[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":504},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-social-network-analysis-fight-against-illegal-wildlife-trade":3,"related-social-network-analysis-fight-against-illegal-wildlife-trade":103},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":23,"link_external":24,"featured":19,"topics":25,"languages":27,"type":28,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":31,"countries":43,"tags":44,"pdf":65,"authors":86},1864,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:54:23.000Z","2026-05-31T22:51:54.000Z",1554,"social-network-analysis-fight-against-illegal-wildlife-trade","Social network analysis in the fight against illegal wildlife trade","This short report provides a framework for leveraging synergies between researchers in the field of social network analysis (SNA) and practitioners in the field of intelligence and law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade (IWT). The synergies between theory and practice are potentially great yet largely unexplored.\n\nThe report shows how SNA research can support investigations relating to IWT and how, in turn, data and experience gleaned from IWT investigations can help SNA research. By joining forces with their different but complementary approaches, researchers and practitioners can generate novel insights to support the fight against IWT. \n\nIt is one of a series of publications in the context of a PMI Impact-funded project focused on stopping corruption from fuelling IWT along the East Africa-Southeast Asia trading chain. See further information on the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fillegal-wildlife-trade\">Basel Institute's IWT programme\u003C\u002Fa> and the focus of the programme's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance\u002Fresearch-projects\u002Fcurrent-projects#4\">research and social network analysis component\u003C\u002Fa>.","","English",2020,"Basel Institute on Governance","2020-03-31",false,[21,22],"Green Corruption","Public Governance",[],[],[21,26],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],[29,30],"Article","Report",{"id":32,"storage":33,"filename_disk":34,"filename_download":35,"title":36,"type":37,"created_on":38,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":39,"width":40,"height":41,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":42,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":38},"8f85fbb2-4212-4875-9eba-8c148b3e4e50","local","8f85fbb2-4212-4875-9eba-8c148b3e4e50.jpg","SNA-report-page.jpg","SNA report first page","image\u002Fjpeg","2022-04-27T11:54:22.000Z",232835,2480,3509,{},[],[45],{"id":46,"publications_id":47,"tags_id":62},4929,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":50,"link_internal":51,"link_external":52,"featured":19,"topics":53,"languages":54,"type":55,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":56,"tags":57,"pdf":58,"authors":60},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[],[],[21,26],[15],[29,30],[],[46],[59],1899,[61],2040,{"id":63,"name":64},1193,"Financial investigations",[66],{"id":59,"publications_id":67,"directus_files_id":78},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":68,"link_internal":69,"link_external":70,"featured":19,"topics":71,"languages":72,"type":73,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":74,"tags":75,"pdf":76,"authors":77},[21,22],[],[],[21,26],[15],[29,30],[],[46],[59],[61],{"id":79,"storage":33,"filename_disk":80,"filename_download":81,"title":81,"type":82,"folder":83,"uploaded_by":48,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":84,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":85,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"7779aa0d-44c1-473b-82ec-dc27be2419a4","7779aa0d-44c1-473b-82ec-dc27be2419a4.pdf","Social-network-analysis-against-illegal-wildlife-trade.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",256143,"View PDF",[87],{"id":61,"publications_id":88,"authors_id":99},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":89,"link_internal":90,"link_external":91,"featured":19,"topics":92,"languages":93,"type":94,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":95,"tags":96,"pdf":97,"authors":98},[21,22],[],[],[21,26],[15],[29,30],[],[46],[59],[61],{"id":100,"name":101,"position":7,"image":102},304,"Jacopo Costa","90469998-3598-471d-9499-48b19f557c7d",[104,146,197,240,283,328,356,389,428,470],{"id":105,"slug":106,"title":107,"status":6,"nid":108,"year":109,"body":110,"external":19,"topic":111,"language":15,"type":112,"date_published":113,"image":114,"citation":14,"publisher":115,"link_internal":116,"link_external":117,"authors":121,"countries":122,"tags":123,"pdf":138,"topics":139,"featured":19,"languages":140,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":141,"user_updated":142,"date_updated":143,"main_points":144,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":145},2239,"illicit-financial-flows-and-natural-resource-corruption-tnrc-guide","Illicit financial flows and natural resource corruption - a TNRC guide",2302,2022,"This introductory guide for the Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project:\n\n\n- outlines the impact of illicit financial flows on conservation goals;\n- explains approaches that can help conservation and natural resource management practitioners to strengthen their programming and related responses;\n- offers guidance on risks and constraints to such financial approaches.\n\n\nIt leads the Illicit Financial Flows topic page of the TNRC Knowledge Hub and is designed to help practitioners find relevant resources.\n\nThe key takeaways are:\n\n\n- **Understanding the financial aspects** of natural resource crimes and corruption can reveal opportunities to **reduce the incentives** to illegally exploit and trade in natural resources, as well as to **strengthen law enforcement** against those who profit from environmental destruction.\n- **Targeting the financial aspects** of natural resource crimes, especially where money crosses borders, can help to **identify and break up corrupt and criminal networks** and lead to the **recovery of illicit proceeds.**\n- **\"Follow the money”** approaches vary according to context, but generally require **multi-stakeholder and cross-sector collaboration** and information sharing.\n\n\nThe Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption\u003C\u002Fa> team developed the guide in collaboration with TNRC consortium partners and external experts.",[21],[29],"2022-10-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa4131d58-bd66-473b-8bdd-4be275aef858?width=600&height=840","Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project",[],[118],{"url":119,"caption":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-guide-illicit-financial-flows","View on TNRC website",[],[],[124,128,132,134],{"tags_id":125},{"id":126,"name":127},1215,"Illicit financial flows",{"tags_id":129},{"id":130,"name":131},1303,"Environment",{"tags_id":133},{"id":63,"name":64},{"tags_id":135},{"id":136,"name":137},804,"Natural resources",[],[21],[15],"2022-10-27T16:04:08.000Z","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30","2026-06-02T21:21:33.000Z","- **Understanding the financial aspects** of natural resource crimes and corruption can reveal opportunities to **reduce the incentives** to illegally exploit and trade in natural resources, as well as to **strengthen law enforcement** against those who profit from environmental destruction.\n- **Targeting the financial aspects** of natural resource crimes, especially where money crosses borders, can help to **identify and break up corrupt and criminal networks** and lead to the **recovery of illicit proceeds.**\n- **\"Follow the money”** approaches vary according to context, but generally require **multi-stakeholder and cross-sector collaboration** and information sharing.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fillicit-financial-flows-and-natural-resource-corruption-tnrc-guide",{"id":147,"slug":148,"title":149,"status":6,"nid":150,"year":151,"body":152,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":153,"date_published":155,"image":156,"citation":157,"publisher":17,"link_internal":158,"link_external":162,"authors":166,"countries":171,"tags":180,"pdf":189,"topics":191,"featured":19,"languages":192,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":193,"user_updated":142,"date_updated":194,"main_points":195,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":196},2443,"cs-14","Case Study 14: Madagascar: a landmark conviction for money laundering linked to environmental crime",2948,2026,"This Case Study demonstrates how international cooperation and the follow-the-money approach revealed a transnational criminal network trafficking endangered species and led to Madagascar’s first money laundering conviction related to wildlife trafficking.\n\n### About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, [ISSN 2813-3900](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies). It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F)).\n\nPhoto: [Studio Sifaka](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.studiosifaka.org\u002Farticles\u002Factualites\u002Fitem\u002F8084-plus-de-mille-tortues-et-pres-d-une-cinquantaine-de-lemuriens-vivants-saisis-en-thailande.html) \u002F khaosodenglish (used with permission).\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery. This case relates to the Basel Institute's [Green Corruption programme](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption).\n\nThe development of this publication was funded through the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) Challenge Fund.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n",[154],"Case Study","2026-03-31","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fea8361c6-bffd-4cfd-9119-7bc822b39af7?width=600&height=840","Rakotondramanana, Joseph. 2026. “Madagascar: a landmark conviction for money laundering linked to environmental crime.” Case Study 14, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-14",[159],{"url":160,"caption":161},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Case%20Study","View all Case Studies",[163],{"url":164,"caption":165},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=369","View online on Basel LEARN",[167],{"authors_id":168},{"id":169,"name":170},567,"Joseph Rakotondramanana",[172,176],{"countries_id":173},{"id":174,"name":175},139,"Madagascar",{"countries_id":177},{"id":178,"name":179},213,"Thailand",[181,183,187],{"tags_id":182},{"id":130,"name":131},{"tags_id":184},{"id":185,"name":186},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":188},{"id":63,"name":64},[190],2497,[21],[15],"2026-06-01T22:10:26.000Z","2026-06-02T21:14:32.000Z","- In 2024, Thai authorities carried out the country's largest ever single wildlife seizure, intercepting 48 lemurs and more than 1,000 tortoises endemic to Madagascar.\n- The seizure triggered a joint Thai-Malagasy investigation that traced smuggling routes through Indonesia, uncovered a transnational criminal network and led to arrests in both countries, the freezing of bank accounts and the confiscation of vehicles and vessels.\n- In 2025, the Anti-Corruption Court in Antananarivo convicted 10 individuals for trafficking in protected species, money laundering and criminal conspiracy. Sentences of up to 10 years in prison were handed down, alongside approximately USD 8.7 million in customs penalties and damages. This is the first time Madagascar has applied the offence of money laundering to a wildlife trafficking case.\n- Training on financial investigations by the Basel Institute on Governance, together with the facilitation of information exchange and peer learning among enforcement practitioners, contributed to this landmark result. The Malagasy authorities are now better equipped to overcome structural challenges in applying a “follow-the-money” approach to organised environmental crime, including limited technical expertise, insufficient resources and the complexity of cross-border financial investigations.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-14",{"id":198,"slug":199,"title":200,"status":6,"nid":201,"year":202,"body":203,"external":19,"topic":204,"language":15,"type":205,"date_published":206,"image":207,"citation":208,"publisher":17,"link_internal":209,"link_external":212,"authors":213,"countries":218,"tags":223,"pdf":232,"topics":234,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":235,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":236,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":237,"main_points":238,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":239},2428,"cs-12","Case Study 12: Indonesia: a landmark money laundering conviction in a forestry crime case",2874,2025,"This Case Study highlights how investigators of Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry achieved their first conviction for money laundering linked to forestry offences, leveraging institutional and legal changes in financial investigation procedures.\n\n### About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies\">ISSN 2813-3900\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nThe development of this publication was funded through the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) Challenge Fund.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.",[21],[154],"2025-11-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fcb6cbdfc-7348-43d5-bfc0-2d3fc41157cd?width=600&height=840","Anindito, Lakso. 2025. “Indonesia: a landmark money laundering conviction in a forestry crime case.” Case Study 12, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-12\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-12\u003C\u002Fa>.",[210],{"url":160,"caption":211}," View all Case Studies",[],[214],{"authors_id":215},{"id":216,"name":217},523,"Lakso Anindito",[219],{"countries_id":220},{"id":221,"name":222},99,"Indonesia",[224,228,230],{"tags_id":225},{"id":226,"name":227},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":229},{"id":130,"name":131},{"tags_id":231},{"id":63,"name":64},[233],2483,[21],"\u003C!-- image -->\n\n## Case Study 12\n\n## November 2025\n\n## Indonesia: a landmark money laundering conviction in a forestry crime case\n\nHow investigators of Indonesia's Ministry of Environment and Forestry achieved their first conviction for money laundering linked to forestry offences, leveraging institutional and legal changes in financial investigation procedures.\n\nLakso Anindito , Team Leader Indonesia, Green Corruption programme, Basel Institute on Governance\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n## Key points\n\n- → In a case of illegal logging in Alas Purwo National Park, investigators of Indonesia's Ministry of Environment and Forestry 1  obtained their first money laundering conviction.\n- → This achievement was made possible through a 2021 Constitutional Court decision extending the power to pursue  money laundering offences  to  investigators in  charge of predicate offences, in this case timber trafficking.  This  power  was  previously  limited  to investigators of traditional law enforcement agencies, including the police and the Corruption Eradication Commission.\n- → Training  and  technical  assistance  by  the  Green Corruption  programme  of  the  Basel  Institute  on Governance contributed to strengthening law\n\n- enforcement capacities to effectively handle money laundering cases and track illicit financial flows tied to environmental crimes.\n- → Sustained coordination and collaboration among the Ministry, Indonesia's Financial Intelligence Unit and the Attorney General's Office were pivotal in applying the follow-the-money approach to the illegal logging case.\n- → Businessman  Supono  was  convicted  initially  of illegally trading rosewood and later of laundering approximately USD 127,000 he had obtained through log  trading.  In  both  cases,  he  was  sentenced  to prison and ordered to pay a fine.\n- → Although the amount of money laundered in this case and the imposed fines were relatively modest, the case set a precedent for integrating financial crime investigations into environmental enforcement. This paves the way for future, larger-scale prosecutions by investigators of environmental agencies.\n\n## The case\n\n- 1. In 2021, investigators at the Ministry of Environment and Forestry started investigating indications of illegal logging in Alas Purwo National Park in Banyuwangi, East Java. National Park staff had caught a transporter carrying illegally logged rosewood (sonokeling) .\n- 2 . The  investigation  began  with  an  effort  to  identify who  was  benefiting  from  the  illegal  activities.  A businessman named Supono was later identified as the beneficiary. He was the person who orchestrated the transport of the rosewood logs.\n- 3. In 2022, the Banyuwangi District Court convicted Supono of intentionally transporting and owning forest products (logs of 31 rosewood trees sourced from Alas Purwo National Park) without permit. 2 The Court sentenced Supono to two years in prison and a fine of IDR 500 million (approx. USD 29,900). This first case was pursued purely on the basis of forestry crime charges.\n- 4. The Ministry's investigators continued to pursue the case using a follow-the-money approach to trace the proceeds of the crime. They applied this approach in close collaboration with the Financial Intelligent Unit (PPATK), which contributed key information, and in coordination with the Attorney General's Office. The financial investigation revealed:\n- a. Supono carried out suspicious financial transactions with two sawmill companies, PT Aji Sono and PT Amruu. His later statement during the court  proceedings  disclosed  that  the  logs  he was  trading  with  these  two  companies  were sourced not only from Alas Purwo National Park, but also from other locations, including Lampung, Sulawesi and Sumbawa.\n- b. Between 2020 and 2022, Supono gained approximately USD 127,000 from trading logs with PT Aji Sono (IDR 1,454,440,000) and PT Amruu (IDR 670,980,800).\n\n- c. To conceal the origins of the illegal proceeds, the  two  companies  transferred  the  money for their log purchases to the bank account of Supono's son, which was effectively controlled by Supono himself.\n- d. Supono then moved the money from his son's bank  account  to  his  own  account  in  smaller transactions, both via direct transfer and via cash withdrawal and manual deposits.\n- e. Supono integrated the proceeds of crime with money  he  had  loaned  from  the  bank  in  2020 (when he had no specific need for a bank loan). He then used the illicit funds to pay back the loan. He used this 'loan-back' method to disguise the proceeds of crime as legitimate money from the bank and other unrelated business activities.\n- f. Among other things, Supono used the money from the logging business to buy land.\n- 5. In 2024,  the  Banyuwangi  District  Court  issued its decision No. 11\u002FPid.Sus\u002F2024\u002FPN Byw 3  declaring Supono  guilty  of  money  laundering.  The  Court sentenced  Supono  to  one  year  and  three  months in  prison  and  a  fine  of  IDR  50  million  (approx. USD 3,000). The proceeds of the crime as such were not recovered.\n\nThe illegal logging and money laundering scheme uncovered by investigators of Indonesia's Ministry of Environment and Forestry.\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n## Legal background\n\n- · In  2010,  Indonesia  enacted  the  new  AntiMoney Laundering Law No. 8\u002F2010. 4 It provides  a legal  framework  for  tracing  and prosecuting illicit financial flows, including those  linked  to  environmental  crimes .  This marked a major step towards integrating  financial investigation tools into law enforcement efforts against  money  laundering.  However,  initially, only investigators of traditional law enforcement authorities  were  authorised  to  use  this  law, including from police, the Attorney General's Office, the Corruption Eradication Commission, the National Narcotics Agency, the tax authority and customs.\n- · A  landmark  decision  came  in  2021  when the  Constitutional  Court  issued  its  Decision\n\nNo. 15\u002FPUU-XIX\u002F2021. 5 This authorised investigators in charge of predicate offences, including from natural resources and environmental  authorities,  to  investigate not only environmental  crimes  such  as timber trafficking but also the related money laundering offences .\n\n- · The  Ministry  of  Environment  and  Forestry initiated  several strategic  actions  to  utilise its expanded powers . For example, it reached an  agreement  with  the  Indonesian  Financial Intelligence Unit to develop a joint investigation team. The Ministry also set its investigators the target of handling environmental cases using a  follow-the-money  approach,  and  started collaborating with the Attorney General's Office.\n\n## What can we learn from this case?\n\n## Laws and their interpretation are important….\n\nThe Constitutional Court's 2021 Decision is an important example of how a legal framework can be interpreted to  maximise its effectiveness in practice. In this case, the decision granted investigators from environmental agencies - in addition to investigators from traditional law enforcement agencies - the legal authority to pursue money laundering offences linked to environmental crimes.\n\nIt  empowered investigators to expand their scope and approach, laying the groundwork for more comprehensive enforcement in the future.\n\n## … but using laws in practice requires training and 'learning by doing'\n\nDespite their new powers, the investigators still faced difficulties in tracing illicit financial flows and understanding complex financial transactions linked to environmental crimes. They lacked knowledge and practice in gathering financial intelligence, using investigative technology and cooperating with other agencies domestically or abroad.\n\nOngoing training in financial analysis and intelligence gathering can equip investigators with the necessary skills, tools and networks to tackle money laundering activities, including those linked to environmental crimes.\n\nA  'learning  by  doing'  approach  helps  -  i.e.  applying new skills in realistic case investigations, together with counterparts from other agencies.\n\n## The value of hands-on, inter-agency training\n\nAs part of an Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) Challenge  Fund  project, 6   the  Green  Corruption team of  the  Basel  Institute  on  Governance  has trained Indonesian law enforcement agencies to effectively  handle  money  laundering  cases  and track illicit financial flows tied to illegal logging and wildlife-related crimes with the follow-themoney approach.\n\nThe training brought together investigators and prosecutors  from  key  government  agencies, including from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Attorney General's Office and Financial Intelligence Unit. Participants formed inter-agency groups and collaborated on a realistic case scenario, with each person contributing based on their respective role. The training used practical tools and exercises to explain how criminals conceal money and other assets through shell companies, business fronts, real estate investments and tax havens.\n\nBesides training, the Basel Institute also supported the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in developing  guidelines  to  handle  money  laundering cases,  providing  technical  knowledge  on  the investigation process.\n\nIt  was  just  a  few  months  after  the  training  that the Ministry's investigators, in collaboration with the  Attorney  General's  Office  and  the  Financial Intelligence Unit, achieved their first successful convictions for money laundering related to forest crimes.\n\n## Real cases - even when modest - can have a big impact\n\nThis case set a precedent for integrating financial crime investigations into environmental crime cases.\n\nEven  though  the  amount  of  money  laundered  in  this particular case was relatively low - and the fines Supono was sentenced to pay were a small fraction of that amount - the case has opened the door to tackling more complex, high-value cases in the future.\n\nThis first case also played an important role in helping the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's investigators to:\n\n- · shift their perspective from investigating illegal logging crimes only to handling money laundering offences; and\n- · move  from  a  general  understanding  of  money laundering in theory to handling real-life cases in practice.\n\nWhile training and guidelines were necessary to support the process, the real case itself served as a critical opportunity to identify both obstacles and solutions in applying the follow-the-money approach.\n\n## Both leaders and frontline investigators need to take action\n\nEvery natural resource trafficking case has a potential for exploring money laundering due to the amount of money involved in this type of crime.\n\nA  successful  investigation  requires  initiative from investigators and support from decision-makers. In this case of illegal logging in Alas Purwo National Park:\n\n- · The Ministry of Environment and Forestry's Director General and Director of Investigation encouraged investigators to adopt the follow-the-money approach.\n- · At the technical level, investigators put this encouragement  into  action,  demonstrating  their commitment  to  following  the  money  in  existing predicate crime cases.\n\n## Inter-agency collaboration is vital\n\nCoordination between the relevant agencies from the outset of the investigation has been pivotal to concluding the case successfully. The mutual understanding between counterparts from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Attorney General's Office and Financial Intelligence Unit provided a strong foundation for the enforcement process.\n\n## Keywords\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\nIndonesia\n\nEnvironmental crimes\n\nIllegal logging\n\nMoney laundering\n\nFinancial investigation\n\n## About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, ISSN 2813-3900. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives  4.0  International  Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Anindito, Lakso. 2025. 'Indonesia: a  landmark  money  laundering  conviction  in  a  forestry crime case.' Case Study 12, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002F cs-12.\n\n## Acknowledgment and disclaimer\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\nThe  development  of  this  publication  was funded through the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) Challenge Fund.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n\u003C!-- image -->\n\n\u003C!-- image -->","2025-11-25T17:05:34.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z","- In a case of illegal logging in Alas Purwo National Park, investigators of Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry obtained their first money laundering conviction.\n- This achievement was made possible through a 2021 Constitutional Court decision extending the power to pursue money laundering offences to investigators in charge of predicate offences, in this case timber trafficking. This power was previously limited to investigators of traditional law enforcement agencies, including the police and the Corruption Eradication Commission.\n- Training and technical assistance by the Green Corruption programme of the Basel Institute on Governance contributed to strengthening law enforcement capacities to effectively handle money laundering cases and track illicit financial flows tied to environmental crimes.\n- Sustained coordination and collaboration among the Ministry, Indonesia’s Financial Intelligence Unit and the Attorney General’s Office were pivotal in applying the follow-the-money approach to the illegal logging case.\n- Businessman Supono was convicted initially of illegally trading rosewood and later of laundering approximately USD 127,000 he had obtained through log trading. In both cases, he was sentenced to prison and ordered to pay a fine.\n- Although the amount of money laundered in this case and the imposed fines were relatively modest, the case set a precedent for integrating financial crime investigations into environmental enforcement. This paves the way for future, larger-scale prosecutions by investigators of environmental agencies.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-12",{"id":241,"slug":242,"title":243,"status":6,"nid":244,"year":109,"body":245,"external":19,"topic":246,"language":15,"type":249,"date_published":251,"image":252,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":253,"link_external":257,"authors":258,"countries":263,"tags":264,"pdf":275,"topics":277,"featured":19,"languages":279,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":280,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":281,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":282},2202,"pb-10","Policy Brief 10: Using anti-money laundering frameworks to fight illegal wildlife trade in Uganda",2238,"In February 2020, Uganda made a high-level political commitment to work with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group (ESAAMLG) to strengthen the effectiveness of its anti-money laundering (AML) regime. Among other commitments, Uganda undertook to demonstrate that law enforcement agencies and judicial authorities apply the money laundering offence consistent with the identified risks. \n\nStudies show that Uganda has high risks for cross-border movement of illegally obtained wildlife and wildlife products, both as a source and transit country. In addition, Uganda and the East African region in general have made some massive seizures of illegal wildlife products, which points to organised criminal activity. Notably, no money laundering prosecutions have to date arisen out of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) as a predicate offence in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.\n\nThis short Policy Brief provides an outline of how the AML framework (intelligence, investigations and prosecutions) can be utilised to help combat IWT and the corruption that facilitates it. The insights are drawn from the Ugandan context, but can be applied with appropriate adjustments to other jurisdictions seeking to strengthen efforts to combat IWT and related corruption\u002Fmoney laundering.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>, and supports the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Suggested citation: Walugembe, Tom. 2022. “Using anti-money laundering frameworks to fight illegal wildlife trade.” Policy Brief 10, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-10\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-10\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThis Policy Brief was funded by UK Aid through the IWT Challenge Fund. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the UK Government. This research is co-funded through a core donation to the Green Corruption programme from the Principality of Liechtenstein.",[247,248,21],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery",[250],"Policy Brief","2022-06-21","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Faf0b4619-3c02-4eeb-a367-8920b50482cc?width=600&height=840",[254],{"url":255,"caption":256},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[259],{"authors_id":260},{"id":261,"name":262},311,"Tom Walugembe",[],[265,267,269,271],{"tags_id":266},{"id":226,"name":227},{"tags_id":268},{"id":63,"name":64},{"tags_id":270},{"id":130,"name":131},{"tags_id":272},{"id":273,"name":274},1374,"Law enforcement",[276],2241,[247,278,21],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],"2022-07-07T16:27:27.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:59.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-10",{"id":284,"slug":285,"title":286,"status":6,"nid":287,"year":109,"body":288,"external":19,"topic":289,"language":15,"type":290,"date_published":292,"image":293,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":294,"link_external":298,"authors":302,"countries":307,"tags":312,"pdf":321,"topics":323,"featured":19,"languages":324,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":325,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":326,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":327},1755,"quick-guide-25-tax-investigations-and-illegal-wildlife-trade","Quick Guide 25: Tax investigations and illegal wildlife trade",2203,"What role could tax investigations play in detecting, investigating and prosecuting cases of illegal wildlife trade? Potentially a large one, with the right coordination and capacity.\n\nThis quick guide by Jovile Mungyereza, Financial Investigation Specialist in our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa> and former Tax Investigations manager at the Uganda Revenue Authority, gives a brief introduction to the surprisingly under-researched and under-utilised possibility of using tax laws and investigations to target high-level wildlife traffickers.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nThis work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>, and was funded by the UK Government through the IWT Challenge Fund.",[248,21],[291],"Quick Guide","2022-03-22","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F6bcde8d5-09b0-457e-8a02-636ed30da269?width=600&height=840",[295],{"url":296,"caption":297},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[299],{"url":300,"caption":301},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=124"," View on Basel LEARN",[303],{"authors_id":304},{"id":305,"name":306},350,"jovile.mungyereza",[308],{"countries_id":309},{"id":310,"name":311},226,"Uganda",[313,315,319],{"tags_id":314},{"id":63,"name":64},{"tags_id":316},{"id":317,"name":318},867,"Financial crime",{"tags_id":320},{"id":130,"name":131},[322],1784,[278,21],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:14.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:04.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-25-tax-investigations-and-illegal-wildlife-trade",{"id":329,"slug":330,"title":331,"status":6,"nid":332,"year":202,"body":333,"external":19,"topic":334,"language":15,"type":335,"date_published":336,"image":337,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":338,"link_external":340,"authors":341,"countries":346,"tags":347,"pdf":350,"topics":352,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":353,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":354,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":355},2401,"qg40","Quick Guide 40: Financial investigations in a cash economy",2796,"Despite the increasing use of digital payment methods, cash is still king in many economies – including criminal economies. It remains the most-used payment option across Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, and accounted for over USD 7.6 trillion in consumer expenditures throughout 2022.\n\nThat’s a challenge when investigating financial crimes. How can you “follow the money” without records of bank transfers, debit or credit card payments, or digital wallet transactions?\n\nThis Quick Guide explains the specific challenges involved in conducting financial investigations in a cash economy. It outlines how law enforcement can use traditional investigative methods to successfully uncover the financial affairs of a suspect.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[248],[291],"2025-04-10","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fc20e0d80-319e-4b14-b187-064f77f9e53a?width=600&height=840",[339],{"url":296,"caption":297},[],[342],{"authors_id":343},{"id":344,"name":345},562,"Emmanuel Mringo",[],[348],{"tags_id":349},{"id":63,"name":64},[351],2442,[278],"2025-04-14T10:05:14.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:52.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg40",{"id":357,"slug":358,"title":359,"status":6,"nid":360,"year":361,"body":362,"external":19,"topic":363,"language":15,"type":364,"date_published":365,"image":366,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":367,"link_external":368,"authors":369,"countries":374,"tags":375,"pdf":382,"topics":384,"featured":19,"languages":385,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":386,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":387,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":388},2378,"qg34","Quick Guide 34: Public-private partnerships for financial intelligence sharing",2724,2024,"Financial intelligence is the staple food of investigations into corruption, money laundering and other financial crimes.\n\nMuch financial intelligence is held by private-sector institutions such as banks and other financial service providers. How does that get into the hands of law enforcement, where it can trigger or inform investigations? And how can we improve the system?\n\nThis Quick Guide gives a brief introduction to public-private partnerships or platforms for financial intelligence sharing. It sets out how they work in practice, and how they can improve the sharing of targeted, useful information between law enforcement and financial institutions.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[247,248],[291],"2024-11-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F01dea28f-22b8-47cd-bf86-ddee24683c2b?width=600&height=840",[],[],[370],{"authors_id":371},{"id":372,"name":373},327,"Simon Marsh",[],[376,378,380],{"tags_id":377},{"id":63,"name":64},{"tags_id":379},{"id":226,"name":227},{"tags_id":381},{"id":273,"name":274},[383],2416,[247,278],[15],"2024-12-05T14:06:47.000Z","2026-05-31T22:51:55.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg34",{"id":390,"slug":391,"title":392,"status":6,"nid":393,"year":109,"body":394,"external":19,"topic":395,"language":15,"type":396,"date_published":397,"image":398,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":399,"link_external":401,"authors":402,"countries":405,"tags":410,"pdf":421,"topics":423,"featured":19,"languages":424,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":425,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":426,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":427},2248,"case-study-9-kiamba-case-achieving-civil-asset-forfeiture-order-and-criminal","Case Study 9: The Kiamba case: achieving a civil asset forfeiture order and criminal prosecution",2322,"This case study describes how authorities in Kenya achieved both a civil asset forfeiture order and a criminal conviction against a former public official involved in corrupt procurement deals.\n\nThe case involves Jimmy Kiamba, the former Chief Finance Officer of Nairobi County in Kenya, who conspired with three others to defraud the county government by authorising payments for phantom office equipment. Following a financial investigation and civil proceedings under Kenya’s Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act (2003), Kiamba was ordered to forfeit around USD 3 million in assets to the state. A subsequent criminal case based on the same underlying facts and investigation ultimately led to his conviction in 2022.\n\nThe case demonstrates how a “belt and braces” approach – applying both civil and criminal proceedings – can help anti-corruption agencies to confiscate the proceeds of corruption relatively quickly, even if the criminal case drags on or fails to reach the stricter standard of proof. It also highlights the impact of providing hands-on mentoring to investigators during real ongoing cases and over an extended period of time.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies\">ISSN 2813-3900\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery. Many such cases are drawn from partner countries of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nSuggested citation: Marsh, Simon. 2022. “The Kiamba case: achieving a civil asset forfeiture order and criminal prosecution.\" *Case Study* 9, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies.",[248],[154],"2022-09-30","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F40f51cf0-5b56-4633-b29c-662ac69d7f9c?width=600&height=840",[400],{"url":160,"caption":211},[],[403],{"authors_id":404},{"id":372,"name":373},[406],{"countries_id":407},{"id":408,"name":409},113,"Kenya",[411,413,417],{"tags_id":412},{"id":63,"name":64},{"tags_id":414},{"id":415,"name":416},821,"Unexplained wealth",{"tags_id":418},{"id":419,"name":420},843,"Asset recovery",[422],2291,[278],[15],"2022-11-30T17:04:06.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:03.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-study-9-kiamba-case-achieving-civil-asset-forfeiture-order-and-criminal",{"id":429,"slug":430,"title":431,"status":6,"nid":432,"year":109,"body":433,"external":19,"topic":434,"language":15,"type":435,"date_published":436,"image":437,"citation":14,"publisher":438,"link_internal":439,"link_external":440,"authors":444,"countries":453,"tags":454,"pdf":463,"topics":465,"featured":19,"languages":466,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":467,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":468,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":469},2195,"wp-39","Working Paper 39: Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade – Problem analysis and state of the field review",2210,"This Problem Analysis is a review of the efficacy and opportunities for using social norm and behaviour change (SNBC) approaches to combat illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and other natural resource-related corruption.\n\nBehavioural science is a rich and expansive field that has received prominent coverage in recent years for the promise it offers as a foundational yet underutilised approach to achieving biodiversity conservation. Extensive literature shows how SNBC initiatives can help combat diverse corruption problems, although for those related to natural resource management the evidence for doing so is sparse.\n\nThis report synthesises the available information and suggests the next steps to redress this current lack of evidence. It seeks to:\n\n\n- Understand what SNBC approaches might or might not work in fighting corruption.\n- Identify entry points for designing SNBC interventions that can effectively reduce corruption related to IWT.\n\n\n### About and acknowledgements\n\nThis Analysis has been produced in association with the Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project. The TNRC project is working to improve biodiversity outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming. Learn more at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftnrcproject.org\">tnrcproject.org\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThis publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government, or individual TNRC consortium members.\n\nThe publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Gayle Burgess. 2022. “Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade: Problem analysis and state of the field review.” Working Paper 39, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39\u003C\u002Fa>",[21,22],[29,30],"2022-06-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9f6e8d24-9468-43cb-949d-bdbd25d35adb?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance; TRAFFIC",[],[441],{"url":442,"caption":443},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.zoom.us\u002Fwebinar\u002Fregister\u002FWN_VUh1-aisS-Su1Cuwc8vWlA"," Register for virtual event - 27 June 2022",[445,449],{"authors_id":446},{"id":447,"name":448},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":450},{"id":451,"name":452},501,"Gayle Burgess",[],[455,457,459],{"tags_id":456},{"id":136,"name":137},{"tags_id":458},{"id":130,"name":131},{"tags_id":460},{"id":461,"name":462},848,"Behavioural science",[464],2234,[21,26],[15],"2022-06-09T13:42:35.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:04.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39",{"id":471,"slug":472,"title":473,"status":6,"nid":474,"year":475,"body":476,"external":19,"topic":477,"language":15,"type":478,"date_published":480,"image":481,"citation":14,"publisher":115,"link_internal":482,"link_external":483,"authors":486,"countries":495,"tags":496,"pdf":497,"topics":499,"featured":19,"languages":500,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":501,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":502,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":503},2319,"translating-political-economy-insights-conservation-practice-six-step-guide","Translating political economy insights into conservation practice: a six-step guide",2540,2023,"This guide suggests six steps for bringing political economy analysis findings into a theory of change for a project or programme.\n\nIt aims to provide a practical means for conservationists to navigate political economy in contexts where they work. While a theory of change explains the logic of a project, a political economy analysis, which looks at the influence of power, helps get to the heart of what needs to change for a project to work. But practitioners often find it challenging to use political economy analysis in practice. \n\nThe aim of conservation is to safeguard people and nature. Theories of change articulate what needs to change to deliver on that aim, along with the kinds of things that need to happen to get to that change – *what needs to be different.*\n\nUnderstanding more about who has power – to make change, to impede change – and how they get and use that power helps to clarify the conditions that need to change in order to achieve results.\n\n### About the TNRC project\n\nThe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-about-the-project\">TNRC project\u003C\u002Fa> seeks to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming on the ground.\n\nA USAID-funded project, TNRC is implemented by a consortium of leading organisations in anti-corruption, natural resource management, and conservation: World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, TRAFFIC, and the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at George Mason University.\n\nThis publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government, or individual TNRC consortium members.",[21,22],[479],"Guidelines","2023-11-22","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fdd7c3fec-b214-4620-b4d7-e2ead8e0c17a?width=600&height=840",[],[484],{"url":485,"caption":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-guide-translating-political-economy-insights-into-conservation-practice-a-six-step-guide-to-using-peas-to-design-and-test-theories-of-change-for-interventions-to-protect-and-defend-nature?p=2c9219&v=1&hours=1000",[487,491],{"authors_id":488},{"id":489,"name":490},530,"Micol Martini",{"authors_id":492},{"id":493,"name":494},303,"Saba Kassa",[],[],[498],2358,[21,26],[15],"2023-11-22T11:04:41.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:43.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Ftranslating-political-economy-insights-conservation-practice-six-step-guide",1780676549058]