part 4, \"regional and international initiatives towards corporate legal responsibility\" on pp. 395–412. It deals with the international aspects of corporate liability and corruption.",[555,556],"Collective Action","Compliance",[31],"2005-01-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F77ae6c00-1de5-4e9b-a210-5e89e1ab232b?width=600&height=840","Pieth, M., Aiolfi, G. (2005). 'International aspects of corporate liability and corruption' in Tully, S. (ed.) Research handbook on corporate legal responsibility (pp. 395–412). Edward Elgar Publishing ","Edward Elgar",[],[564],{"url":565,"caption":566},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.e-elgar.com\u002Fshop\u002Fresearch-handbook-on-corporate-legal-responsibility"," Order from Edward Elgar",[568,572],{"authors_id":569},{"id":570,"name":571},302,"Mark Pieth",{"authors_id":573},{"id":574,"name":575},289,"Gemma Aiolfi",[],[578,580],{"tags_id":579},{"id":82,"name":83},{"tags_id":581},{"id":582,"name":583},830,"Business integrity",[585],2223,[555,587],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[15],"2022-04-27T11:57:55.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finternational-aspects-corporate-liability-and-corruption",1780676559214]