[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":573},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-quick-guide-24-internal-controls-and-anti-corruption":3,"related-quick-guide-24-internal-controls-and-anti-corruption":130},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":23,"link_external":27,"featured":19,"topics":31,"languages":33,"type":34,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":36,"countries":47,"tags":48,"pdf":89,"authors":112},1759,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:53:16.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:04.000Z",2188,"quick-guide-24-internal-controls-and-anti-corruption","Quick Guide 24: Internal controls and anti-corruption","Broadly, “internal controls” refers to systems of policies, procedures and practices to prevent, detect and respond to issues, errors and irregularities. \n\nSystems of internal control can be very effective in addressing corrupt conduct, which is the focus of this quick guide. But internal controls can also address other problems that affect an organisation’s efficiency and effectiveness, such as poor employee performance or the failure to accomplish important organisational goals. \n\nThe guide outlines what internal controls are, gives examples of internal controls in a public institution, and emphasises success factors – like independence, real consequences and credible reporting channels.\n\nThe guide is of broad relevance, but linked to a pilot project of the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption\u003C\u002Fa> team. The project seeks to assess and make recommendations to strengthen internal controls relating to wildlife crime investigations and prosecutions in three countries.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nThis work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.","","English",2022,"Basel Institute on Governance","2022-02-24",false,[21,22],"Compliance","Green Corruption",[24],{"url":25,"caption":26},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[28],{"url":29,"caption":30},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=121"," View on Basel LEARN",[32,22],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[15],[35],"Quick Guide",{"id":37,"storage":38,"filename_disk":39,"filename_download":40,"title":41,"type":42,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":43,"width":44,"height":45,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":46,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"b2cec882-c09d-4cd1-8ab4-b40c6effdd2a","local","b2cec882-c09d-4cd1-8ab4-b40c6effdd2a.jpg","QG-24-cover.jpg","Quick guide to internal controls and anti-corruption","image\u002Fjpeg",416002,1240,1754,{},[],[49,72],{"id":50,"publications_id":51,"tags_id":69},4834,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":8,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":37,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":54,"link_internal":55,"link_external":57,"featured":19,"topics":59,"languages":60,"type":61,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":62,"tags":63,"pdf":65,"authors":67},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[56],{"url":25,"caption":26},[58],{"url":29,"caption":30},[32,22],[15],[35],[],[50,64],4835,[66],1785,[68],1930,{"id":70,"name":71},1378,"Public financial management",{"id":64,"publications_id":73,"tags_id":86},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":8,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":37,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":74,"link_internal":75,"link_external":77,"featured":19,"topics":79,"languages":80,"type":81,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":82,"tags":83,"pdf":84,"authors":85},[21,22],[76],{"url":25,"caption":26},[78],{"url":29,"caption":30},[32,22],[15],[35],[],[50,64],[66],[68],{"id":87,"name":88},859,"Corruption risks",[90],{"id":66,"publications_id":91,"directus_files_id":104},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":8,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":37,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":92,"link_internal":93,"link_external":95,"featured":19,"topics":97,"languages":98,"type":99,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":100,"tags":101,"pdf":102,"authors":103},[21,22],[94],{"url":25,"caption":26},[96],{"url":29,"caption":30},[32,22],[15],[35],[],[50,64],[66],[68],{"id":105,"storage":38,"filename_disk":106,"filename_download":107,"title":107,"type":108,"folder":109,"uploaded_by":52,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":110,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":111,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"6945c506-5a63-40a2-afe9-3841698fd287","6945c506-5a63-40a2-afe9-3841698fd287.pdf","Quick-guide-24-internal-controls.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",851064,"PDF: Quick Guide 24: Internal controls and anti-corruption",[113],{"id":68,"publications_id":114,"authors_id":127},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":8,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":37,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":115,"link_internal":116,"link_external":118,"featured":19,"topics":120,"languages":121,"type":122,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":123,"tags":124,"pdf":125,"authors":126},[21,22],[117],{"url":25,"caption":26},[119],{"url":29,"caption":30},[32,22],[15],[35],[],[50,64],[66],[68],{"id":128,"name":129,"position":7,"image":7},353,"Rebecca Batts",[131,178,251,290,324,353,399,446,488,537],{"id":132,"slug":133,"title":134,"status":6,"nid":135,"year":136,"body":137,"external":19,"topic":138,"language":15,"type":141,"date_published":142,"image":143,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":144,"link_external":146,"authors":147,"countries":156,"tags":157,"pdf":172,"topics":174,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":175,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":176,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":177},2395,"quick-guide-39-business-integrity-and-ethics","Quick Guide 39: Business integrity and ethics",2785,2025,"The changing landscape of anti-corruption regulation and enforcement has triggered important discussions around the role of ethics and compliance in business strategies and in the economy as a whole. It has also given impetus to the narrative that anti-corruption compliance programmes are inevitably costly, potentially ineffective and bureaucratic. \n\nThis ignores many of the positive advances in compliance that have been made in recent years, as well as the growing body of evidence supporting the business case for compliance.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers five broad areas in which mature and well-constructed ethics and compliance systems can benefit businesses even in the face of an uncertain regulatory and enforcement framework. It is based on a roundtable convened by the Basel Institute on Governance and bilateral discussions with key figures in the business and anti-corruption community.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[139,140],"Collective Action","Private Sector",[35],"2025-03-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9a75cbfc-a56c-4739-b683-d2122f94d9bc?width=600&height=840",[145],{"url":25,"caption":26},[],[148,152],{"authors_id":149},{"id":150,"name":151},298,"Vanessa Hans",{"authors_id":153},{"id":154,"name":155},296,"Monica Guy",[],[158,162,166,170],{"tags_id":159},{"id":160,"name":161},830,"Business integrity",{"tags_id":163},{"id":164,"name":165},1274,"Ethics",{"tags_id":167},{"id":168,"name":169},1380,"Sustainability",{"tags_id":171},{"id":87,"name":88},[173],2436,[139,140,32],"2025-03-25T17:05:22.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:52.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-39-business-integrity-and-ethics",{"id":179,"slug":180,"title":181,"status":6,"nid":182,"year":183,"body":184,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":185,"date_published":187,"image":188,"citation":7,"publisher":17,"link_internal":189,"link_external":196,"authors":197,"countries":218,"tags":231,"pdf":242,"topics":244,"featured":19,"languages":245,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":246,"user_updated":247,"date_updated":248,"main_points":7,"short_version":249,"subtitle":7,"link":250},2439,"corruption-risk-management-latam-timber-value-chain","Preventing corruption in the timber value chain: Risk management experiences in Latin America",2927,2026,"Corruption in the timber value chain is a major challenge for environmental sustainability and governance in Latin America.\n\nThis report presents the application of a corruption risk management approach by environmental authorities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, implemented through technical assistance from the Basel Institute on Governance’s [Green Corruption programme](http:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption).\n\n[**Download the report here**](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-04\u002F260401_Preventing-corruption-in-the-timber-value-chain_Latam.pdf)\n\n### Key corruption risks\n\nThe report describes the main corruption risks identified in collaboration with five environmental authorities responsible for integrity in the timber value chain, covering:\n\n- The granting of forestry rights\n- The issuance and use of timber transport waybills\n- The control and supervision of authorised actors.\n\nThe main corruption risks identified involve:\n\n- Improper agreements between public servants and third parties\n- Abuse of authority\n- Undue influence or pressure from superiors\n\n### Mitigation measures\n\nPlanned mitigation measures fall into four main categories:\n\n- Regulatory improvements, including updating procedures, closing implementation gaps and improving efficiency\n- Strengthened supervision, such as file tracking systems and alerts to reduce discretion\n- Enhanced communication, including multicultural approaches for Indigenous and rural communities\n- Cross-cutting measures to promote integrity such as awareness-raising, ethical reflection and training\n\nGiven common patterns across natural resource sectors, these measures may be relevant for other environmental agencies, though they should be adapted to local contexts.\n\n### Lessons learned\n\nThe experiences in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru highlight the importance of tailoring risk management approaches to national contexts, ensuring institutional leadership and fostering inter-institutional collaboration. They also underline the value of peer learning and cross-border exchange.",[186],"Report","2026-04-02","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa4345633-502b-4784-b391-b3ca6bafb2c5?width=600&height=840",[190,193],{"url":191,"caption":192},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fprotecting-forests-through-corruption-prevention-videos-on-promising-initiatives-in-bolivia-ecuador-and-peru-2726","Learn more about protecting forests through corruption prevention",{"url":194,"caption":195},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fjoining-forces-to-protect-the-amazon-forest-and-its-communities-from-corruption-2717","Read related news",[],[198,202,206,210,214],{"authors_id":199},{"id":200,"name":201},586,"Aldo Bautista",{"authors_id":203},{"id":204,"name":205},587,"Mirtha Muniz",{"authors_id":207},{"id":208,"name":209},588,"Karla Coronado",{"authors_id":211},{"id":212,"name":213},589,"Patricia Torres",{"authors_id":215},{"id":216,"name":217},590,"Francisco Bustamante",[219,223,227],{"countries_id":220},{"id":221,"name":222},171,"Peru",{"countries_id":224},{"id":225,"name":226},28,"Bolivia",{"countries_id":228},{"id":229,"name":230},60,"Ecuador",[232,236,240],{"tags_id":233},{"id":234,"name":235},1303,"Environment",{"tags_id":237},{"id":238,"name":239},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"tags_id":241},{"id":87,"name":88},[243],2494,[22],[15],"2026-06-01T22:10:25.000Z","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30","2026-06-02T21:18:25.000Z","Corruption in the timber value chain represents a major challenge for environmental sustainability\nand governance in Latin America. This report introduces the application of a **corruption risk\nmanagement approach** by environmental authorities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. This\napproach was implemented within the framework of technical assistance provided by the Green\nCorruption programme of the Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nCorruption refers to the misuse of entrusted power for private gain, often leading to increased\ninequality, poverty and social division. The concept of “green corruption” addresses the impact of\ncorruption as a major driver of environmental devastation and increased risk of harm to the\nenvironment and natural resources. Corruption risk refers to the possibility of a corrupt act\noccurring, but does not necessarily mean that a corrupt act has taken place. Mitigation measures\n– based on identified corruption risks, their impacts and likelihoods – are typically a prioritised set\nof recommended actions to address weaknesses, allocate resources, seek external support or\noffset the impact of negative conditions.\n\nUtilising the Green Corruption programme’s corruption risk management approach,\nrepresentatives of the environmental authorities identified corruption risks within the timber value\nchain related to **three key risk contexts**:\n1. The granting of forestry rights\n2. The issuance and use of timber transport waybills\n3. The control and supervision of authorised actors.\n\n**Priority areas of concern** included documentary procedures, physical inspections and the\nadministrative sanctioning procedure.\n\n**Specific corruption risks** identified involved:\n- the potential for improper agreements between public servants and third parties;\n- abuse of authority; and\n- undue influence or other improper pressures from hierarchical superiors within organisations.\n\nThe majority of planned **mitigation measures** can be grouped into four categories:\n- **Regulatory improvement**, to be accomplished by reviewing and updating administrative procedures, closing implementation gaps and other opportunities for corruption and improving operating efficiency.\n- **Strengthened supervision** through the implementation of file tracking systems and alerts as well as the use of verification formats in the approval of forestry rights and the issuance of timber transport waybills, and other practices that reduce the discretion of operational units.\n- **Enhanced communication strategies** to support information exchange and joint action within the timber value chain. Specifically, a multicultural strategy was developed as a way of reducing the vulnerability to corruption for Indigenous and rural farming communities.\n- **Cross-cutting measures** to promote integrity through awareness-raising, ethical reflection and training for public servants and other actors in the timber value chain.\n\nThis document concludes with lessons learned and recommendations, highlighting the\nimportance of tailoring the approach to recognise the unique context of each country, its\ninstitutional leadership in risk management and the contribution of inter-institutional collaborative\nwork. The risk management experiences in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru also highlight the value of\npeer learning and the exchange of experiences, including across national borders.\n\nIn summary, this publication offers a practical approach for implementing corruption risk\nmanagement as an effective tool to reduce the likelihood of corrupt or unethical behaviour and to\nstrengthen the institutional framework for the timber value chain in Latin America.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcorruption-risk-management-latam-timber-value-chain",{"id":252,"slug":253,"title":254,"status":6,"nid":255,"year":136,"body":256,"external":19,"topic":257,"language":258,"type":259,"date_published":260,"image":261,"citation":14,"publisher":262,"link_internal":263,"link_external":264,"authors":268,"countries":269,"tags":274,"pdf":283,"topics":285,"featured":19,"languages":286,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":287,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":288,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":289},2394,"corruption-risks-forestry-sector-ukraine","Corruption risks in the forestry sector in Ukraine",2778,"This report identifies the most widespread corruption risks affecting Ukraine’s forestry sector and the state-owned enterprise Forests of Ukraine. It also formulates recommendations to mitigate the key risks.\n\nIt is based on a comprehensive analysis of corruption risks in the forestry sector conducted by experts from the National Agency on Corruption Prevention, together with the Specialized Environmental Prosecutor's Office of the Prosecutor General's Office, the Basel Institute on Governance and WWF Ukraine.\n\nThe complete report is available in Ukrainian and the summary in English (forthcoming).\n\n### About this report and acknowledgments\n\nThis publication has been made possible with the support of Switzerland through the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.\n\nThe contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel",[22],"Ukrainian",[186],"2025-03-03","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F284fe1b2-2678-4885-a391-5587c5ebcda7?width=600&height=840","National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) of Ukraine",[],[265],{"url":266,"caption":267},"route:\u003Cnolink>"," Download the summary (English) - forthcoming",[],[270],{"countries_id":271},{"id":272,"name":273},225,"Ukraine",[275,277,281],{"tags_id":276},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":278},{"id":279,"name":280},804,"Natural resources",{"tags_id":282},{"id":234,"name":235},[284],2435,[22],[258],"2025-03-03T23:05:15.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcorruption-risks-forestry-sector-ukraine",{"id":291,"slug":292,"title":293,"status":6,"nid":243,"year":294,"body":295,"external":19,"topic":296,"language":15,"type":297,"date_published":299,"image":300,"citation":14,"publisher":301,"link_internal":302,"link_external":306,"authors":310,"countries":313,"tags":314,"pdf":317,"topics":319,"featured":19,"languages":320,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":321,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":322,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":323},2307,"guide-strengthening-internal-controls-prevent-corruption-illegal-wildlife-trade","Guide to strengthening internal controls to prevent corruption in illegal wildlife trade enforcement",2023,"This how-to guide was developed for programme managers and donors who seek to understand and assess the strength of internal control functions in government agencies responsible for enforcing laws against illegal wildlife trade (IWT). \n\nIt provides detailed steps and guidance based on experience implementing assessments of internal controls, but a scan of the guide may also be helpful for conservation practitioners who want to understand more about how internal controls systems should work to reduce risks posed by corruption. Such an assessment can aid strategic efforts to enhance the integrity of government operations and to reduce the negative impact of corruption on the enforcement of IWT laws. \n\nThough this guide focuses on IWT, the same approach can be useful in other areas of natural resource management, such as forests and fisheries.\n\nIt was developed under the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa> as part of a wider research collaboration between the Basel Institute and Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ftnrcproject.org\u002F\">TNRC\u003C\u002Fa>) project consortium. \n\n### About the TNRC project\n\nThe TNRC project seeks to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming on the ground.\n\nA USAID-funded project, TNRC is implemented by a consortium of leading organizations in anti-corruption, natural resource management, and conservation: World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, TRAFFIC, and the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at George Mason University.",[22],[298],"Guidelines","2023-08-03","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd66b3b59-37bd-4657-be13-b0c5556d9476?width=600&height=840","Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project",[303],{"url":304,"caption":305},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finternal-controls-and-illegal-wildlife-trade-systemic-approach-corruption-prevention"," View related topic brief",[307],{"url":308,"caption":309},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-guide-how-to-guide-strengthening-internal-controls-to-prevent-corruption-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement","View on TNRC website",[311],{"authors_id":312},{"id":128,"name":129},[],[315],{"tags_id":316},{"id":70,"name":71},[318],2343,[22],[15],"2023-08-03T10:04:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:40.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fguide-strengthening-internal-controls-prevent-corruption-illegal-wildlife-trade",{"id":325,"slug":326,"title":327,"status":6,"nid":328,"year":294,"body":329,"external":19,"topic":330,"language":15,"type":331,"date_published":333,"image":334,"citation":14,"publisher":301,"link_internal":335,"link_external":338,"authors":341,"countries":342,"tags":343,"pdf":346,"topics":348,"featured":19,"languages":349,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":350,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":351,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":352},2281,"guide-conducting-corruption-risk-assessments-wildlife-law-enforcement-context","Guide to conducting corruption risk assessments in a wildlife law enforcement context",2447,"This guide is a high-level “how-to” for carrying out a corruption risk assessment in a conservation\u002Fenvironmental law enforcement context, using the Map, Characterize, Assess, and Recommend (MCAR) approach designed by the Basel Institute on Governance. \n\n\n- The first section covers planning: the resources, timing, and other considerations for setting up the assessment. \n- The second section lays out each step of the assessment, with tips, basic instructions, and implementation recommendations for each stage. \n- Finally, the annexes provide sample supporting materials, including a simplified process diagram and map, a sample questionnaire for interviews, and a basic confidentiality agreement.\n\n\nIt was developed under the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa> as part of a wider research collaboration between the Basel Institute and Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ftnrcproject.org\u002F\">TNRC\u003C\u002Fa>) project consortium. \n\n### About the TNRC project\n\nThe TNRC project seeks to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming on the ground.\n\nA USAID-funded project, TNRC is implemented by a consortium of leading organizations in anti-corruption, natural resource management, and conservation: World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, TRAFFIC, and the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at George Mason University.",[22],[332],"Article","2023-05-23","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F39153f88-1965-485c-8560-d82fb410d6c5?width=600&height=840",[336],{"url":337,"caption":305},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwhere-are-weakest-links-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement-chain-lessons-corruption",[339],{"url":340,"caption":309},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-guide-to-conducting-corruption-risk-assessments-in-a-wildlife-law-enforcement-context",[],[],[344],{"tags_id":345},{"id":87,"name":88},[347],2316,[22],[15],"2023-05-23T10:04:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fguide-conducting-corruption-risk-assessments-wildlife-law-enforcement-context",{"id":354,"slug":355,"title":356,"status":6,"nid":357,"year":16,"body":358,"external":19,"topic":359,"language":15,"type":360,"date_published":361,"image":362,"citation":14,"publisher":301,"link_internal":363,"link_external":364,"authors":368,"countries":383,"tags":384,"pdf":393,"topics":395,"featured":19,"languages":396,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":397,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":398,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":337},1753,"where-are-weakest-links-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement-chain-lessons-corruption","Where are the weakest links in the illegal wildlife trade enforcement chain? Lessons from corruption risk assessments with agencies in three countries",2214,"This Practice Note:\n\n\n- Summarizes experiences and lessons from conducting corruption risk assessments (CRAs) with authorities responsible for investigations and prosecutions of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) cases in three countries in Africa and Latin America. It seeks to demonstrate the value of adopting a collaborative approach to CRAs, illustrates potential avenues for pursuing such an approach when the right factors are in place, and demonstrates how mapping the criminal justice process provides a solid starting point to identify critical vulnerabilities. The note also highlights factors that might recommend another approach, for example where collaboration cannot be assured.\n- Highlights some common risks that emerged from the CRAs in the three countries and that may negatively affect the progress of IWT cases in other countries. Still, corruption risks vary among countries and agency contexts, and it is not always feasible for practitioners to conduct or initiate a CRA. These general insights can help point practitioners to possible vulnerabilities to look out for.\n\n\nThe practice note was developed by team members of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa> as part of a wider research collaboration between the Basel Institute and the TNRC project consortium. \n\n### Takeaways\n\n\n- Effective enforcement against illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and related crimes is a vital component of wildlife conservation, but corruption risks within law enforcement agencies can undermine their ability to investigate and prosecute such cases. Supporting agencies to identify, evaluate, prioritize, and mitigate their corruption risks can help improve enforcement outcomes, assign scarce resources to areas that pose the highest risks, and build trust and cooperation with other agencies and stakeholders.\n- This TNRC Practice Note describes the lessons and insights from a three-country corruption risk assessment (CRA) exercise, using a collaborative approach that involves engaging with agency staff and relevant stakeholders to illuminate and systematically evaluate major risks. This is a sensitive process that requires strong relationships with agency leadership and a deep understanding of local political, social, and economic factors.\n- In all three countries, mitigating high-priority corruption risks in law enforcement agencies required a constructive, pragmatic, and sustained approach. Working jointly and acknowledging agencies’ political, capacity, and resource constraints can therefore represent a viable alternative to simply penalizing corrupt practices through investigations and audits.\n- Experience suggests that mapping the criminal justice process’ decision points is a crucial first step that builds shared understanding across stakeholders and helps identify corruption risk areas. It can take substantial investments of time to produce such maps, but that investment is usually warranted as it ensures researchers and stakeholders are speaking the same language.\n\n\n### About the TNRC project\n\nThe TNRC project seeks to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming on the ground.\n\nA USAID-funded project, TNRC is implemented by a consortium of leading organizations in anti-corruption, natural resource management, and conservation: World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, TRAFFIC, and the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at George Mason University.",[22],[332,186],"2022-04-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5f8a6994-0803-4ade-aac0-7a2ba8a398db?width=600&height=840",[],[365],{"url":366,"caption":367},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-where-are-the-weakest-links-in-the-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement-chain-lessons-from-corruption-risk-assessments-with-agencies-in-three-countries","View publication online on TNRC website",[369,373,377,381],{"authors_id":370},{"id":371,"name":372},314,"Manuel Medina",{"authors_id":374},{"id":375,"name":376},299,"Juhani Grossmann",{"authors_id":378},{"id":379,"name":380},361,"Taradhinta Suryandari",{"authors_id":382},{"id":154,"name":155},[],[385,387,389],{"tags_id":386},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":388},{"id":234,"name":235},{"tags_id":390},{"id":391,"name":392},1374,"Law enforcement",[394],1781,[22],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:12.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:10.000Z",{"id":400,"slug":401,"title":402,"status":6,"nid":403,"year":136,"body":404,"external":19,"topic":405,"language":15,"type":408,"date_published":409,"image":410,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":411,"link_external":413,"authors":414,"countries":423,"tags":424,"pdf":437,"topics":439,"featured":441,"languages":442,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":443,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":444,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":445},2393,"qg38","Quick Guide 38: Border corruption",2766,"Border corruption – defined simply as an illegal exchange between border officials and private actors – is a complex phenomenon with serious impacts on safety, health and security. And stopping it isn’t as easy as just stepping up enforcement.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers the what, who and why of border corruption. It is based on deep research for the EU-funded \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Ffalcon-takes-basel-institute-contribute-anti-corruption-expertise-eu-research-project\">FALCON project\u003C\u002Fa>. More such research is needed to help design effective strategies to prevent corruption from undermining border security.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[406,407],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[35],"2025-02-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F527d8fca-b273-4fce-aa2f-d58c09b6f41b?width=600&height=840",[412],{"url":25,"caption":26},[],[415,419],{"authors_id":416},{"id":417,"name":418},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":420},{"id":421,"name":422},559,"Dr Saba Kassa",[],[425,427,431,435],{"tags_id":426},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":428},{"id":429,"name":430},967,"Organised crime",{"tags_id":432},{"id":433,"name":434},973,"Corruption",{"tags_id":436},{"id":391,"name":392},[438],2434,[440],"Prevention Research and Innovation",true,[15],"2025-02-27T11:05:31.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:51.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg38",{"id":447,"slug":448,"title":449,"status":6,"nid":450,"year":16,"body":451,"external":19,"topic":452,"language":15,"type":455,"date_published":456,"image":457,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":458,"link_external":460,"authors":463,"countries":468,"tags":469,"pdf":480,"topics":482,"featured":19,"languages":484,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":52,"date_created":485,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":486,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":487},2200,"quick-guide-26-national-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-risk-assessments","Quick Guide 26: National money laundering and terrorist financing risk assessments",2235,"This quick guide explains the role of national risk assessments in addressing money laundering and terrorist financing (ML\u002FTF) risks.\n\nIt explains how national risk assessments are conducted, challenges in terms of methodology and data availability, and how well countries are doing at performing them.\n\nNRAs are a critical element of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards on ML\u002FTF. They also provide data in special reports of the Basel AML Index.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nThis work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[453,454],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery",[35],"2022-06-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff9f605aa-1d2d-42eb-b4cd-b0a30afa87e4?width=600&height=840",[459],{"url":25,"caption":26},[461],{"url":462,"caption":30},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=133",[464],{"authors_id":465},{"id":466,"name":467},301,"Kateryna Boguslavska",[],[470,474,476],{"tags_id":471},{"id":472,"name":473},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":475},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":477},{"id":478,"name":479},867,"Financial crime",[481],2238,[453,483],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],"2022-06-16T13:29:18.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:59.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-26-national-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-risk-assessments",{"id":489,"slug":490,"title":491,"status":6,"nid":492,"year":183,"body":493,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":494,"date_published":495,"image":496,"citation":7,"publisher":7,"link_internal":497,"link_external":498,"authors":502,"countries":519,"tags":524,"pdf":531,"topics":533,"featured":19,"languages":534,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":246,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":535,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":536},2437,"evolution-corruption-and-crimes-kapitan-andreevo-border-checkpoint-impact-eu-accession","The Evolution of Corruption and Crimes at Kapitan Andreevo Border Checkpoint: The Impact of EU Accession",2960,"Published in the _Journal of Illicit Trade, Financial Crime, and Compliance_, this article examines how Bulgaria’s 2007 accession to the European Union transformed illegal activities and corruption at the Kapitan Andreevo border checkpoint.\n\nWhile the introduction of stricter EU regulations and advanced surveillance technology aimed to secure the border, these measures had the effect of transforming criminal strategies and corruption. The authors detail a shift from blatant smuggling to more sophisticated financial frauds, VAT carousel schemes and the illicit privatisation of public border functions.\n\nThe article highlights that in some cases, it was the bribery schemes that evolved to bypass new standards. In other cases – particularly involving drug trafficking and the smuggling of human beings – it was the criminal strategies that transformed, including advanced concealment methods or new smuggling routes.\n\nThe study also offers a nuanced perspective on the relationship between corruption and criminal activites at border checkpoints: stronger capacity to counter criminal activities could lead to an increase in the risk of corruption, while a more coherent anti corruption framework could trigger criminal activities to evolve. Ultimately, the article argues that anti-crime and anti-corruption policies must account for this evolutionary nature.",[332],"2026-05-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F2a662dae-21a7-4e84-971d-1c8a70f4754b?width=600&height=840",[],[499],{"url":500,"caption":501},"https:\u002F\u002Fjitfccjournal.com\u002Findex.php\u002Fjitfcc\u002Farticle\u002Fview\u002F16","View on Journal website",[503,507,511,515],{"authors_id":504},{"id":505,"name":506},304,"Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":508},{"id":509,"name":510},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":512},{"id":513,"name":514},584,"Noémi Jäger",{"authors_id":516},{"id":517,"name":518},303,"Saba Kassa",[520],{"countries_id":521},{"id":522,"name":523},22,"Bulgaria",[525,527],{"tags_id":526},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":528},{"id":529,"name":530},982,"Anti-corruption",[532],2492,[440],[15],"2026-06-01T22:34:25.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fevolution-corruption-and-crimes-kapitan-andreevo-border-checkpoint-impact-eu-accession",{"id":538,"slug":539,"title":540,"status":6,"nid":541,"year":183,"body":542,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":543,"date_published":544,"image":545,"citation":546,"publisher":17,"link_internal":547,"link_external":550,"authors":551,"countries":558,"tags":559,"pdf":566,"topics":568,"featured":19,"languages":569,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":246,"user_updated":53,"date_updated":570,"main_points":7,"short_version":571,"subtitle":7,"link":572},2438,"how-technology-can-support-border-corruption-investigations","Tackling the complexity of border corruption: How technological tools such as the project FALCON dashboard can support investigations",2953,"Corruption at land and sea borders facilitates smuggling, sanctions evasion, tax offences and the entry of counterfeit, substandard or unsafe goods into countries including EU member states. This report conceptualises border corruption as a complex system of actors, events and illicit exchanges that is difficult to detect and investigate.\n\nDrawing on research from the Horizon Europe FALCON (Fight Against Large-scale Corruption and Organised Crime Networks) project, it explores how innovative technological tools – illustrated by the “FALCON dashboard” – can help investigators manage, visualise, interpret and report large volumes of heterogeneous data in support of more effective investigations.\n\n### About this report\n\nYou may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en) licence.\n\nThis report was written as part of the FALCON project. FALCON is funded under the European Union’s Horizon Europe Framework Program Grant Agreement ID 101121281. The Basel Institute on Governance, as an associated partner without the right to receive funds directly from the European Research Executive Agency, has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI).\n\nThe contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union, the European Research Executive Agency or SERI.",[186],"2026-04-20","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F83e615dd-a58e-4dec-a3d3-40b0cfe4cd32?width=600&height=840","Costa, Jacopo, and Marco San Biagio. 2026. “Tackling the complexity of border corruption: How technological tools such as the project FALCON dashboard can support investigations”. Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fhow-technology-can-support-border-corruption-investigations",[548],{"url":445,"caption":549},"Read Quick Guide to border corruption",[],[552,554],{"authors_id":553},{"id":505,"name":506},{"authors_id":555},{"id":556,"name":557},585,"Marco San Biagio",[],[560,562],{"tags_id":561},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":563},{"id":564,"name":565},1377,"Technology",[567],2493,[440],[15],"2026-06-02T14:08:57.000Z","Corruption at land and sea borders facilitates smuggling, sanctions evasion, tax offences and\nthe entry of counterfeit, substandard or unsafe goods into countries including EU member\nstates. It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that poses significant challenges to law\nenforcement. Based on a literature review and empirical research including interviews and\ncase studies, this report conceptualises border corruption as a dynamic system of actors,\nevents and illicit exchanges. It also assesses how new technologies and innovations can\nstrengthen investigations.\n\nBorder areas are spaces that bring together a variety of public and private actors, regulatory\nfunctions and illicit activities. Corruption is structurally embedded, making it difficult to detect\nand investigate. Investigations in this context require the integration and interpretation of large\nvolumes of heterogeneous data spanning administrative records, financial transactions,\ncorporate structures, border crossing data and information from social media.\n\nThis level of complexity can result in information overload, fragmented analysis and limited\ncapacity to extract actionable insights for planning law enforcement operations. Additionally,\nissues with reporting and information sharing can hinder collaboration between field operatives\nand their line managers and superiors, who have critical responsibilities in terms of case\nmanagement and financial planning.\n\nBuilding on research conducted within the Horizon Europe FALCON (Fight Against Largescale Corruption and Organised Crime Networks) project, the report presents one of the\nproject’s technological outputs as an example of how technology can be leveraged: the\nFALCON dashboard. Currently in the piloting phase, this innovative tool has been designed to\nsupport investigations into border corruption and related offences by enabling the systematic\ncollection, integration, visualisation and analysis of investigative information and evidence.\nThis report demonstrates how the FALCON dashboard can assist investigators in managing\nhybrid data sources (manual and automated), constructing and navigating evidence graphs,\nand identifying key actors and relational patterns. The tool also lets investigators track the\nevolution of their investigations over time. Particular attention is paid to the dashboard’s\ncapacity to reduce visual saturation, enable multi-level analysis and facilitate targeted queries,\nthereby enhancing sense-making and investigative prioritisation.\n\nAlthough the FALCON dashboard itself is not yet publicly available, its presentation in this\nreport provides inspiration for similar technological innovation. The report argues that tools\nsuch as the FALCON dashboard can bolster investigative capabilities by enhancing analytical\nclarity, operational efficiency and communication between investigators, supervisors,\nprosecutors and other relevant stakeholders. However, it also prompts the need for further  reflection on broader challenges relating to data quality, interoperability, institutional\ncoordination and data protection.\n\nOverall, the study provides a conceptual and practical framework for understanding how\ntechnological platforms can support evidence-based, adaptive responses to border corruption.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fhow-technology-can-support-border-corruption-investigations",1780676593897]