[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":518},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-recommendations-international-cooperation-anti-corruption-cohort-summit-democracy":3,"related-recommendations-international-cooperation-anti-corruption-cohort-summit-democracy":109},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":22,"link_external":26,"featured":19,"topics":27,"languages":29,"type":30,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":33,"countries":44,"tags":69,"pdf":86,"authors":108},2272,"published",null,"2023-03-27T16:04:23.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:04.000Z",2419,"recommendations-international-cooperation-anti-corruption-cohort-summit-democracy","Recommendations of the International Cooperation for Anti-Corruption Cohort of the Summit for Democracy","These recommendations by the Summit for Democracy’s International Cooperation for Anti-Corruption Cohort outline how to build on progress in international cooperation made over the last 10–15 years. They seek particularly to overcome challenges related to:\n\n\n- **Non-cooperative territories** that continue to offer secret hiding places for illicit money.\n- **Mutual legal assistance (MLA)**, widely acknowledged as still too slow, bureaucratic and underfunded in most states.\n- **Political will** to change the status quo.\n- **Corruption fighting back**, through disinformation campaigns and malicious lawsuits against prosecutors, judges and journalists.\n\n\nThe Cohort is a cooperation between the Government of Moldova, Basel Institute on Governance and Transparency International under the Summit for Democracy initiative of US President Biden.\n\n***\n\n**Participating countries:** Albania; Armenia; Austria; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Chile; Costa Rica; France; Germany; Iraq; Ireland; Korea (Republic of); Kosovo; Malta; Moldova; Nigeria; Norway; Senegal; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; UK; Ukraine; USA.\n\n**Participating civil society organisations:** African Center for Governance, Asset Recovery and Sustainable Development, Nigeria; Basel Institute on Governance and International Centre for Asset Recovery, Switzerland; Brookings Institution, US; Center for the Study of Democracy, Bulgaria; German Marshall Fund of the US; Institute for European Policies and Reforms (IPRE), Moldova; International Bar Association – Asset Recovery Committee; Legal Resources Institute, Moldova; Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP); Transparency International; Transparency International France; Transparency International Kazakhstan; Transparency International Moldova; Transparency International Portugal; UNCAC Coalition.\n\n**Participating intergovernmental organisations:** European Commission; Regional Anti-Corruption Initiative (RAI), UNODC","","English",2023,"Government of Moldova, Basel Institute on Governance, Transparency International","2023-03-27",false,[21],"Asset Recovery",[23],{"url":24,"caption":25},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Faction-on-international-cooperation-for-anti-corruption-summit-for-democracy-recommendations-2418"," View summary",[],[28],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],[31,32],"Article","Guidelines",{"id":34,"storage":35,"filename_disk":36,"filename_download":37,"title":38,"type":39,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":40,"width":41,"height":42,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":43,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"e45ff571-4d6f-40d0-9dd5-7cb696575fb3","local","e45ff571-4d6f-40d0-9dd5-7cb696575fb3.jpg?itok=-XDPab-k","S4D-AC-Cohort-Recommendations-and-Countries-Page-1-0.jpg?itok=-XDPab-k","S4D AC Cohort Recommendations and Countries","image\u002Fjpeg",67326,500,647,{},[45],{"id":46,"publications_id":47,"countries_id":63},1063,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":50,"link_internal":51,"link_external":53,"featured":19,"topics":54,"languages":55,"type":56,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":57,"tags":58,"pdf":60,"authors":62},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21],[52],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31,32],[46],[59],4449,[61],2309,[],{"id":64,"name":65,"code":66,"latitude":67,"longitude":68},137,"Moldova","MD",47.41163,28.36988,[70],{"id":59,"publications_id":71,"tags_id":83},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":72,"link_internal":73,"link_external":75,"featured":19,"topics":76,"languages":77,"type":78,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":79,"tags":80,"pdf":81,"authors":82},[21],[74],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31,32],[46],[59],[61],[],{"id":84,"name":85},822,"International cooperation",[87],{"id":61,"publications_id":88,"directus_files_id":100},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":89,"link_internal":90,"link_external":92,"featured":19,"topics":93,"languages":94,"type":95,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":96,"tags":97,"pdf":98,"authors":99},[21],[91],{"url":24,"caption":25},[],[28],[15],[31,32],[46],[59],[61],[],{"id":101,"storage":35,"filename_disk":102,"filename_download":103,"title":103,"type":104,"folder":105,"uploaded_by":48,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":106,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":107,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"885719cd-3004-4bef-b3ff-87067b954b68","885719cd-3004-4bef-b3ff-87067b954b68.pdf","S4D-AC-Cohort-Recommendations-and-Countries.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",277051,"Download PDF",[],[110,180,214,256,294,334,372,407,451,482],{"id":111,"slug":112,"title":113,"status":6,"nid":114,"year":115,"body":116,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":117,"date_published":119,"image":120,"citation":121,"publisher":122,"link_internal":123,"link_external":130,"authors":137,"countries":146,"tags":151,"pdf":170,"topics":172,"featured":19,"languages":173,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":174,"user_updated":175,"date_updated":176,"main_points":177,"short_version":7,"subtitle":178,"link":179},2441,"cs-13","Case Study 13: The Beauty Queen case: non-conviction based forfeiture across borders",2937,2026,"This Case Study analyses how Colombian authorities recovered assets linked to drug trafficking and held in a trust in Guernsey. It sets out the legal tools and procedures in Colombia and in Guernsey that enabled Colombia’s first international recovery under its non-conviction based forfeiture model _Extinción de dominio_. The Case Study highlights lessons for international cooperation between jurisdictions with different forfeiture systems or even legal traditions.\n\nThe International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance provided technical assistance as part of a Memorandum of Understanding with the General Prosecutor’s Office of Colombia.\n\n[**Download Case Study here**](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-05\u002FCase-Study-13_Beauty-Queen.pdf)\n\nOn 30 November 2023, the Fourth Court of the Specialised Extinción de Dominio Circuit of Colombia ordered the non-conviction based forfeiture of a Guernsey trust account issued by Northern Trust Fiduciary Services (Guernsey) Limited. The beneficiary was María Marcela Serrano Camacho, a Colombian model and former beauty queen.\n\nThe Colombian forfeiture order extinguished property rights over the account – amounting to GBP 361,146 – on the grounds that the funds were the proceeds of drug trafficking offences committed by Efraín Antonio Hernández Ramírez (“Don Efra”), a well-known Colombian drug trafficker, and his former spouse María Serrano in the 1990s.\n\nOn 30 January 2025, following successful mutual legal assistance proceedings between Colombia and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the two jurisdictions concluded an asset sharing agreement for the repatriation of the confiscated assets.\n\nThis marked Colombia’s first successful international recovery through non-conviction based forfeiture.\n\nThis Case Study examines how early and effective coordination between Colombia and Guernsey enabled the identification, freezing, forfeiture and repatriation of the assets. It analyses the legal framework underpinning Colombia's Extinción de dominio regime and how it was applied, leading to the forfeiture of the Guernsey acccount. It also describes the procedural mechanisms used in Guernsey to execute foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders.\n\nThe interaction between the authorities in both jurisdictions offers valuable lessons and examples of good practices.\n\n**Main takeaways of the case:**\n\n- Early and trust-based international cooperation is decisive\n- Non-conviction based forfeiture is indispensable when criminal routes are closed\n- Identifying beneficial ownership is central to effective asset recovery\n- Direct enforcement of foreign forfeiture orders increases efficiency and legal certainty\n- Asset sharing agreements strengthen cooperation incentives\n\nThe Case Study can be read alongside [Policy Brief 16](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-16): \"Enforcing foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders: FATF standards and asset recovery practice in Latin America and financial centres\".\n\n### About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, [ISSN 2813-3900](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies). It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BYNC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F)).\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery.\n\nThis is a publication of the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR receives core funding from the Governments of Jersey, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.\n\n**Disclaimer**: This Case Study is intended for general informational purposes and does not constitute and\u002For substitute legal or other professional advice. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n",[118],"Case Study","2026-03-31","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F6f1661b8-eab6-4ce0-902d-f6c97f85dd29?width=600&height=840","Solórzano, Oscar, and Diana Cordero. 2026. ‘The Beauty Queen case: non-conviction based forfeiture of criminal assets across borders. Lessons learned from Colombia–Guernsey cooperation.’ Case Study 13, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: [baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13).","Basel Institute on Governance",[124,127],{"url":125,"caption":126},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fcolombiaguernsey-cooperation-leads-to-successful-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-of-illicit-assets-2716","Read related blog",{"url":128,"caption":129},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications","Read related Policy Brief 16",[131,134],{"url":132,"caption":133},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=368","View online on Basel LEARN",{"url":135,"caption":136},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=72","eLearning course: International Cooperation and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters",[138,142],{"authors_id":139},{"id":140,"name":141},294,"Oscar Solorzano",{"authors_id":143},{"id":144,"name":145},591,"Diana Cordero",[147],{"countries_id":148},{"id":149,"name":150},47,"Colombia",[152,156,158,162,166],{"tags_id":153},{"id":154,"name":155},1379,"Non-conviction based forfeiture",{"tags_id":157},{"id":84,"name":85},{"tags_id":159},{"id":160,"name":161},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":163},{"id":164,"name":165},1374,"Law enforcement",{"tags_id":167},{"id":168,"name":169},843,"Asset recovery",[171],2495,[28],[15],"2026-06-01T22:10:26.000Z","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30","2026-06-02T14:22:13.000Z","- Early and trust-based international cooperation is decisive\n- Non-conviction based forfeiture is indispensable when criminal routes are closed\n- Identifying beneficial ownership is central to effective asset recovery\n- Direct enforcement of foreign forfeiture orders increases efficiency and legal certainty\n- Asset sharing agreements strengthen cooperation incentives","Lessons learned from Colombia–Guernsey cooperation","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13",{"id":181,"slug":182,"title":183,"status":6,"nid":184,"year":115,"body":185,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":186,"date_published":119,"image":188,"citation":7,"publisher":122,"link_internal":189,"link_external":192,"authors":194,"countries":197,"tags":198,"pdf":207,"topics":209,"featured":19,"languages":210,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":174,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":211,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":212,"link":213},2442,"pb-16","Policy Brief 16: Enforcing foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders",2947,"This Policy Brief analyses emerging international standards aimed at addressing recurring challenges in judicial practice with regard to the enforcement of non-conviction based forfeiture orders issued by foreign states. It focuses in particular on the historical absence of a binding obligation on requested states to cooperate in such cases and, where cooperation is available, on the structural tension between direct and indirect enforcement models.\n\n[**Download Policy Brief here**](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-03\u002FPolicy-Brief-16_Enforcing-foreign-NCBF-orders.pdf)\n\nRevisions in 2023 to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendations 4 and 38 seek to clarify and strengthen states’ cooperation in the enforcement of foreign forfeiture orders. In this context, the recognition and execution of foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders are central components of the evolving international asset recovery framework.\n\nThrough analysis and case studies involving Latin American states and international financial centres, this Policy Brief demonstrates that the choice of procedural model for enforcing foreign forfeiture orders – direct or indirect – has significant implications, while acknowledging the competing legal and institutional interests involved.\n\nIn line with FATF Recommendation 38, the Policy Brief argues in favour of direct enforcement in the requested state, based on the facts established by the foreign authority. This promotes efficiency, legal certainty and mutual trust. Indirect enforcement models that may require domestic investigations by the requested state, on the other hand, often lead to delays, duplication and increased costs, which hinders international asset recovery efforts.\n\nThe analysis provides empirical insight into how the revised FATF standards address practical deficiencies and the implications for judicial practice in requested states. For the Latin American context, the Policy Brief suggests to go beyond technical compliance of domestic non-conviction based forfeiture regimes with the FATF standards to strengthen the effectiveness of cross-border enforcement in practice.\n\nThis Policy Brief can be read alongside [Case Study 13](http:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-13): “The Beauty Queen case: non-conviction based forfeiture across borders. Lessons learned from Colombia–Guernsey cooperation.”\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series [ISSN 2624-9669](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type\\[]=257). You may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F) licence.\n\nIt is a publication of the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR receives core funding from the Governments of Jersey, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.\n\n**Disclaimer**: This Policy Brief is intended for general informational purposes and does not constitute and\u002For substitute legal or other professional advice. The contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n**Suggested citation**: Solórzano, Oscar. 2026. \"Enforcing foreign non-conviction based forfeiture orders: FATF standards and asset recovery practice in Latin America and financial centres.\" Policy Brief 16, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: [baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-16](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-16).",[187],"Policy Brief","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff866220c-dddd-41b3-a45e-c2d7992d39e1?width=600&height=840",[190],{"url":128,"caption":191},"Read related Case Study 13",[193],{"url":135,"caption":136},[195],{"authors_id":196},{"id":140,"name":141},[],[199,201,203,205],{"tags_id":200},{"id":154,"name":155},{"tags_id":202},{"id":84,"name":85},{"tags_id":204},{"id":160,"name":161},{"tags_id":206},{"id":164,"name":165},[208],2496,[28],[15],"2026-06-02T14:16:22.000Z","FATF standards and asset recovery practice in Latin America and financial centres","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-16",{"id":215,"slug":216,"title":217,"status":6,"nid":218,"year":219,"body":220,"external":19,"topic":221,"language":15,"type":222,"date_published":223,"image":224,"citation":225,"publisher":226,"link_internal":227,"link_external":231,"authors":232,"countries":233,"tags":246,"pdf":249,"topics":251,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":252,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":253,"main_points":254,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":255},2427,"cs-11","International cooperation in the Migori County corruption case",2870,2025,"This Case Study describes how Kenya obtained crucial overseas intelligence in a corruption case through the International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre, leading to the recovery of USD 1.8 million in assets for the Kenyan people.\n\n### About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies\">ISSN 2813-3900\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nIt is a publication of the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR receives core funding from the Governments of Jersey, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.\n\nWhile we have made reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of information provided in this Case Study, neither the authors nor the Basel Institute’s donors and partners assume any responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions.",[21],[118],"2025-11-18","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb444532c-4291-4a7f-a981-5d08183eb628?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (Kenya) and International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre. 2025. “International cooperation in the Migori County corruption case.” Case Study 11, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-11\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-11\u003C\u002Fa>","Basel Institute on Governance, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (Kenya) and International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre",[228],{"url":229,"caption":230},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Case%20Study"," View all Case Studies",[],[],[234,238,242],{"countries_id":235},{"id":236,"name":237},113,"Kenya",{"countries_id":239},{"id":240,"name":241},14,"Australia",{"countries_id":243},{"id":244,"name":245},225,"Ukraine",[247],{"tags_id":248},{"id":84,"name":85},[250],2482,[28],"2025-11-18T17:05:42.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z","- Kenya’s Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) established that between 2013 and 2017, around KES 2 billion (USD 15.5 million) was embezzled from the County Government of Migori in southwest Kenya through unlawful and irregular procurement contracts. The money was spent on property, high-end vehicles and university tuition fees for the former County Governor’s children.\n- Through the International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre (IACCC), the EACC obtained crucial intelligence on the suspect’s assets, travels and purchases in several jurisdictions.\n- This enabled the EACC to prepare and submit precise mutual legal assistance requests, with the assistance of a mentor from the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR).\n- The end result was timely evidence collection and an out-of-court settlement worth KES 235.6 million (USD 1.8 million) in property and vehicles. The assets will be liquidated and ultimately returned to the Kenyan treasury.\n- The case highlights the value of the IACCC as a mechanism for efficient and coordinated international cooperation in grand corruption investigations, and the benefits of ICAR’s case-based technical assistance in complex, cross-border corruption cases.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-11",{"id":257,"slug":258,"title":259,"status":6,"nid":260,"year":16,"body":261,"external":19,"topic":262,"language":15,"type":263,"date_published":264,"image":265,"citation":14,"publisher":122,"link_internal":266,"link_external":268,"authors":269,"countries":274,"tags":281,"pdf":286,"topics":288,"featured":19,"languages":289,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":290,"user_updated":175,"date_updated":291,"main_points":292,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":293},2265,"case-study-10-using-full-legal-means-confiscate-illicit-assets-time-war","Case Study 10: Using full legal means to confiscate illicit assets in a time of war",2390,"This case study describes how Switzerland is putting to test a rarely used but powerful law in order to confiscate assets connected to Ukraine’s 2014 Revolution of Dignity, with the aim of returning these to Ukraine.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies\">ISSN 2813-3900\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery. Many such cases are drawn from partner countries of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nSuggested citation: International Centre for Asset Recovery. 2023. “Using full legal means to confiscate illicit assets in a time of war.\" *Case Study* 10, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies.",[21],[118],"2023-02-20","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fbc1ae384-869c-4342-b438-53bbe4e5c6f6?width=600&height=840",[267],{"url":229,"caption":230},[],[270],{"authors_id":271},{"id":272,"name":273},363,"International Centre for Asset Recovery",[275,277],{"countries_id":276},{"id":244,"name":245},{"countries_id":278},{"id":279,"name":280},41,"Switzerland",[282,284],{"tags_id":283},{"id":168,"name":169},{"tags_id":285},{"id":84,"name":85},[287],2305,[28],[15],"2023-02-20T17:04:16.000Z","2026-06-02T21:19:57.000Z","- Switzerland is in the midst of administrative proceedings to confiscate around CHF 130 million in assets linked to the regime of former Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych. \n- This case study examines the first of a series of cases concerned by these proceedings. Announced in May 2022, it involves over CHF 100 million in assets held by a close associate of the former president, Yuriy Ivanyushchenko and his family. They have been frozen in Switzerland since Yanukovych was deposed in Ukraine’s 2014 Revolution of Dignity.\n- These efforts are significant as they may allow the return of assets to the people of Ukraine at a time of immense need.\n- Just as importantly though, the move demonstrates how states can proactively seek ways to use their full legal toolkit to confiscate illicit assets linked to political exposed persons and ensure they are put to good use.\n- It also demonstrates how states have opportunities to strengthen their adoption and use of established asset recovery mechanisms to interrupt the type of kleptocracies that have enabled the war in Ukraine in the first place. ","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-study-10-using-full-legal-means-confiscate-illicit-assets-time-war",{"id":295,"slug":296,"title":297,"status":6,"nid":298,"year":299,"body":300,"external":19,"topic":301,"language":15,"type":302,"date_published":303,"image":304,"citation":14,"publisher":122,"link_internal":305,"link_external":307,"authors":308,"countries":313,"tags":316,"pdf":327,"topics":329,"featured":19,"languages":330,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":331,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":332,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":333},2230,"case-study-8-windward-trading-charging-shelf-company-money-laundering-and-returning","Case Study 8: Windward Trading: Charging a shelf company with money laundering and returning confiscated funds to Kenyan citizens",2284,2022,"This case study describes how authorities in Kenya and Jersey worked together to unlock progress in a long-running case involving around USD 3.7 million in corruptly acquired funds.\n\nThe money was held in the bank account of the shelf company Windward Trading, which was used to channel corrupt payments relating to power generation in Kenya.\n\nThe money had been seized in Jersey since 2011 following a money laundering investigation and subsequent criminal proceedings. Kenyan Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) reasonable grounds to suspect the funds were proceeds of corruption. But the case had stalled due to issues with extraditing the two suspects to Jersey to stand trial.\n\nProactive informal cooperation was key to building trust between the parties. This helped to break the deadlock, find legal solutions to recover the funds and agree their safe return for the benefit of Kenyan citizens.\n\nThe parties mutually agreed that the recovered assets should be used for medical equipment and pandemic relief in Kenya. Crown agents and Amref Health Africa are responsible for disbursing and safeguarding the funds.\n\nA framework agreement signed by the Governments of Kenya, Jersey, Switzerland and the UK was used as a basis for negotiations on the return of the funds.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery. Many such cases are drawn from partner countries of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nSuggested citation: Marsh, Simon. 2022. “Windward Trading: Charging a shelf company with money laundering and returning confiscated funds to Kenyan citizens.\" *Case Study* 8, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies.",[21],[118],"2022-09-09","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9f88325a-0128-4182-a6c9-e5ffc72165ab?width=600&height=840",[306],{"url":229,"caption":230},[],[309],{"authors_id":310},{"id":311,"name":312},327,"Simon Marsh",[314],{"countries_id":315},{"id":236,"name":237},[317,321,323,325],{"tags_id":318},{"id":319,"name":320},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":322},{"id":84,"name":85},{"tags_id":324},{"id":160,"name":161},{"tags_id":326},{"id":168,"name":169},[328],2271,[28],[15],"2022-09-09T16:04:05.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-study-8-windward-trading-charging-shelf-company-money-laundering-and-returning",{"id":335,"slug":336,"title":337,"status":6,"nid":338,"year":219,"body":339,"external":19,"topic":340,"language":15,"type":341,"date_published":342,"image":343,"citation":14,"publisher":344,"link_internal":345,"link_external":346,"authors":350,"countries":355,"tags":358,"pdf":367,"topics":368,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":369,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":370,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":371},2424,"back-action-how-uk-reviving-unexplained-wealth-orders-academy-bulletin","Back in Action: How the UK is reviving unexplained wealth orders (The Academy Bulletin)",2864,"In an article published in the Fall 2025 issue of the Bulletin of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffinancialcrimelitigators.org\u002F\">International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators\u003C\u002Fa>, Andrew Dornbierer explores the revival of unexplained wealth orders (UWOs) in the United Kingdom.\n\nIntroduced in 2017 as a tool to combat the abuse of UK's markets to launder criminal proceeds, the UWO mechanism suffered a severe setback in 2020. After only a handful of attempts to use it, a decision by the High Court effectively left it sprawled on the canvas.\n\nIn the last year or so, however, the mechanism has slowly started to prove itself. Most recently, the UK's Serious Fraud Office – in its first use of the UK's UWO mechanism – secured GBP 1.1 million from the sale of a property belonging to the ex-wife of a convicted fraudster.\n\nThis article offers a short history of UWOs in the UK. It examines how, after a turbulent start and subsequent amendments to the mechanism, UWOs are now back to being used by UK authorities to tackle illicit financial flows. If applied responsibly, proportionately and in harmony with established legal rights, unexplained wealth orders promise to be a powerful tool in the UK’s fight to recover criminal assets.\n\nThis is the fifth issue of The Academy's Bulletin. It has been established to transmit the work of Academy Fellows, draw attention to matters of importance to the legal community and provide high-level analysis of cutting-edge issues in global financial crime investigations and litigation. The Basel Institute on Governance acts as Secretariat to the Academy.",[21],[31],"2025-11-03","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fc313d2fa-3e1c-43ab-b40e-3e418d819df1?width=600&height=840","International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[],[347],{"url":348,"caption":349},"https:\u002F\u002Fedit.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb401d6c9-b0e4-4ab9-ad1f-948c567c6ab3.pdf","Fall 2025 Bulletin of the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[351],{"authors_id":352},{"id":353,"name":354},306,"Andrew Dornbierer",[356],{"countries_id":357},{"id":244,"name":245},[359,361,363],{"tags_id":360},{"id":168,"name":169},{"tags_id":362},{"id":160,"name":161},{"tags_id":364},{"id":365,"name":366},821,"Unexplained wealth",[],[28],"2025-11-03T11:05:50.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fback-action-how-uk-reviving-unexplained-wealth-orders-academy-bulletin",{"id":373,"slug":374,"title":375,"status":6,"nid":376,"year":377,"body":378,"external":19,"topic":379,"language":15,"type":380,"date_published":381,"image":382,"citation":14,"publisher":344,"link_internal":383,"link_external":384,"authors":388,"countries":391,"tags":400,"pdf":401,"topics":402,"featured":19,"languages":403,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":404,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":405,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":406},2380,"james-stone-case-perus-fight-recover-assets-academy-bulletin","The James Stone case: Peru’s fight to recover assets (The Academy Bulletin)",2733,2024,"In an article published in the Fall 2024 issue of the Bulletin of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffinancialcrimelitigators.org\u002F\">International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators\u003C\u002Fa>, Oscar Solórzano describes an asset recovery case between Peru and Luxembourg involving a businessman named James Stone.\n\nIt provides insight into some of the challenges that some States face in recovering proceeds of corruption from international financial centres, despite the binding rules and soft laws adopted in recent years. It looks at both the mutual legal assistance (MLA) process and the legal defences raised by the account holder – who admitted to the corrupt dealings and has since fled to the United States.\n\nThe case offers important lessons for States either holding or seeking to recover assets linked to historical acts of corruption.\n\nThis is the fourth issue of The Academy's Bulletin. It has been established to transmit the work of Academy Fellows, draw attention to matters of importance to the legal community and provide high-level analysis of cutting-edge issues in global financial crime investigations and litigation. The Basel Institute on Governance acts as Secretariat to the Academy.",[21],[31],"2024-12-11","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Faab741bb-d811-44ec-bb32-83c1123d75d3?width=600&height=840",[],[385],{"url":386,"caption":387},"https:\u002F\u002Fedit.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5d055679-91be-4304-aec7-cf88c8226ada.pdf","Fall 2024 Bulletin of the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[389],{"authors_id":390},{"id":140,"name":141},[392,396],{"countries_id":393},{"id":394,"name":395},171,"Peru",{"countries_id":397},{"id":398,"name":399},132,"Luxembourg",[],[],[28],[15],"2024-12-11T17:05:23.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:53.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fjames-stone-case-perus-fight-recover-assets-academy-bulletin",{"id":408,"slug":409,"title":410,"status":6,"nid":411,"year":377,"body":412,"external":19,"topic":413,"language":414,"type":415,"date_published":416,"image":417,"citation":14,"publisher":418,"link_internal":419,"link_external":420,"authors":421,"countries":440,"tags":443,"pdf":444,"topics":446,"featured":19,"languages":447,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":448,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":449,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":450},2358,"la-extincion-del-dominio-de-bienes-instrumentalizados","La extinción del dominio de bienes instrumentalizados",2666,"This publication (in Spanish) focuses on the use of non-conviction based forfeiture legislation in Peru (Extinción de Dominio) to recover instrumentalities of crime. It is a collaborative effort of asset recovery experts of the Basel Institute on Governance under the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gfpsubnacional.pe\u002F\">Programa GFP Subnacional\u003C\u002Fa> or Subnational Public Finance Management Strengthening Programme in Peru, funded by the Swiss SECO Cooperation.\n\n### Introducción\n\nEl Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Gestión de Finanzas Públicas a nivel Subnacional en el Perú (2024-2028) busca fortalecer las capacidades de los funcionarios encargados del cumplimiento de la ley, especialmente aquellos que participan en los procesos de recuperación de activos en los niveles central y subnacional.\n\nEn los últimos años, la recuperación de activos ha ocupado un importante lugar en la política criminal peruana, especialmente mediante la dación del Decreto Legislativo 1373 - Decreto Legislativo sobre Extinción de Dominio, que incorpora al ordenamiento jurídico peruano un poderoso instrumento para contrarrestar el patrimonio criminal. La consolidación de esta herramienta precisa de conocimientos especializados en la materia, así como la correcta interpretación de las categorías y presupuestos de la extinción de dominio, en armonía con los principios del Estado Constitucional de Derecho que la alberga.\n\nCon miras a la consecución de este objetivo, el Programa GFP Subnacional reconoce el importante rol de la doctrina jurídica como fuente mediata para aliviar los cuestionamientos que surgen en la aplicación de las leyes, y para orientar el conocimiento hacia la correcta adopción de decisiones. Por ello, esta publicación académica es un producto de conocimiento creado con la finalidad de servir como insumo teórico y práctico en la aplicación de la extinción de dominio.\n\nEn su primer número, con el fin de coadyuvar en el proceso de especialización de los operadores de justicia, esta publicación aborda diversas cuestiones jurídicas acerca de la recuperación, a través de la extinción de dominio, de los instrumentos empleados en la comisión de actividades ilícitas, dada su disposición para la lesión de bienes jurídicos protegidos por nuestro ordenamiento.",[21],"Spanish",[31],"2024-05-24","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F69c174c1-5ac4-423c-a873-194194f45033?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance; Programa GPF Subnacional",[],[],[422,424,428,432,436],{"authors_id":423},{"id":140,"name":141},{"authors_id":425},{"id":426,"name":427},542,"Walther Delgado",{"authors_id":429},{"id":430,"name":431},543,"Dr Erick Guimaray",{"authors_id":433},{"id":434,"name":435},544,"Sergio Jiménez",{"authors_id":437},{"id":438,"name":439},545,"Sergio Rodriguez",[441],{"countries_id":442},{"id":394,"name":395},[],[445],2397,[28],[414],"2024-08-20T16:05:02.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:50.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fla-extincion-del-dominio-de-bienes-instrumentalizados",{"id":452,"slug":453,"title":454,"status":6,"nid":455,"year":16,"body":456,"external":19,"topic":457,"language":458,"type":459,"date_published":460,"image":461,"citation":14,"publisher":122,"link_internal":462,"link_external":463,"authors":464,"countries":469,"tags":474,"pdf":475,"topics":477,"featured":19,"languages":478,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":479,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":480,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":481},2333,"guia-de-boas-praticas-na-investigacao-criminal-em-mocambique","Guia de Boas Práticas na Investigação Criminal em Moçambique",2572,"O presente *Guia de Boas Práticas na Investigação Criminal em Moçambique* constitui uma ferramenta essencial no trabalho dos investigadores do Serviço Nacional de Investigação Criminal (SERNIC) e acreditamos ser de elevada utilidade prática para o exercício das actividades funcionais do dia-a-dia deste serviço. Vem acompanhado pelas Leis Orgânicas do Serviço Nacional de Investigação Criminal e do Ministério Público, a Lei n.º 2\u002F2017, de 9 de Janeiro, e a Lei n.º 1\u002F2022, de 12 de Janeiro, respectivamente.\n\nDesenvolvido com o contributo do Departamento Especializado para a Área Criminal da Procuradoria-Geral da República, órgão a quem compete, entre outras, o exercício da direcção técnica da intervenção processual dos órgãos subordinados do Ministério Público, realça a importância da existência de uma estreita articulação entre o SERNIC e o Ministério Público.\n\nO Guia de Boas Práticas na Investigação Criminal em Moçambique abarca diversas temáticas essenciais para o exercício das funções dos investigadores criminais e começa por descrever os crimes de competência de investigação do SERNIC; os prazos em que devem ser realizados determinados actos processuais; a notícia do crime; o tratamento que deve ser dado à denúncia; a diferenciação entre a denúncia, participação e queixa. \n\nFoi produzido pela equipa do International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) do Basel Institute on Governance em Moçambique em colaboração com a Procuradoria-Geral da República no contexto do Programa Anticorrupção e Responsabilização, um programa de assistência técnica implementado pelo ICAR, com financiamento da Agência Suíça para o Desenvolvimento e Cooperação (SDC) (Moçambique).\n\n### English\n\nThis *Guide to Good Practices in Criminal Investigation in Mozambique *is an essential and practical tool for investigators from the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC) in their day-to-day work. It is in line with the Statutory Laws of the National Criminal Investigation Service and the Public Prosecutor's Office, namely Law n.º 2\u002F2017, of 9 January, and Law n.º 1\u002F2022, of 12 January.\n\nIt was developed with the contribution of the Specialised Department for Criminal Affairs of the Attorney General's Office of Mozambique. This Department is responsible, among other things, for technical oversight over the procedural activities of the subordinate bodies of the Public Prosecutor's Office. It highlights the importance of close coordination between SERNIC and the Public Prosecutor's Office.\n\nThe Guide to Good Practices in Criminal Investigation covers several topics that are essential for criminal investigators to carry out their duties. It begins by describing the crimes that SERNIC is responsible for investigating; the time limits within which certain procedural acts must be carried out; the crime report; the treatment that must be given to the complaint; and differentiating between the complaint and the report.\n\nIt was produced by the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) of the Basel Institute on Governance in Mozambique, with the collaboration of the Attorney General's Office. The development of the guide took place in the context of the Anti-Corruption and Accountability Programme, a technical assistance programme implemented by ICAR with funding from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in Mozambique.",[21],"Portuguese",[32],"2023-11-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F411f8e20-8da9-4f81-92fe-339763caae32?width=600&height=840",[],[],[465],{"authors_id":466},{"id":467,"name":468},534,"Carlos Costa",[470],{"countries_id":471},{"id":472,"name":473},156,"Mozambique",[],[476],2369,[28],[458],"2024-01-24T11:04:47.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:45.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fguia-de-boas-praticas-na-investigacao-criminal-em-mocambique",{"id":483,"slug":484,"title":485,"status":6,"nid":486,"year":16,"body":487,"external":19,"topic":488,"language":15,"type":489,"date_published":490,"image":491,"citation":14,"publisher":344,"link_internal":492,"link_external":493,"authors":497,"countries":504,"tags":509,"pdf":512,"topics":513,"featured":19,"languages":514,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":515,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":516,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":517},2306,"swiss-peruvian-asset-recovery-case-boosts-prospects-non-conviction-based-forfeiture","A Swiss–Peruvian asset recovery case boosts prospects for non-conviction based forfeiture",2493,"In an article published in the inaugural issue of the Bulletin of The International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators, Oscar Solorzano and Gretta Fenner analyse a recent decision of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court, which cleared the way for returning funds tied to corruption to Peru. The decision sets an important precedent for the use of non-conviction based forfeiture laws to recover illicit assets in the absence of a criminal conviction. This is a crucial step in the fight against global corruption. \n\nThe Bulletin is a new publication from The International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators. It has been established to transmit the work of Academy Fellows, draw attention to matters of importance to the legal community and provide high-level analysis of cutting-edge issues in global financial crime investigations and litigation. The Basel Institute on Governance acts as Secretariat to the Academy.",[21],[31],"2023-06-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F17760cb2-f1dd-45f5-9816-325062913bd7?width=600&height=840",[],[494],{"url":495,"caption":496},"https:\u002F\u002Fedit.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F70756bf9-c043-49a2-a6fa-c78057ddd52c.pdf","Summer Bulletin of the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[498,502],{"authors_id":499},{"id":500,"name":501},297,"Gretta Fenner",{"authors_id":503},{"id":140,"name":141},[505,507],{"countries_id":506},{"id":279,"name":280},{"countries_id":508},{"id":394,"name":395},[510],{"tags_id":511},{"id":154,"name":155},[],[28],[15],"2023-08-02T10:04:35.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:40.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fswiss-peruvian-asset-recovery-case-boosts-prospects-non-conviction-based-forfeiture",1780676594958]