[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":652},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-qg37":3,"related-qg37":175},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":23,"link_external":30,"featured":31,"topics":32,"languages":34,"type":35,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":37,"countries":48,"tags":49,"pdf":92,"authors":139},2388,"published",null,"2025-02-10T11:05:55.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:50.000Z",2757,"qg37","Quick Guide 37: Strategic corruption","This quick guide is the second in a two-part series on the tangible yet under-addressed impacts of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36\">corruption on security\u003C\u002Fa> and the complex power dynamics at play.\n\nThis second guide goes deeper into a specific security threat: when states use corruption to gain power and influence over other states and even as a geopolitical tool.\n\nIt looks at common features characterising strategic corruption cases, explores what is *strategic* about it and what this means for governance and security. It highlights the usefulness of “strategic corruption” as an analytical concept, but also urges caution in using it to guide domestic security or foreign policy decisions, or approaches to countering corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.","","English",2025,"Basel Institute on Governance","2025-02-10",false,[21,22],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[24,27],{"url":25,"caption":26},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36"," View related Quick Guide to corruption and security",{"url":28,"caption":29},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[],true,[33],"Prevention Research and Innovation",[15],[36],"Quick Guide",{"id":38,"storage":39,"filename_disk":40,"filename_download":41,"title":42,"type":43,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":44,"width":45,"height":46,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":47,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"a55015c6-0d4a-467c-a507-41fff2ecc82f","local","a55015c6-0d4a-467c-a507-41fff2ecc82f.jpg?itok=RgUNVzPz","QG37-Strategic-corruption-cover-page.jpg?itok=RgUNVzPz","QG37_Strategic corruption_cover page.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",60102,500,707,{},[],[50,75],{"id":51,"publications_id":52,"tags_id":72},4736,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":8,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":38,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":55,"link_internal":56,"link_external":59,"featured":31,"topics":60,"languages":61,"type":62,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":63,"tags":64,"pdf":66,"authors":69},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[57,58],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[33],[15],[36],[],[51,65],4737,[67,68],2439,2440,[70,71],2587,2588,{"id":73,"name":74},973,"Corruption",{"id":65,"publications_id":76,"tags_id":89},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":8,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":38,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":77,"link_internal":78,"link_external":81,"featured":31,"topics":82,"languages":83,"type":84,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":85,"tags":86,"pdf":87,"authors":88},[21,22],[79,80],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[33],[15],[36],[],[51,65],[67,68],[70,71],{"id":90,"name":91},1376,"Defence and security",[93,118],{"id":67,"publications_id":94,"directus_files_id":107},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":8,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":38,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":95,"link_internal":96,"link_external":99,"featured":31,"topics":100,"languages":101,"type":102,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":103,"tags":104,"pdf":105,"authors":106},[21,22],[97,98],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[33],[15],[36],[],[51,65],[67,68],[70,71],{"id":108,"storage":39,"filename_disk":109,"filename_download":110,"title":111,"type":112,"folder":113,"uploaded_by":114,"created_on":115,"modified_by":114,"modified_on":116,"charset":7,"filesize":117,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":116},"a0fbf3a6-9c04-4071-9007-5111d900c73b","a0fbf3a6-9c04-4071-9007-5111d900c73b.pdf","QG37-Strategic corruption_84.pdf","Q G37 Strategic Corruption Skmg","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5","545a204d-e41b-4882-afda-481ecf3fd971","2025-04-08T06:10:11.000Z","2025-04-08T07:07:55.000Z",1302091,{"id":68,"publications_id":119,"directus_files_id":132},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":8,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":38,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":120,"link_internal":121,"link_external":124,"featured":31,"topics":125,"languages":126,"type":127,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":128,"tags":129,"pdf":130,"authors":131},[21,22],[122,123],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[33],[15],[36],[],[51,65],[67,68],[70,71],{"id":133,"storage":39,"filename_disk":134,"filename_download":135,"title":135,"type":112,"folder":113,"uploaded_by":53,"created_on":136,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":136,"charset":7,"filesize":137,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":138,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":136},"056ac6c3-f02b-4f92-8941-5a496169f751","056ac6c3-f02b-4f92-8941-5a496169f751.pdf","250210-Corruption-power-security-infographic.pdf","2025-02-10T11:05:57.000Z",205109," View infographic: How corruption affects power and security",[140,157],{"id":70,"publications_id":141,"authors_id":154},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":8,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":38,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":142,"link_internal":143,"link_external":146,"featured":31,"topics":147,"languages":148,"type":149,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":150,"tags":151,"pdf":152,"authors":153},[21,22],[144,145],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[33],[15],[36],[],[51,65],[67,68],[70,71],{"id":155,"name":156,"position":7,"image":7},559,"Dr Saba Kassa",{"id":71,"publications_id":158,"authors_id":171},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":8,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":38,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":159,"link_internal":160,"link_external":163,"featured":31,"topics":164,"languages":165,"type":166,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":167,"tags":168,"pdf":169,"authors":170},[21,22],[161,162],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[33],[15],[36],[],[51,65],[67,68],[70,71],{"id":172,"name":173,"position":7,"image":174},296,"Monica Guy","6d95cf25-5e8f-4eb1-b46a-daca726475db",[176,218,258,296,334,406,468,514,574,616],{"id":177,"slug":178,"title":179,"status":6,"nid":180,"year":16,"body":181,"external":19,"topic":182,"language":15,"type":183,"date_published":184,"image":185,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":186,"link_external":191,"authors":192,"countries":197,"tags":198,"pdf":211,"topics":214,"featured":31,"languages":215,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":216,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":217,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":25},2389,"qg36","Quick Guide 36: Corruption and security",2756,"How does corruption threaten national and international security, both directly and indirectly? Can viewing it through the lens of power offer deeper insights? And what might we achieve by framing corruption as a security concern?\n\nThis quick guide gives a short introduction to this complex issue as part of a two-part series on corruption, security and strategic corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[36],"2025-02-09","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7b63372a-9595-47eb-8bb8-88a3df6b9912?width=600&height=840",[187,190],{"url":188,"caption":189},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg37"," View related Quick Guide to strategic corruption",{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[193,195],{"authors_id":194},{"id":155,"name":156},{"authors_id":196},{"id":172,"name":173},[],[199,203,207,209],{"tags_id":200},{"id":201,"name":202},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":204},{"id":205,"name":206},967,"Organised crime",{"tags_id":208},{"id":90,"name":91},{"tags_id":210},{"id":73,"name":74},[212,213],2429,2430,[33],[15],"2025-02-10T11:05:56.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:51.000Z",{"id":219,"slug":220,"title":221,"status":6,"nid":222,"year":16,"body":223,"external":19,"topic":224,"language":15,"type":225,"date_published":226,"image":227,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":228,"link_external":230,"authors":231,"countries":238,"tags":239,"pdf":252,"topics":254,"featured":31,"languages":255,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":256,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":217,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":257},2393,"qg38","Quick Guide 38: Border corruption",2766,"Border corruption – defined simply as an illegal exchange between border officials and private actors – is a complex phenomenon with serious impacts on safety, health and security. And stopping it isn’t as easy as just stepping up enforcement.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers the what, who and why of border corruption. It is based on deep research for the EU-funded \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Ffalcon-takes-basel-institute-contribute-anti-corruption-expertise-eu-research-project\">FALCON project\u003C\u002Fa>. More such research is needed to help design effective strategies to prevent corruption from undermining border security.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[36],"2025-02-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F527d8fca-b273-4fce-aa2f-d58c09b6f41b?width=600&height=840",[229],{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[232,236],{"authors_id":233},{"id":234,"name":235},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":237},{"id":155,"name":156},[],[240,244,246,248],{"tags_id":241},{"id":242,"name":243},859,"Corruption risks",{"tags_id":245},{"id":205,"name":206},{"tags_id":247},{"id":73,"name":74},{"tags_id":249},{"id":250,"name":251},1374,"Law enforcement",[253],2434,[33],[15],"2025-02-27T11:05:31.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg38",{"id":259,"slug":260,"title":261,"status":6,"nid":262,"year":16,"body":263,"external":19,"topic":264,"language":15,"type":265,"date_published":266,"image":267,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":268,"link_external":276,"authors":277,"countries":282,"tags":283,"pdf":290,"topics":292,"featured":31,"languages":293,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":294,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":9,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":295},2387,"qg35","Quick Guide 35: Sexual corruption",2745,"Sexual corruption is a serious and under-recognised form of both corruption and sexual abuse. A particularly harmful form of corruption, it is difficult to measure and prosecute, and can have devastating physical and psychological impacts on survivors\u002Fvictims.\n\nAs it disproportionately affects women and marginalised groups, sexual corruption has an important impact on the advancement of gender equality and minority rights.\n\nThis Quick Guide explains the basics of sexual corruption: what it is, its prevalence and why it persists. It takes a brief look at strategies to combat sexual corruption, with a focus on challenging the underlying social norms that help to sustain it.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,22],[36],"2025-01-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Feaef85d0-af6f-4484-8800-2c0fb0bfb039?width=600&height=840",[269,270,273],{"url":28,"caption":29},{"url":271,"caption":272},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-10-social-norms-and-corruption","For more on social norms, see our Quick Guide 10: Social norms and corruption",{"url":274,"caption":275},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-6","For more on the prevalence of sexual corruption, see Research Case Study 6: Sextortion – an unaddressed form of corruption and sexual abuse",[],[278],{"authors_id":279},{"id":280,"name":281},557,"Jude Schönberg",[],[284,286],{"tags_id":285},{"id":73,"name":74},{"tags_id":287},{"id":288,"name":289},848,"Behavioural science",[291],2426,[33],[15],"2025-01-27T11:05:26.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg35",{"id":297,"slug":298,"title":299,"status":6,"nid":300,"year":16,"body":301,"external":19,"topic":302,"language":15,"type":303,"date_published":305,"image":306,"citation":307,"publisher":308,"link_internal":309,"link_external":310,"authors":314,"countries":321,"tags":326,"pdf":329,"topics":330,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":331,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":332,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":333},2402,"when-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic","When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse",2801,"A new peer-reviewed journal article looks into how corruption undermines democracies, with a specific focus on a context of weak governance.\n\n### Abstract\n\nMuch attention on strategic corruption has focused on how corruption can be weaponised to undermine democracy. This article takes a different angle, namely to understand this phenomenon from the perspective of the country that is the “target” of strategic corruption in a context of weak governance. The focus is on Sudan, where, in 2019, the civilian-military government led by Prime Minister Hamdok began an ambitious transition to democratic governance and adopting anti-corruption reforms, but this transition ended in 2023 with state collapse and conflict.\n\nUsing desk research and media analysis, the article explains the key points of contention among key actors and how external actors, through strategic corruption, became part of this story, ultimately helping to perpetuate the negative downward cycle.\n\nCritically, rather than framing countries in the Global South as passive victims of strategic corruption, the analysis shows that political actors are active antagonists and, in their efforts to resist reform, build alliances with external actors who can help them achieve their goals. What is exchanged is access to valuable resources, which fuels corruption and undermines governance.\n\n",[21,22],[304],"Article","2025-04-29","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5a1b9c44-e361-4428-92ae-3f1c5d75e750?width=600&height=840","Karar, H., & Kassa, S. (2025). When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse. *Public Integrity*, 1–14. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\">https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\u003C\u002Fa>","Public Integrity (Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group)",[],[311],{"url":312,"caption":313},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910","View article on publisher website",[315,317],{"authors_id":316},{"id":155,"name":156},{"authors_id":318},{"id":319,"name":320},563,"Haytham Karar",[322],{"countries_id":323},{"id":324,"name":325},193,"Sudan",[327],{"tags_id":328},{"id":73,"name":74},[],[33],"2025-04-30T10:05:28.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwhen-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic",{"id":335,"slug":336,"title":337,"status":6,"nid":338,"year":339,"body":340,"external":19,"topic":341,"language":15,"type":343,"date_published":345,"image":346,"citation":14,"publisher":347,"link_internal":348,"link_external":349,"authors":356,"countries":373,"tags":378,"pdf":399,"topics":401,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":402,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":403,"main_points":404,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":405},2433,"addressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition","Addressing conflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia’s energy transition",2936,2026,"This U4 Issue analyses Indonesia's ambitious energy transition and highlights how political finance, weak regulations and a \"revolving door\" of personnel between public office and the private sector create vulnerabilities. The publication was produced by U4 and the Basel Institute on Governance through its Green Corruption programme.\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-02\u002FAddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition_U4-Issue.pdf\">Download publication here\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\n### About the paper\n\nConflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia's political economy pose significant risks to its energy transition, including the Just Energy Transition Partnership. Existing legal and institutional frameworks are fragmented, inconsistently applied, and often fail to address the risk of state capture by powerful political and economic actors, especially in the extractive and energy sectors.\n\nThe reliance on fossil fuel industries for political financing and the monopolistic nature of state-owned entities further complicate the shift to a low- or no-carbon system, despite the country's ambitious renewable energy targets.\n\nPotential pathways to greater anti-corruption resilience lie in improvements to beneficial ownership transparency and strengthening regulation, monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations.\n",[342],"Green Corruption",[344],"Report","2026-02-24","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd97f2ca5-300d-45c9-9de9-33152b72f96c?width=600&height=840","U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre",[],[350,353],{"url":351,"caption":352},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," View on U4 website",{"url":354,"caption":355},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fblog\u002Fimproving-anti-corruption-resilience-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," Read related U4 blog",[357,361,365,369],{"authors_id":358},{"id":359,"name":360},581,"Robert Forster",{"authors_id":362},{"id":363,"name":364},582,"Aled Williams",{"authors_id":366},{"id":367,"name":368},523,"Lakso Anindito",{"authors_id":370},{"id":371,"name":372},579,"Dr Amanda Cabrejo le Roux",[374],{"countries_id":375},{"id":376,"name":377},99,"Indonesia",[379,381,385,389,393,397],{"tags_id":380},{"id":201,"name":202},{"tags_id":382},{"id":383,"name":384},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":386},{"id":387,"name":388},804,"Natural resources",{"tags_id":390},{"id":391,"name":392},1371,"Public governance",{"tags_id":394},{"id":395,"name":396},1236,"Compliance",{"tags_id":398},{"id":73,"name":74},[400],2489,[342],"2026-02-27T15:11:31.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:18.000Z","- Corruption and conflicts of interest are embedded in the energy transition process due to the strong links between political power, private wealth (especially from extractive industries) and public office holders.\n- Existing anti-corruption regulations are often vague, fragmented across different legal instruments, and suffer from inconsistent enforcement, which creates loopholes susceptible to manipulation.\n- Progress in renewable energy uptake is slowed by the enduring influence and interests of fossil fuel incumbents who benefit from subsidies that keep coal an artificially cheap and viable energy source.\n- The Just Energy Transition Partnership is vulnerable to misallocations due to concentrated decision-making power, limited transparency in project selection and insufficient involvement of national anti-corruption bodies and civil society in its planning.\n- Improving transparency of beneficial ownership and strengthening the monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations are possible pathways to build greater anti-corruption resilience, though these institutional efforts alone are insufficient to fully address state capture dynamics.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition",{"id":407,"slug":408,"title":409,"status":6,"nid":410,"year":411,"body":412,"external":19,"topic":413,"language":15,"type":415,"date_published":417,"image":418,"citation":419,"publisher":17,"link_internal":420,"link_external":424,"authors":425,"countries":438,"tags":447,"pdf":460,"topics":462,"featured":19,"languages":464,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":465,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":466,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":467},1760,"policy-brief-9-informal-networks-and-what-they-mean-anti-corruption-practice","Policy Brief 9: Informal networks and what they mean for anti-corruption practice",2166,2022,"Corruption is frequently associated with money alone and the behaviours of a few individual “bad apples” operating in otherwise healthy governance systems. This is too simplistic. As the latest research shows, including research in Tanzania and Uganda on which this Policy Brief is based, corruption is a networked phenomenon. This Policy Brief explains what this means and its implications for anti-corruption practice.\n\nWhen ordinary citizens and business people face problems, like constrained access to public services or an uneven playing field, they invest time, effort and resources in building informal networks.\n\nHeld together by personal connections and corrupt payments, these informal networks are a problem-solving mechanism. They allow members – such as business people, other citizens and public officials – to pursue a variety of goals. The networks aid in easing access to public services, for example, or helping a business to run smoothly, or securing business opportunities with the government. Informal networks can be leveraged to speed up long and complicated permit processes or exploit weaknesses in formal tender processes to obtain undue access to contracts. When red tape is used by public officials to extort bribes from service users, informal networks can help manage and overcome these demands. \n\nIn contexts in which these informal networks are widespread, the research shows that conventional anti-corruption measures, such as introducing more regulations, policies and controls, can actually backfire and increase corruption. \n\nBreaking this self-reinforcing cycle of networked corruption requires a shift in thinking and approaches:\n\n\n- **Focusing on networked corruption** as opposed to individual corrupt behaviours.\n- **Tackling corruption both from the demand and the supply side** by addressing inefficiencies and weaknesses in public systems that cause problems for ordinary citizens and business people. This may make it less likely that they will resort to corruption through informal networks to overcome the public service weaknesses.\n- **Harnessing informal networks for anti-corruption objectives.** This includes leveraging new insights into social norms and networks and establishing Collective Action initiatives to better target the underlying drivers of corruption.\n\n\n## About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, ISSN 2624-9669. It presents findings from a research project entitled “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Finformality\u002F\">Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments\u003C\u002Fa>”, funded by UK Aid as part of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE).\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). ",[414],"Public Governance",[416],"Policy Brief","2022-02-21","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fc9f50b43-2246-4e39-a1b1-052b0e9829f1?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, Jacopo Costa, and Saba Kassa. 2022. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-9-informal-networks-and-what-they-mean-anti-corruption-practice\">Informal networks and what they mean for anti-corruption practice.\u003C\u002Fa> *Policy Brief* 9, Basel Institute on Governance.",[421],{"url":422,"caption":423},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[426,430,434],{"authors_id":427},{"id":428,"name":429},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":431},{"id":432,"name":433},304,"Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":435},{"id":436,"name":437},303,"Saba Kassa",[439,443],{"countries_id":440},{"id":441,"name":442},224,"Tanzania",{"countries_id":444},{"id":445,"name":446},226,"Uganda",[448,450,454,456],{"tags_id":449},{"id":201,"name":202},{"tags_id":451},{"id":452,"name":453},909,"Collective Action",{"tags_id":455},{"id":73,"name":74},{"tags_id":457},{"id":458,"name":459},1309,"Informality",[461],1786,[463],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:17.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:04.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-9-informal-networks-and-what-they-mean-anti-corruption-practice",{"id":469,"slug":470,"title":471,"status":6,"nid":472,"year":411,"body":473,"external":19,"topic":474,"language":15,"type":476,"date_published":477,"image":478,"citation":14,"publisher":479,"link_internal":480,"link_external":487,"authors":494,"countries":497,"tags":498,"pdf":507,"topics":508,"featured":19,"languages":510,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":511,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":512,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":513},1764,"nexus-between-corruption-and-money-laundering-deconstructing-toledo-odebrecht-network","The nexus between corruption and money laundering: deconstructing the Toledo‑Odebrecht network in Peru",2168,"The paper targets the nexus between corruption and money laundering. Scholars and practitioners recently observed how offshore financial centers and financial infrastructures have become central in facilitating corruption and other criminal activities. \n\nOffshore vehicles often serve to conceal the connections between business people and politically exposed persons. Secrecy jurisdictions and service providers have emerged as key actors in these illicit schemes. \n\nThe paper explores the following questions: \n\n\n- How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? \n- Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact, and their division of labor? \n- How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? \n\n\nIt applies a combination of social network analysis (SNA) and network ethnography to the corrupt connection between the former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and the Brazilian construction giant Odebrecht Group. The research analyzes publicly available data from the Lava Jato and Ecoteva investigations in Brazil and Peru. It deconstructs the illicit scheme’s mechanisms step-by-step, uncovers the functions of different actors and clusters, and illuminates the social norms and informal governance practices that regulate the exchange. \n\nThe research highlights how the financial infrastructures of the private and public spheres are integrated and analyzes the informal governance system designed to control the transnational corruption network. The study makes it possible to understand how the nexus between corruption and money laundering works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon.\n\n### Acknowledgement and citation\n\nThe paper is based on research conducted as part of a collaboration  between the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance\">Public Governance\u003C\u002Fa> team and its \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa> (ICAR). \n\nCitation: Costa, Jacopo. 2022. \"The nexus between corruption and money laundering: deconstructing the Toledo-Odebrecht network in Peru.\" *Trends in Organized Crime*. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12117-021-09439-6\">https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12117-021-09439-6\u003C\u002Fa>",[475,414],"Asset Recovery",[304],"2022-01-22","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4b7fd4da-0259-4632-8540-f820c115706d?width=600&height=840","Trends in Organized Crime",[481,484],{"url":482,"caption":483},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes"," See related Basel Institute Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography",{"url":485,"caption":486},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-analysis-of-the-toledo-odebrecht-case-illuminates-the-complex-transnational-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes-2051"," See related blog: New analysis of the Toledo-Odebrecht case illuminates the complex transnational networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes",[488,491],{"url":489,"caption":490},"https:\u002F\u002Frdcu.be\u002FcFtsR","View article (full text, no download)",{"url":492,"caption":493},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12117-021-09439-6"," Log in to Springer Link to download article",[495],{"authors_id":496},{"id":432,"name":433},[],[499,501,505],{"tags_id":500},{"id":73,"name":74},{"tags_id":502},{"id":503,"name":504},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":506},{"id":205,"name":206},[],[509,463],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:20.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fnexus-between-corruption-and-money-laundering-deconstructing-toledo-odebrecht-network",{"id":515,"slug":516,"title":517,"status":6,"nid":518,"year":519,"body":520,"external":19,"topic":521,"language":15,"type":522,"date_published":524,"image":525,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":526,"link_external":533,"authors":534,"countries":543,"tags":548,"pdf":567,"topics":569,"featured":19,"languages":570,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":571,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":572,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":573},2222,"case-study-7-upholding-unexplained-wealth-judgement-kenyas-anglo-leasing-affair","Case Study 7: Upholding an unexplained wealth judgement in Kenya’s Anglo Leasing affair",2281,2021,"This case study describes how Kenya’s civil illicit enrichment legislation enabled the recovery of corruptly acquired assets from a former Chief Accountant at the Treasury.\n\nIt examines a 2021 unexplained wealth (illicit enrichment) case in Kenya involving the former Chief Accountant Patrick Ochieno Abachi. The case is related to Kenya’s so-called Anglo Leasing scandal, in which 18 high-value government security contracts were allegedly awarded to fictitious companies in the early 2000s.\n\nIt illustrates one set of circumstances in which civil unexplained wealth (or civil illicit enrichment) legislation can be an extremely useful tool to target assets stolen through corruption.\n\nThe series of judgments has provided some valuable insights into Kenya’s law targeting unexplained assets, specifically:\n\n\n- its key features and how they are applied;\n- the evidentiary importance of asset declaration forms;\n- how to prove assets are “unexplained” through financial analysis of a suspect’s income and assets;\n- common legal challenges to illicit enrichment.\n\n\nFor this case study, Phillip Kagucia of Kenya’s Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) spoke to Andrew Dornbierer, Senior Asset Recovery Specialist and author of the Basel Institute’s open-access book Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Solórzano, Oscar. 2022. “The Russian arms dealer case.” *Case Study* 4, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies.",[475],[523],"Case Study","2021-08-31","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F986a8600-9a38-427f-87c9-107efbdd20aa?width=600&height=840",[527,530],{"url":528,"caption":529},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Case%20Study"," View all Case Studies",{"url":531,"caption":532},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fillicit-enrichment-guide-laws-targeting-unexplained-wealth"," View book: Illicit Enrichment by Andrew Dornbierer",[],[535,539],{"authors_id":536},{"id":537,"name":538},504,"Phillip Kagucia",{"authors_id":540},{"id":541,"name":542},306,"Andrew Dornbierer",[544],{"countries_id":545},{"id":546,"name":547},113,"Kenya",[549,553,557,561,565],{"tags_id":550},{"id":551,"name":552},821,"Unexplained wealth",{"tags_id":554},{"id":555,"name":556},1215,"Illicit financial flows",{"tags_id":558},{"id":559,"name":560},1379,"Non-conviction based forfeiture",{"tags_id":562},{"id":563,"name":564},843,"Asset recovery",{"tags_id":566},{"id":73,"name":74},[568],2262,[509],[15],"2022-09-06T14:10:30.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:00.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-study-7-upholding-unexplained-wealth-judgement-kenyas-anglo-leasing-affair",{"id":575,"slug":576,"title":577,"status":6,"nid":578,"year":519,"body":579,"external":19,"topic":580,"language":15,"type":582,"date_published":584,"image":585,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":586,"link_external":592,"authors":593,"countries":596,"tags":597,"pdf":610,"topics":612,"featured":19,"languages":613,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":614,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":615,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":482},1798,"working-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes","Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography",2050,"This working paper is based on an empirical investigation of corruption and illicit exchange related to the so-called “Lava Jato” or “Odebrecht” scandal. Focusing on former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and his laundering of bribes obtained from the construction giant Odebrecht, the analysis aims to test the usefulness of applying a network lens to better understand the mechanisms underlying grand corruption cases. It also aims to further illuminate the nexus between corruption and money laundering and the role of hidden and offshore financial infrastructures in facilitating the illicit schemes. \n\nThe research used a combination of social network analysis and network ethnography techniques to explore the following questions: \n\n\n- How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? \n- Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact and what is their division of labour? \n- How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? \n\n\nAnswering these questions with empirical evidence related to a specific case makes it possible to better understand how the connection between corruption and money laundering using offshore financial infrastructure works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon. \n\n### About this report\n\nThis paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=255\">ISSN: 2624-9650\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). \n\nSuggested citation: Costa, J., 2021. *Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography*. Working Paper 36, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-net…\u003C\u002Fa>",[581,475,414],"Anti-Money Laundering",[344,583],"Working Paper","2021-07-08","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb9766eed-37a9-40e2-97d0-3b05e149b633?width=600&height=840",[587,589],{"url":485,"caption":588}," Summary \u002F blog by author",{"url":590,"caption":591},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[594],{"authors_id":595},{"id":432,"name":433},[],[598,600,602,606,608],{"tags_id":599},{"id":503,"name":504},{"tags_id":601},{"id":458,"name":459},{"tags_id":603},{"id":604,"name":605},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"tags_id":607},{"id":383,"name":384},{"tags_id":609},{"id":73,"name":74},[611],1833,[581,509,463],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:43.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:41.000Z",{"id":617,"slug":618,"title":619,"status":6,"nid":620,"year":519,"body":621,"external":19,"topic":622,"language":15,"type":623,"date_published":624,"image":625,"citation":14,"publisher":17,"link_internal":626,"link_external":627,"authors":628,"countries":633,"tags":638,"pdf":645,"topics":647,"featured":19,"languages":648,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":53,"date_created":649,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":650,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":651},1801,"gendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female","Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi",2040,"This report offers an initial insight into the problem of gendered corruption, including sextortion and so-called double bribery, based on interviews with 19 businesswomen in Malawi. Part of a wider research project into procurement corruption, the interviews aimed to explore the extent of gendered corruption as a coercive form of social exchange, as well as the role of informal corrupt networks in magnifying gender-specific inequalities.\n\nThough based on a small sample in one particular context, the findings indicate that more research into this topic is urgently needed globally with a view to mainstreaming sexual corruption into anti-corruption programming. Initial findings indicate that:\n\n\n- Sextortion, forced sexual favours, \"double bribery\" and other forms of sexual corruption are perceived to be widespread in Malawi. \n- Women's risk of being subjected to sexual corruption increases in informal network settings, such as those in which business takes place.\n- Socio-economic factors and gender-imbalanced power dynamics play an important role in enabling sexual corruption to take place with impunity.\n- Trustworthy reporting and support mechanisms for sexual corruption are said to be lacking. \n- Existing female-only business self-help groups could provide a strong base for enabling women to address issues of sexual corruption and related gendered violence. \n\n\nOverall, there is a great need for more research and policy attention globally to gendered corruption and related issues that still remain – tragically – hidden from view or considered as normal. \n\n### About this publication\n\nThe research underpinning this report has been undertaken in support of the Tackling Serious and Organised Crime (TSOC) programme in Malawi, which is funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Stahl, C., 2021. *Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi.* Basel Institute on Governance, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-in…\u003C\u002Fa>.",[414],[344],"2021-06-28","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5b923df6-8ac9-4ee3-8161-d9b3fe92ac9a?width=600&height=840",[],[],[629],{"authors_id":630},{"id":631,"name":632},354,"Cosimo Stahl",[634],{"countries_id":635},{"id":636,"name":637},153,"Malawi",[639,641,643],{"tags_id":640},{"id":73,"name":74},{"tags_id":642},{"id":288,"name":289},{"tags_id":644},{"id":458,"name":459},[646],1836,[463],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:45.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:42.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female",1780676552632]