[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":659},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-non-state-actors-standard-setters":3,"related-non-state-actors-standard-setters":169},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":23,"link_external":24,"featured":19,"topics":28,"languages":30,"type":31,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":33,"countries":44,"tags":45,"pdf":102,"authors":103},2150,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:57:33.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:59.000Z",174,"non-state-actors-standard-setters","Non-State Actors as Standard Setters","This analysis of 'globalised' standard-setting processes draws together insights from law, political sciences, sociology and social anthropology to assess the authority and accountability of non-state actors and the legitimacy and effectiveness of the processes. The essays offer new understandings of current governance problems, including environmental and financial standards, rules for military contractors and complex public-private partnerships, such as those intended to protect critical information infrastructure.\n\nThe contributions also evaluate multi-stakeholder initiatives (such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative), and discuss the constitution of public norms in stateless areas. A synopsis of the latest results of the World Governance Indicator, arguably one of the most important surveys in the area today, is included.","Peters, A., Koechlin, L., Förster, T. Fenner, G. (eds.) (2009). Non-State Actors as Standard Setters. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press.","English",2009,"Cambridge University Press","2009-09-01",false,[21,22],"Collective Action","Public Governance",[],[25],{"url":26,"caption":27},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cambridge.org\u002Fch\u002Facademic\u002Fsubjects\u002Flaw\u002Fpublic-international-law\u002Fnon-state-actors-standard-setters?format=HB","Order from Cambridge University Press",[21,29],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],[32],"Book",{"id":34,"storage":35,"filename_disk":36,"filename_download":37,"title":38,"type":39,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":40,"width":41,"height":42,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":43,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"6cecc054-a961-4c56-b4bc-81a6063b03fd","local","6cecc054-a961-4c56-b4bc-81a6063b03fd.jpg","nsa-as-standard-setters.jpg","nsa_as_standard_setters.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",11707,150,220,{},[],[46,71,87],{"id":47,"publications_id":48,"tags_id":68},5179,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":51,"link_internal":52,"link_external":53,"featured":19,"topics":55,"languages":56,"type":57,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":58,"tags":59,"pdf":62,"authors":63},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[],[54],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],5180,5181,[],[64,65,66,67],2374,2375,2376,2377,{"id":69,"name":70},1371,"Public governance",{"id":60,"publications_id":72,"tags_id":84},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":73,"link_internal":74,"link_external":75,"featured":19,"topics":77,"languages":78,"type":79,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":80,"tags":81,"pdf":82,"authors":83},[21,22],[],[76],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],[],[64,65,66,67],{"id":85,"name":86},1303,"Environment",{"id":61,"publications_id":88,"tags_id":100},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":89,"link_internal":90,"link_external":91,"featured":19,"topics":93,"languages":94,"type":95,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":96,"tags":97,"pdf":98,"authors":99},[21,22],[],[92],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],[],[64,65,66,67],{"id":101,"name":21},909,[],[104,120,136,152],{"id":64,"publications_id":105,"authors_id":117},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":106,"link_internal":107,"link_external":108,"featured":19,"topics":110,"languages":111,"type":112,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":113,"tags":114,"pdf":115,"authors":116},[21,22],[],[109],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],[],[64,65,66,67],{"id":118,"name":119,"position":7,"image":7},380,"Anne Peters",{"id":65,"publications_id":121,"authors_id":133},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":122,"link_internal":123,"link_external":124,"featured":19,"topics":126,"languages":127,"type":128,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":129,"tags":130,"pdf":131,"authors":132},[21,22],[],[125],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],[],[64,65,66,67],{"id":134,"name":135,"position":7,"image":7},359,"Lucy Koechlin",{"id":66,"publications_id":137,"authors_id":149},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":138,"link_internal":139,"link_external":140,"featured":19,"topics":142,"languages":143,"type":144,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":145,"tags":146,"pdf":147,"authors":148},[21,22],[],[141],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],[],[64,65,66,67],{"id":150,"name":151,"position":7,"image":7},492,"Till Förster",{"id":67,"publications_id":153,"authors_id":165},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":34,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":154,"link_internal":155,"link_external":156,"featured":19,"topics":158,"languages":159,"type":160,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":161,"tags":162,"pdf":163,"authors":164},[21,22],[],[157],{"url":26,"caption":27},[21,29],[15],[32],[],[47,60,61],[],[64,65,66,67],{"id":166,"name":167,"position":7,"image":168},297,"Gretta Fenner","06f7143f-fe9b-45df-87a0-8c2e8f721109",[170,265,316,349,377,411,456,492,535,588],{"id":171,"slug":172,"title":173,"status":6,"nid":174,"year":175,"body":176,"external":19,"topic":177,"language":15,"type":178,"date_published":179,"image":180,"citation":181,"publisher":182,"link_internal":183,"link_external":184,"authors":221,"countries":230,"tags":231,"pdf":242,"topics":252,"featured":19,"languages":253,"summary":254,"programme":255,"area":257,"websites":259,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":261,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":262,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":263,"link":264},2407,"collective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity","Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity",2824,2025,"At its core, Collective Action is a simple yet powerful concept: tackling corruption challenges together, rather than alone. Over the past two decades, anti-corruption Collective Action has grown from a niche idea to a recognised approach embedded in international standards, national strategies and corporate practices.\n\nThis book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.\n\nDrawing on real-life examples, policy milestones and practical experiences from the Basel Institute on Governance and its partners, *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity *presents how diverse actors have been working together to tackle corruption in complex environments.\n\n\n- **Part 1: Advancing the knowledge base** – presents the analytical tools and conceptual models that help us make sense of Collective Action in practice.\n- **Part 2: Mainstreaming Collective Action as a norm** – illustrates the growing recognition of Collective Action in international standards and policy frameworks. It also showcases the Institute’s International Collective Action Conference series and the Collective Action Awards.\n- **Part 3: Providing hands-on support** – focuses on the Basel Institute’s direct support to Collective Action practitioners and highlights the importance of peer learning.\n\n\n\n\n\n*Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity *was developed and published by the Basel Institute on Governance, with support from the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\n### About this publication\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: collective-action.com\n\nSuggested citation: Hocq, Nicolas, and Vanessa Hans. 2025. *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity. Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance*. Basel: Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nISBNs are as follows:\n\n\n- PDF: 978-3-9526182-0-2\n- Paperback (forthcoming): 978-3-9526182-1-9\n\n### Download or view online\nScroll down for links to download the book or specific chapters, or flick through online below:",[21],[32],"2025-06-30","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0dd71cde-39e7-4161-a90f-c7b90ebc2415?width=600&height=840","","Basel Institute on Governance",[],[185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218],{"url":186,"caption":187},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fenrol\u002Findex.php?id=168"," eLearning course: Collective Action Against Corruption",{"url":189,"caption":190},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Visit the B20 Collective Action Hub",{"url":192,"caption":193},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.co.uk\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.co.uk",{"url":195,"caption":196},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.com\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.com",{"url":198,"caption":199},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.ca\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.ca",{"url":201,"caption":202},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.de\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.de",{"url":204,"caption":205},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.fr\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.fr",{"url":207,"caption":208},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.es\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.es",{"url":210,"caption":211},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.it\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.it",{"url":213,"caption":214},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.nl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.nl",{"url":216,"caption":217},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.pl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.pl",{"url":219,"caption":220},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.se\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.se",[222,226],{"authors_id":223},{"id":224,"name":225},298,"Vanessa Hans",{"authors_id":227},{"id":228,"name":229},565,"Nicolas Hocq",[],[232,236,240],{"tags_id":233},{"id":234,"name":235},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":237},{"id":238,"name":239},1236,"Compliance",{"tags_id":241},{"id":101,"name":21},[243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251],2458,2459,2460,2461,2462,2463,2464,2465,2466,[21],[15],"This book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.",[256],"Private Sector",[258],"Business Integrity & Governance",[21,260],"Main page","2025-07-03T09:59:40.000Z","2026-06-02T14:16:21.000Z","Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcollective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity",{"id":266,"slug":267,"title":268,"status":6,"nid":269,"year":175,"body":270,"external":19,"topic":271,"language":15,"type":274,"date_published":276,"image":277,"citation":278,"publisher":182,"link_internal":279,"link_external":283,"authors":284,"countries":293,"tags":294,"pdf":307,"topics":310,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":312,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":313,"main_points":7,"short_version":314,"subtitle":7,"link":315},2425,"wp-60","Working Paper 60: Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives",2867,"Corruption is not simply about individual misconduct. It is a networked phenomenon that arises from entrenched social, economic and political interactions. It is orchestrated through coordination between groups and clusters of individuals.\n\nThis Working Paper explores the networked nature of corruption and the opportunities this presents for anti-corruption efforts. The aim is to understand how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks helps to understand the persistence and resilience of corruption, while opening up new anti-corruption perspectives.\n\nA meta-analysis of findings from more than 15 years of research on informal networks and corruption underpins the conceptualisation of corrupt networks. The paper argues that a focus on networks helps to shed light on the functionality of corruption – from petty bribery to large-scale public procurement fraud – and the underlying social norms that enable it.\n\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal networks associated with corruption and applying the network logic to anti-corruption strategies can help to achieve better outcomes. The paper specifically looks at anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives, suggesting that these should emulate positive aspects of informal networks.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n",[21,272,273],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[275],"Working Paper","2025-11-04","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F3fc6640b-79d3-481c-a74c-fc1979923c1b?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Jacopo Costa. 2025. 'Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anticorruption Collective Action initiatives.'Working Paper 60, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\u003C\u002Fa>.",[280],{"url":281,"caption":282},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[285,289],{"authors_id":286},{"id":287,"name":288},572,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":290},{"id":291,"name":292},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",[],[295,297,299,303],{"tags_id":296},{"id":101,"name":21},{"tags_id":298},{"id":234,"name":235},{"tags_id":300},{"id":301,"name":302},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":304},{"id":305,"name":306},967,"Organised crime",[308,309],2480,2481,[21,311],"Prevention Research and Innovation","2025-11-04T17:05:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z","This Working Paper reflects on the networked nature of corruption and the\nlessons that can be learned from studying it. Particularly, it provides insights into\nthe opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing anti-corruption\nCollective Action initiatives.\n\nThe authors consider corruption not as a series of isolated acts by individuals,\nbut as the outcome of complex, resilient informal networks embedded within\nsocio-political, economic and cultural structures. Within this framework, they\ninvestigate how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks can\nimprove our understanding of the persistence of corruption and create new\nperspectives to promote better anti-corruption outcomes and impacts.\n\nDrawing on over 15 years of empirical research across diverse countries and\nregions, the authors argue that corruption must be viewed through a network\nlens. This approach reveals how informal connections facilitate rule subversion,\nproblem-solving and goal achievement where formal institutions are weak or\nineffective.\n\nThe paper contends that a focus on networks sheds light on the functionality\nof corruption and the underlying social norms enabling corrupt exchanges.\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal\nnetworks associated with corruption can help design better anti-corruption\ninitiatives.\n\nThe Working Paper contributes to the existing literature on corruption strategies\nand anti-corruption activities.\n\n**First**, the authors explore how **informal networks rooted in trust, reciprocity\nand social norms can serve practical functions**, including accessing public\nservices, boosting business profitability and winning elections. The strength\nof informal networks lies in their adaptability, internal organisation and\nembeddedness in local cultures.\n\nThe authors identify **six core roles in informal networks** that pursue corrupt\nobjectives: seekers, doers, brokers, facilitators, intermediaries and instigators.\nThe coordination and division of tasks among these six roles make such informal\nnetworks effective in achieving their goals.\n\nIn addition, the authors unpack **the most important strategies these corrupt\ninformal networks rely on** for their functioning. These strategies are:\n\n- co-optation (recruitment and trust building);\n- control (discipline and compliance);\n- camouflage (concealment and legitimacy); and\n- coordination (task orchestration and adaptability).\n\n**Second**, the authors set out **concrete implications for anti-corruption\nactivities** based on insights on how informal networks operate. They state that\ntraditional top-down, normative approaches often fail due to the functionality\nof corruption (i.e., corruption is always a means to an end) and the social\nembeddedness of corrupt networks.\n\nThe authors propose to apply the network logic to anti-corruption strategies. This\npaper particularly focuses on **Collective Action initiatives** and suggests that\nthese should emulate positive aspects of informal networks. Collective Action\nrefers to collaborative efforts – typically involving businesses, civil society and\u002For\npublic institutions – to tackle corruption risks and shared integrity challenges that\nno single actor can resolve alone.\n\nThis means that, to be effective, these Collective Action initiatives must be\nbased on:\n\n- **Functional goals:** Set short-term, tangible goals aligned with participants’ interests.\n- **Strategic co-optation:** Recruit key stakeholders strategically, including those who are prone to corruption risks, by using trust-building mechanisms that can supply an added value to the stakeholders.\n- **Transparency and accountability:** Leverage mechanisms of peer pressure and reputation management that can ensure sustained commitment and engagement among participants and deter free-riding strategies.\n\nIn conclusion, to foster integrity in today’s fragmented and conflict-prone world,\nanti-corruption initiatives generally must shift from targeting individuals to\ntargeting the networks that sustain corruption. Sustainable change requires\nlocally rooted, trust-based collective efforts that provide functional, credible and\ncoordinated alternatives to illicit networks.\n\nIn this sense, Collective Action initiatives built on conceptualising corruption\nas a networked problem can be an effective solution for achieving\nanti-corruption goals","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60",{"id":317,"slug":318,"title":319,"status":6,"nid":320,"year":175,"body":321,"external":19,"topic":322,"language":15,"type":323,"date_published":325,"image":326,"citation":181,"publisher":182,"link_internal":327,"link_external":328,"authors":332,"countries":337,"tags":338,"pdf":343,"topics":345,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":346,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":347,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":348},2418,"anti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024","Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024",2845,"This report analyses the approaches of the previous five B20 presidencies to addressing anti-corruption Collective Action. It captures lessons learned and provides recommendations for future B20\u002FG20 cycles. It is primarily intended for upcoming B20\u002FG20 presidencies, B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members and organisations engaging with the B20\u002FG20.\n\n### About this report\n\nYou may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nSuggested citation: Scarlet Wannenwetsch. 2025. 'Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024.' Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThe report was funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[21,256],[324],"Report","2025-08-29","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7f5abe00-7eca-48f7-a600-067f05b7871a?width=600&height=840",[],[329],{"url":330,"caption":331},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F1820"," Read related baseline report",[333],{"authors_id":334},{"id":335,"name":336},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch",[],[339,341],{"tags_id":340},{"id":234,"name":235},{"tags_id":342},{"id":101,"name":21},[344],2475,[21,256],"2025-09-08T21:17:14.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:11.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fanti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024",{"id":350,"slug":351,"title":352,"status":6,"nid":353,"year":175,"body":354,"external":19,"topic":355,"language":15,"type":356,"date_published":357,"image":358,"citation":181,"publisher":182,"link_internal":359,"link_external":361,"authors":362,"countries":365,"tags":366,"pdf":371,"topics":373,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":374,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":375,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":376},2397,"wp-56","Working Paper 56: Anti-corruption Collective Action: A typology for a new era",2787,"Since its first use by the World Bank in 2008, the concept of \"anti-corruption Collective Action\" has evolved into a well-established best practice to prevent corruption and strengthen business integrity.\n\nThis paper captures the specific characteristics of anti-corruption Collective Action that have emerged over time and translates them into an easy-to-grasp typology that reflects both the variety and unifying principles that make up the Collective Action ecosystem. It aims to:\n\n\n- spark new impetus for engagement;\n- open the concept to new stakeholders, topics and environments; and\n- support existing initiatives in developing their long-term visions and aims.\n\n\nIn addition to supporting practitioners, updating the typology will also help strengthen the case for Collective Action as a normative corruption prevention practice.\n\n### About this report\n\nThe paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\nSuggested citation: Wannenwetsch, Scarlet. 2025. ‘Anti-corruption Collective Action: A typology for a new era.’ Working Paper 56, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-56.",[21],[275],"2025-03-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff85696db-c15c-4ab1-becb-82429bfcbec8?width=600&height=840",[360],{"url":281,"caption":282},[],[363],{"authors_id":364},{"id":335,"name":336},[],[367,369],{"tags_id":368},{"id":101,"name":21},{"tags_id":370},{"id":234,"name":235},[372],2444,[21],"2025-03-26T17:05:23.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:52.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-56",{"id":67,"slug":378,"title":379,"status":6,"nid":380,"year":381,"body":382,"external":19,"topic":383,"language":15,"type":384,"date_published":385,"image":386,"citation":181,"publisher":182,"link_internal":387,"link_external":388,"authors":392,"countries":393,"tags":394,"pdf":403,"topics":405,"featured":19,"languages":407,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":408,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":409,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":410},"putting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action","Putting business integrity on the global agenda: Report from the 5th International Collective Action Conference",2725,2024,"The 5th International Collective Action Conference represented another significant milestone in the development of responsible and ethical business practices through anti-corruption Collective Action. \n\nThe conference, hosted by the Basel Institute with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative, took place on 24 and 25 June 2024 in Basel, Switzerland. This short conference report presents main insights, quotes as well as infographics and graphic recordings from the two-day event, which welcomed around 200 people from around the world and across all sectors.\n\nA key theme of this year’s conference was the importance of building local, regional and international communities of practice. These communities bring together different constellations of people and organisations interested in the Collective Action approach to improve skills, develop joint solutions and advance knowledge about how to make initiatives effective in different contexts. \n\nFive panel discussions, three interactive breakout sessions and multiple networking opportunities, including an exhibition, offered many occasions for sharing experiences and best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action and breaking down silos.\n\n### About this report and acknowledgements\n\nThe Basel Institute on Governance thanks the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting and providing funding for the conference’s 5th edition, as well as all speakers and breakout session facilitating organisations. The full list of presenters and sessions can be found on conference pages of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002Fagenda\">B20 Collective Action Hub\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nGraphic recording illustrations: Tetyana Kalyuzhna, Basel Institute on Governance.\nPhoto and video credit: David Borter, LEO MEDIA GmbH \u002F BBM PRODUCTIONS AG.\n\nThe report is free to share or republish under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\">https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,256],[324],"2024-11-28","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F02044130-66da-43f7-8ee2-ef45cc33cc96?width=600&height=840",[],[389],{"url":390,"caption":391},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002F"," See Conference web page",[],[],[395,397,401],{"tags_id":396},{"id":101,"name":21},{"tags_id":398},{"id":399,"name":400},830,"Business integrity",{"tags_id":402},{"id":234,"name":235},[404],2415,[21,256,406],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[15],"2024-12-05T14:06:46.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:53.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fputting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action",{"id":412,"slug":413,"title":414,"status":6,"nid":415,"year":381,"body":416,"external":19,"topic":417,"language":15,"type":418,"date_published":420,"image":421,"citation":422,"publisher":182,"link_internal":423,"link_external":427,"authors":428,"countries":435,"tags":439,"pdf":448,"topics":450,"featured":19,"languages":451,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":452,"user_updated":453,"date_updated":454,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":455},2335,"pb-13","Policy Brief 13: Catalysing the private sector for disaster response and resilience – Case study of the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation",2575,"Extreme weather events, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and epidemics cause the loss of countless lives and bring disruption to many countries. Governments and humanitarian aid agencies are expected to be at the forefront of preparing for and responding to such disasters.\n\nHowever, occasionally the scale and impact of some natural disasters are so large that additional resources beyond what governments can provide become necessary. In such cases, efforts may be perceived as insufficient and slow. Resources and efforts need to be augmented in order to provide relief and support to those who need it most.\n\nCould the private sector take a more leading role in pre- and post-disaster efforts? How could a structured, long-term engagement reduce the inevitable integrity risks in high-stress disaster situations involving numerous government, business and international actors?\n\nThis Policy Brief looks at how the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pdrf.org\u002F\">Philippines Disaster Resilience Foundation\u003C\u002Fa> (PDRF) has emerged as a leading private-sector coordinator for disaster risk reduction and management.\n\nIt illustrates the important role that the private sector can play in responding to – and building resilience to – natural disasters and other humanitarian emergencies. It also showcases how vital it is for good governance, integrity and transparent collaboration to be at the heart of those efforts.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa> and relates to our work to promote anti-corruption \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F\">Collective Action\u003C\u002Fa> with the private sector.\n\nYou may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). ",[21],[419],"Policy Brief","2024-01-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F8803b7dc-e28d-43f1-bac1-2887ce12babb?width=600&height=840","Luz, Bill, and Vanessa Hans. 'Catalysing the private sector for disaster response and resilience: Case study of the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation.’ Policy Brief 13, Basel Institute on Governance, https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-13.",[424],{"url":425,"caption":426},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[429,433],{"authors_id":430},{"id":431,"name":432},535,"Bill Luz",{"authors_id":434},{"id":224,"name":225},[436],{"countries_id":437},{"id":10,"name":438},"Philippines",[440,442,444],{"tags_id":441},{"id":101,"name":21},{"tags_id":443},{"id":399,"name":400},{"tags_id":445},{"id":446,"name":447},1382,"Humanitarian assistance",[449],2373,[21],[15],"2024-01-29T11:04:48.000Z","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30","2026-06-02T21:16:08.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-13",{"id":457,"slug":458,"title":459,"status":6,"nid":460,"year":461,"body":462,"external":19,"topic":463,"language":15,"type":465,"date_published":467,"image":468,"citation":181,"publisher":182,"link_internal":469,"link_external":473,"authors":474,"countries":479,"tags":480,"pdf":485,"topics":487,"featured":19,"languages":488,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":489,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":490,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":491},2311,"research-case-4","Research case study 4: Deconstructing a criminal network involved in illegal wildlife trade between East Africa and Southeast Asia ",2518,2023,"The illegal wildlife trade threatens biodiversity and security worldwide. Criminal networks pocket billions of dollars in illicit profits from stripping the world bare of endangered species and corrupting politicians and public officials in the process.\n\nYet there is very little empirical evidence on the role of both ordinary citizens and criminal networks in the illegal wildlife trade. Our research aims to fill this gap.\n\nWe used social network analysis and network ethnography techniques to study the criminal network of a wildlife trafficker based in East Africa. The insights can bolster law enforcement efforts aimed at identifying and dismantling wildlife trafficking networks.",[464,22],"Green Corruption",[466],"Research Case Study","2023-10-11","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F19e03984-8caf-4871-8d80-b7226ea6403c?width=600&height=840",[470],{"url":471,"caption":472},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Research%20Case%20Study"," View all research case studies",[],[475],{"authors_id":476},{"id":477,"name":478},304,"Jacopo Costa",[],[481,483],{"tags_id":482},{"id":85,"name":86},{"tags_id":484},{"id":301,"name":302},[486],2347,[464,29],[15],"2023-10-11T16:04:41.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:41.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-4",{"id":493,"slug":494,"title":495,"status":6,"nid":496,"year":461,"body":497,"external":19,"topic":498,"language":499,"type":500,"date_published":501,"image":502,"citation":503,"publisher":182,"link_internal":504,"link_external":506,"authors":510,"countries":515,"tags":520,"pdf":527,"topics":529,"featured":19,"languages":530,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":532,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":533,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":534},2297,"wp46","Working Paper 46: Incrementando el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad en la contratación pública: un análisis desde la experiencia en España",2477,"Este documento de trabajo analiza cuatro Pactos de Integridad en España implementados entre abril de 2017 y enero de 2019. Basándose en el análisis, ofrece recomendaciones específicas para medir y mejorar el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad, especialmente para lograr cambios a largo plazo.\n\n***\n\n**Enhancing the impact of Integrity Pacts in public procurement: an analysis from Spain‘s experience**\n\nThis Working Paper analyses four Integrity Pacts in Spain implemented between April 2017 and January 2019. Based on the analysis, it offers specific recommendations to measure and enhance the impact of Integrity Pacts, especially in achieving long-term change.\n\n### Sobre este Documento de Trabajo\n\nEste trabajo forma parte de una serie de documentos de trabajo del Basel Institute on Governance, ISSN: 2624-9650. Puede ser libremente compartido bajo una licencia Creative Commons: \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>.\n",[21,256],"English, Spanish",[275],"2023-06-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fae39267c-b1c6-4320-8d03-92779c925afc?width=600&height=840","Arribas Reyes, Esteban. 2023. ‘Incrementando el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad en la contratación pública: un análisis desde la experiencia en España.’ Working Paper 46, Basel Institute on Governance. Disponible en: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp46\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp46\u003C\u002Fa>",[505],{"url":281,"caption":282},[507],{"url":508,"caption":509},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fintegrity-pacts\u002F"," Learn about Integrity Pacts on the B20 Collective Action Hub",[511],{"authors_id":512},{"id":513,"name":514},525,"Esteban Arribas Reyes",[516],{"countries_id":517},{"id":518,"name":519},65,"Spain",[521,523],{"tags_id":522},{"id":101,"name":21},{"tags_id":524},{"id":525,"name":526},1378,"Public financial management",[412,528],2336,[21,256],[15,531],"Spanish","2023-06-30T08:38:09.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:08.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp46",{"id":536,"slug":537,"title":538,"status":6,"nid":539,"year":540,"body":541,"external":19,"topic":542,"language":543,"type":544,"date_published":545,"image":546,"citation":181,"publisher":182,"link_internal":547,"link_external":553,"authors":554,"countries":559,"tags":573,"pdf":580,"topics":582,"featured":19,"languages":583,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":49,"date_created":585,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":586,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":587},2242,"pb11-fr","Policy Brief 11: Lutte contre la corruption dans les États côtiers d’Afrique de l’Ouest : comment l’Action Collective peut aider",2310,2022,"Chaque année, les flux financiers illicites, dont la corruption est une composante majeure, font perdre environ 88,6 milliards de dollars (3,7 % de son PIB) à l'Afrique. La lutte contre ce fléau est un effort collectif et le secteur privé a un rôle majeur à jouer dans la promotion d'un environnement économique prospère et d’un développement durable du continent.\n\nC'est pourquoi l'Action Collective  contre la corruption a tant à offrir à l'Afrique, et en particulier aux États côtiers d'Afrique de l'Ouest désireux de maximiser leur potentiel économique. Le spectre des initiatives d'Action Collective étant assez large, il permet des mesures innovantes où gouvernements, entreprises et organisations de la société civile (OSC) unissent leurs forces, malgré des intérêts parfois divergents. Cette approche collaborative constitue à la fois un terrain fertile pour un dialogue constructif, et une occasion de mieux comprendre les réalités du secteur privé. \n\nLes OSC ont également un rôle important à jouer dans la promotion de l’Action Collective en Afrique de l'Ouest. Elles doivent continuer à initier, faciliter et s'engager dans des initiatives d'Action Collective pour aider à sensibiliser et construire des ponts entre différentes parties prenantes. Leur présence apporte souvent transparence et crédibilité aux initiatives.\nLes résultats présentés dans ce Policy Brief sont issus d’échanges avec des OSC basées au Bénin (Social Watch Bénin), au Ghana (Ghana Integrity Initiative), en Côte d'Ivoire (Le Réseau des jeunes leaders pour l’intégrité) et au Togo (L’Alliance nationale des consommateurs et de l’environnement). Il vise à relater les défis et les opportunités que représente l'Action Collective dans la région. \n\nMalgré les différents contextes dans lesquels elles opèrent, ces organisations sont unies sur un point : lutter collectivement contre la corruption en faisant entendre la voix du secteur privé – élément crucial pour une croissance économique durable. \n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nCette publication fait partie de la série des *Policy Briefs* du Basel Institute on Governance, ISSN 2624-9669. Elle est publiée sous licence *Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International* (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nCitation suggérée : Young, L. 2022. « Corruption dans les États côtiers d'Afrique de l'Ouest : comment l'Action Collective peut aider ». Policy Brief 11, *Basel Institute on Governance*. Disponible sur : baselgovernance.org\u002Fpb11.\n\nLe *Policy Brief* est publié par l'équipe Secteur privé du Basel Institute on Governance. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre des efforts continus de l'équipe pour développer et promouvoir l'Action Collective anti-corruption, avec le soutien de la Siemens Integrity Initiative. ",[21],"English, French",[419],"2022-11-15","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa592f36b-6956-4804-8ddb-713c29a75cf2?width=600&height=840",[548,551],{"url":549,"caption":550},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb11"," Version anglaise",{"url":425,"caption":552}," Voir tous les Policy Briefs",[],[555],{"authors_id":556},{"id":557,"name":558},514,"Liza Young",[560,564,568,569],{"countries_id":561},{"id":562,"name":563},212,"Togo",{"countries_id":565},{"id":566,"name":567},25,"Benin",{"countries_id":7},{"countries_id":570},{"id":571,"name":572},79,"Ghana",[574,576,578],{"tags_id":575},{"id":234,"name":235},{"tags_id":577},{"id":399,"name":400},{"tags_id":579},{"id":101,"name":21},[581],2284,[21],[15,584],"French","2022-11-16T11:04:05.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:03.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb11-fr",{"id":589,"slug":590,"title":591,"status":6,"nid":592,"year":593,"body":594,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":595,"date_published":596,"image":597,"citation":7,"publisher":182,"link_internal":598,"link_external":605,"authors":606,"countries":627,"tags":640,"pdf":651,"topics":653,"featured":19,"languages":654,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":50,"date_created":655,"user_updated":453,"date_updated":656,"main_points":7,"short_version":657,"subtitle":7,"link":658},2439,"corruption-risk-management-latam-timber-value-chain","Preventing corruption in the timber value chain: Risk management experiences in Latin America",2927,2026,"Corruption in the timber value chain is a major challenge for environmental sustainability and governance in Latin America.\n\nThis report presents the application of a corruption risk management approach by environmental authorities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, implemented through technical assistance from the Basel Institute on Governance’s [Green Corruption programme](http:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption).\n\n[**Download the report here**](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-04\u002F260401_Preventing-corruption-in-the-timber-value-chain_Latam.pdf)\n\n### Key corruption risks\n\nThe report describes the main corruption risks identified in collaboration with five environmental authorities responsible for integrity in the timber value chain, covering:\n\n- The granting of forestry rights\n- The issuance and use of timber transport waybills\n- The control and supervision of authorised actors.\n\nThe main corruption risks identified involve:\n\n- Improper agreements between public servants and third parties\n- Abuse of authority\n- Undue influence or pressure from superiors\n\n### Mitigation measures\n\nPlanned mitigation measures fall into four main categories:\n\n- Regulatory improvements, including updating procedures, closing implementation gaps and improving efficiency\n- Strengthened supervision, such as file tracking systems and alerts to reduce discretion\n- Enhanced communication, including multicultural approaches for Indigenous and rural communities\n- Cross-cutting measures to promote integrity such as awareness-raising, ethical reflection and training\n\nGiven common patterns across natural resource sectors, these measures may be relevant for other environmental agencies, though they should be adapted to local contexts.\n\n### Lessons learned\n\nThe experiences in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru highlight the importance of tailoring risk management approaches to national contexts, ensuring institutional leadership and fostering inter-institutional collaboration. They also underline the value of peer learning and cross-border exchange.",[324],"2026-04-02","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa4345633-502b-4784-b391-b3ca6bafb2c5?width=600&height=840",[599,602],{"url":600,"caption":601},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fprotecting-forests-through-corruption-prevention-videos-on-promising-initiatives-in-bolivia-ecuador-and-peru-2726","Learn more about protecting forests through corruption prevention",{"url":603,"caption":604},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fjoining-forces-to-protect-the-amazon-forest-and-its-communities-from-corruption-2717","Read related news",[],[607,611,615,619,623],{"authors_id":608},{"id":609,"name":610},586,"Aldo Bautista",{"authors_id":612},{"id":613,"name":614},587,"Mirtha Muniz",{"authors_id":616},{"id":617,"name":618},588,"Karla Coronado",{"authors_id":620},{"id":621,"name":622},589,"Patricia Torres",{"authors_id":624},{"id":625,"name":626},590,"Francisco Bustamante",[628,632,636],{"countries_id":629},{"id":630,"name":631},171,"Peru",{"countries_id":633},{"id":634,"name":635},28,"Bolivia",{"countries_id":637},{"id":638,"name":639},60,"Ecuador",[641,643,647],{"tags_id":642},{"id":85,"name":86},{"tags_id":644},{"id":645,"name":646},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"tags_id":648},{"id":649,"name":650},859,"Corruption risks",[652],2494,[464],[15],"2026-06-01T22:10:25.000Z","2026-06-02T21:18:25.000Z","Corruption in the timber value chain represents a major challenge for environmental sustainability\nand governance in Latin America. This report introduces the application of a **corruption risk\nmanagement approach** by environmental authorities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. This\napproach was implemented within the framework of technical assistance provided by the Green\nCorruption programme of the Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nCorruption refers to the misuse of entrusted power for private gain, often leading to increased\ninequality, poverty and social division. The concept of “green corruption” addresses the impact of\ncorruption as a major driver of environmental devastation and increased risk of harm to the\nenvironment and natural resources. Corruption risk refers to the possibility of a corrupt act\noccurring, but does not necessarily mean that a corrupt act has taken place. Mitigation measures\n– based on identified corruption risks, their impacts and likelihoods – are typically a prioritised set\nof recommended actions to address weaknesses, allocate resources, seek external support or\noffset the impact of negative conditions.\n\nUtilising the Green Corruption programme’s corruption risk management approach,\nrepresentatives of the environmental authorities identified corruption risks within the timber value\nchain related to **three key risk contexts**:\n1. The granting of forestry rights\n2. The issuance and use of timber transport waybills\n3. The control and supervision of authorised actors.\n\n**Priority areas of concern** included documentary procedures, physical inspections and the\nadministrative sanctioning procedure.\n\n**Specific corruption risks** identified involved:\n- the potential for improper agreements between public servants and third parties;\n- abuse of authority; and\n- undue influence or other improper pressures from hierarchical superiors within organisations.\n\nThe majority of planned **mitigation measures** can be grouped into four categories:\n- **Regulatory improvement**, to be accomplished by reviewing and updating administrative procedures, closing implementation gaps and other opportunities for corruption and improving operating efficiency.\n- **Strengthened supervision** through the implementation of file tracking systems and alerts as well as the use of verification formats in the approval of forestry rights and the issuance of timber transport waybills, and other practices that reduce the discretion of operational units.\n- **Enhanced communication strategies** to support information exchange and joint action within the timber value chain. Specifically, a multicultural strategy was developed as a way of reducing the vulnerability to corruption for Indigenous and rural farming communities.\n- **Cross-cutting measures** to promote integrity through awareness-raising, ethical reflection and training for public servants and other actors in the timber value chain.\n\nThis document concludes with lessons learned and recommendations, highlighting the\nimportance of tailoring the approach to recognise the unique context of each country, its\ninstitutional leadership in risk management and the contribution of inter-institutional collaborative\nwork. The risk management experiences in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru also highlight the value of\npeer learning and the exchange of experiences, including across national borders.\n\nIn summary, this publication offers a practical approach for implementing corruption risk\nmanagement as an effective tool to reduce the likelihood of corrupt or unethical behaviour and to\nstrengthen the institutional framework for the timber value chain in Latin America.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcorruption-risk-management-latam-timber-value-chain",1780676560269]