[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":535},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-integrity-pacts-preventive-tool-combat-corruption-construction-business-and-services":3,"related-integrity-pacts-preventive-tool-combat-corruption-construction-business-and-services":70},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":23,"link_external":24,"featured":25,"topics":26,"languages":27,"type":28,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":30,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":31,"countries":42,"tags":43,"pdf":44,"authors":69},2186,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:57:58.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:21.000Z",1540,"integrity-pacts-preventive-tool-combat-corruption-construction-business-and-services","Integrity Pacts: Preventive tool to combat corruption in construction business and services","A presentation on Integrity Pacts by Transparency International – Czech Republic.","","English",2003,"Transparency International - Czech Republic","2003-01-01",true,[21,22],"Collective Action","Integrity Pacts",[],[],false,[21,22],[15],[29],"Article",[21],{"id":32,"storage":33,"filename_disk":34,"filename_download":35,"title":36,"type":37,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":38,"width":39,"height":40,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":41,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"74efaac6-1e02-431e-95fe-0c77813b7419","local","74efaac6-1e02-431e-95fe-0c77813b7419.jpg","Pages-from-TI-Czech-Rep-David-Ondracka-Integrity-Pacts.jpg","Pages from TI Czech Rep_David-Ondracka_Integrity-Pacts.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",116319,2000,1500,{},[],[],[45],{"id":46,"publications_id":47,"directus_files_id":61},2227,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":50,"link_internal":51,"link_external":52,"featured":25,"topics":53,"languages":54,"type":55,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":56,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":57,"tags":58,"pdf":59,"authors":60},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21,22],[],[],[21,22],[15],[29],[21],[],[],[46],[],{"id":62,"storage":33,"filename_disk":63,"filename_download":64,"title":64,"type":65,"folder":66,"uploaded_by":48,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":67,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":68,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"8515ed9a-a96f-4274-b75e-4efab805eee5","8515ed9a-a96f-4274-b75e-4efab805eee5.pdf","ti-czech-rep-david-ondracka-integrity-pacts.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",144160,"View PDF",[],[71,110,208,237,277,303,331,363,416,447],{"id":72,"slug":73,"title":74,"status":6,"nid":75,"year":76,"body":77,"external":25,"topic":78,"language":15,"type":81,"date_published":83,"image":84,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":86,"link_external":90,"authors":91,"countries":96,"tags":97,"pdf":102,"topics":104,"featured":25,"languages":106,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":107,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":108,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":109},1820,"g20s-responsiveness-b20-anti-corruption-recommendations-2010-2017-part-i-baseline","The G20’s responsiveness to B20 anti-corruption recommendations 2010–2017. Part I: Baseline report",1939,2020,"How effectively does the Business 20 (B20) process channel recommendations on anti-corruption from the business community up to the Group of Twenty (G20) leaders? Are there ways to increase the uptake of B20 recommendations by the G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) and in the final Communiqué at the G20 Summit?\n\nThis paper helps to answer the questions by analysing the responsiveness of the G20 leaders to the B20’s recommendations on anti-corruption from 2010 to 2017. The analysis uses three previous attempts to measure the impact of the B20 process on G20 outcomes, by the German and Russian presidencies and by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).\n\n### About this report\n\nThis report was funded by the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnew.siemens.com\u002Fglobal\u002Fen\u002Fcompany\u002Fsustainability\u002Fcompliance\u002Fcollective-action.html\">Siemens Integrity Initiative\u003C\u002Fa>, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[21,79,22,80],"HLRM","Compliance",[29,82],"Report","2020-12-09","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F377e6c2e-8e4a-4236-b4c1-7e76578bda36?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance",[87],{"url":88,"caption":89},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-report-highlights-3-ways-to-enhance-b20g20-dialogue-on-anti-corruption-1938"," View blog and summary",[],[92],{"authors_id":93},{"id":94,"name":95},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch",[],[98],{"tags_id":99},{"id":100,"name":101},982,"Anti-corruption",[103],1856,[21,79,22,105],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:57.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:44.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fg20s-responsiveness-b20-anti-corruption-recommendations-2010-2017-part-i-baseline",{"id":111,"slug":112,"title":113,"status":6,"nid":114,"year":115,"body":116,"external":25,"topic":117,"language":15,"type":118,"date_published":120,"image":121,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":122,"link_external":123,"authors":127,"countries":134,"tags":200,"pdf":201,"topics":203,"featured":25,"languages":204,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":205,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":206,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":207},2280,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption: A practical guide for anti-corruption agencies in Africa",2443,2024,"This guidance seeks to capture and explore the innovative approaches that African governments have developed to address the demand and supply sides of corruption more effectively and sustainably. It is designed to help government institutions, in particular national anti-corruption agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nThe document highlights good practices identified through interviews, desk research and a 2021 Southern African Development Community (SADC) training on “Emerging anti-corruption issues and private-sector engagement for SADC anti-corruption agencies”.\n\nAfrica offers many examples of innovative, unique and context-sensitive approaches to engage the private sector in anti-corruption efforts. Ghana’s National Anti-Corruption Action Plan, for instance, offers an award scheme and is looking into providing tax benefits to companies that enforce anti-corruption measures and demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption. Other agencies and governments in the region, such as Morocco, are currently discussing implementing a reward system for compliant companies that can be considered when companies bid for public tenders.\n\nThese examples demonstrate how African governments proactively seek to tackle corruption and collaborate with the private sector.\n\nFrom the initiatives captured, three common strategic approaches can be identified to underpin effective and impactful engagement:\n\n\n- **Raising awareness,** guiding and working with the private sector to more effectively address corruption risks.\n- **Identifying and providing incentives** to companies investing in their compliance programmes.\n- **Demonstrating leadership** by actively participating in Collective Action and public-private partnerships.\n\n\nThis document is a follow-up of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2199\">practical global guide\u003C\u002Fa> published in July 2022 and was produced with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nIt is freely shareable under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance.",[21,79,22],[119,82],"Guidelines","2024-11-06","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd?width=600&height=840",[],[124],{"url":125,"caption":126},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Learn more about Collective Action",[128,130],{"authors_id":129},{"id":94,"name":95},{"authors_id":131},{"id":132,"name":133},514,"Liza Young",[135,139,143,147,151,155,159,163,167,171,175,179,180,184,188,192,196],{"countries_id":136},{"id":137,"name":138},135,"Morocco",{"countries_id":140},{"id":141,"name":142},79,"Ghana",{"countries_id":144},{"id":145,"name":146},244,"Zambia",{"countries_id":148},{"id":149,"name":150},153,"Malawi",{"countries_id":152},{"id":153,"name":154},73,"Gabon",{"countries_id":156},{"id":157,"name":158},151,"Mauritius",{"countries_id":160},{"id":161,"name":162},156,"Mozambique",{"countries_id":164},{"id":165,"name":166},243,"South Africa",{"countries_id":168},{"id":169,"name":170},113,"Kenya",{"countries_id":172},{"id":173,"name":174},45,"Cameroon",{"countries_id":176},{"id":177,"name":178},157,"Namibia",{"countries_id":7},{"countries_id":181},{"id":182,"name":183},161,"Nigeria",{"countries_id":185},{"id":186,"name":187},189,"Rwanda",{"countries_id":189},{"id":190,"name":191},192,"Seychelles",{"countries_id":193},{"id":194,"name":195},38,"Democratic Republic of Congo",{"countries_id":197},{"id":198,"name":199},130,"Lesotho",[],[202],2409,[21,79,22],[15],"2023-05-22T10:04:31.000Z","2026-06-01T22:47:36.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fengaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti",{"id":209,"slug":210,"title":211,"status":6,"nid":212,"year":213,"body":214,"external":25,"topic":215,"language":15,"type":216,"date_published":217,"image":218,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":219,"link_external":220,"authors":221,"countries":224,"tags":225,"pdf":230,"topics":232,"featured":25,"languages":233,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":234,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":235,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":236},2199,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption",2236,2022,"This practical guide is designed to help governments, and in particular National Anti-Corruption Agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nIt explains how governments can engage with the private sector to prevent corruption in three ways:\n\n\n- **Collaborate and consult on corruption prevention activities in the private sector** - by setting up events and platforms, providing advisory support and engaging the private sector in developing National Anti-Corruption Strategies.\n- **Support and incentivise the private sector to engage in corruption prevention activities and initiatives** - by creating tangible business benefits for companies investing in compliance, incentivising companies to externalise their compliance programmes, and supporting compliance certification.\n- **Demonstrate leadership by becoming an active participant in Collective Action** - by establishing Collective Action as the go-to approach for engaging with the private sector, by implementing integrity tools in public procurement, and by fostering compliance in state-owned enterprises.\n\n\nEach point is supported with examples of such actions around the world. Many of the examples were provided by a core group of members from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.coe.int\u002Fen\u002Fweb\u002Fcorruption\u002Fncpa-network\">Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA)\u003C\u002Fa>, who worked together with the Basel Institute on Governance to develop this guidance. The Basel Institute’s participation in developing these guidelines is funded by the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsiemens.com\u002Fintegrity-initiative\">Siemens Integrity Initiative\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThe guidance will be updated on a regular basis to continue the discussion around government and private-sector engagement on issues of corruption. \n\nThis document is freely shareable under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA).",[21,79,22],[119],"2022-06-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd1e59a3d-4f55-44c0-8202-0de5ff67f5ec?width=600&height=840",[],[],[222],{"authors_id":223},{"id":94,"name":95},[],[226],{"tags_id":227},{"id":228,"name":229},1373,"Corruption prevention",[231],2380,[21,79,22],[15],"2022-06-16T13:29:18.000Z","2026-06-01T22:47:37.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fengaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption",{"id":238,"slug":239,"title":240,"status":6,"nid":241,"year":76,"body":242,"external":25,"topic":243,"language":15,"type":244,"date_published":245,"image":246,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":247,"link_external":251,"authors":252,"countries":265,"tags":266,"pdf":269,"topics":272,"featured":25,"languages":273,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":274,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":275,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":276},1863,"mainstreaming-collective-action-establishing-baseline","Mainstreaming Collective Action: Establishing a baseline",1905,"This paper sets out why and how Collective Action needs to become a global \"norm\" in the fight against corruption and an integral part of mainstream anti-corruption efforts. The idea is to ensure that Collective Action is considered in companies' compliance programmes as a risk mitigation tool to analyse and address persistent problems of corruption. The pathway to achieving this is to embed Collective Action as recommendation in international, national and business-relevant standards.\n\nThe report: \n\n\n- Describes anti-corruption Collective Action. \n- Sets out what “mainstreaming” and “creating norms” mean in this context.\n- Presents detailed analysis on the current state of endorsements of anti-corruption Collective Action by relevant bodies, including a selection of national anti-corruption strategies in various countries. \n- Gives a brief description of the strategy to expand the take-up of Collective Action in such documents and standards.  \n",[21,79,22],[82],"2020-03-31","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9788499a-ea07-4693-8e32-610ed19b1965?width=600&height=840",[248],{"url":249,"caption":250},"\u002Fresources\u002Fcollective-action-hub"," Learn about Collective Action at the Basel Institute",[],[253,257,261],{"authors_id":254},{"id":255,"name":256},289,"Gemma Aiolfi",{"authors_id":258},{"id":259,"name":260},374,"Kyle Forness",{"authors_id":262},{"id":263,"name":264},296,"Monica Guy",[],[267],{"tags_id":268},{"id":100,"name":101},[270,271],1897,1898,[21,79,22],[15],"2022-04-27T11:54:22.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fmainstreaming-collective-action-establishing-baseline",{"id":278,"slug":279,"title":280,"status":6,"nid":281,"year":282,"body":283,"external":25,"topic":284,"language":15,"type":285,"date_published":286,"image":287,"citation":14,"publisher":288,"link_internal":289,"link_external":290,"authors":291,"countries":292,"tags":293,"pdf":296,"topics":298,"featured":25,"languages":299,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":300,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":301,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":302},2259,"compliance-progress-sensemaking-perspective-governance-corruption","From Compliance to Progress: A Sensemaking Perspective on the Governance of Corruption",2344,2023,"The authors of this academic paper discuss how attitudes to preventing and tackling corruption are different between cultures, and have also changed over time within them, focusing on the East (Asia) and the West (Western Europe & North America). This is particularly important for multi-national companies to consider when developing compliance programmes. \n\nThey look at two challenges organisations face in implementing anti-corruption policies: policy-practice decoupling, which is the difference between what a formal policy says should happen and what actually happens, and means-end de-coupling, which is when the implementation of a policy does not lead to its envisaged goals. \n\nThey argue that ever-evolving cultural beliefs, judgements and practices are key to determining how people interpret and act in the governance of corruption, but that \"ongoing interactive communication\" can help bring people together to close the de-coupling gaps.\n\nIn other words, acting collectively - either within or between organisations - can be a key way for companies to effectively implement anti-corruption programmes.",[21],[29],"2023-01-24","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fbe7b463e-1edd-4b0a-a18c-ec57c466d4c2?width=600&height=840","Organization Science",[],[],[],[],[294],{"tags_id":295},{"id":100,"name":101},[297],2301,[21],[15],"2023-01-24T17:04:17.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:43.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcompliance-progress-sensemaking-perspective-governance-corruption",{"id":304,"slug":305,"title":306,"status":6,"nid":307,"year":213,"body":308,"external":25,"topic":309,"language":15,"type":310,"date_published":311,"image":312,"citation":14,"publisher":313,"link_internal":314,"link_external":315,"authors":319,"countries":322,"tags":323,"pdf":324,"topics":326,"featured":25,"languages":327,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":328,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":329,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":330},2233,"inmagazine-collective-action-conference-and-mentoring-programme","InMagazine: Collective Action Conference and Mentoring Programme",2291,"This article by Scarlet Wannenwetsch appeared in the September issue of InMagazine, published by the TEID Ethics & Reputation Society.\n\nIt covers the 4th International Collective Action Conference in Basel, Switzerland, and the Basel Institute's Mentoring Programme for civil society\u002Fnon-profit organisations working together with the private sector to address corruption challenges.",[21],[29],"2022-09-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F2614ccac-3b4c-4b32-8b29-403d0d742dbc?width=600&height=840","TEID Ethics & Reputation Society",[],[316],{"url":317,"caption":318},"https:\u002F\u002Fviewer.joomag.com\u002Finmagazine-2022-%C3%96zel-say%C4%B1s%C4%B1-etik-ve-%C4%B0tibar-derne%C4%9Fi\u002F0364960001664176044"," View full magazine online",[320],{"authors_id":321},{"id":94,"name":95},[],[],[325],2275,[21],[15],"2022-10-06T10:04:06.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:34.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finmagazine-collective-action-conference-and-mentoring-programme",{"id":332,"slug":333,"title":334,"status":6,"nid":335,"year":336,"body":337,"external":25,"topic":338,"language":15,"type":343,"date_published":344,"image":345,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":346,"link_external":347,"authors":351,"countries":352,"tags":353,"pdf":354,"topics":356,"featured":25,"languages":359,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":360,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":361,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":362},1770,"papering-over-cracks-or-building-stronger-systems-together-financial-crime-context","Papering over cracks or building stronger systems together? Financial crime in the context of covid-19",2151,2021,"This article is the Basel Institute’s contribution to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fglobalforumljd.com\u002Fwhats-new\u002Fglobal-forum-law-justice-and-development-review-legal-experiences-and-global-practices\">Global Forum on Law, Justice and Development Review of Legal Experiences and Global Practices Relating to COVID-19\u003C\u002Fa>, published in December 2021. The Global Forum is an initiative of The World Bank. The contribution was submitted in July 2020; the version below contains minor updates to hyperlinks.\n\nIt explores how covid-19 has exposed cracks and flaws in the systems designed to protect communities from corruption and has accelerated existing trends in financial crime. The next systemic disruption may come from another pandemic, climate change or perhaps biological or cyber attacks. Whatever the future holds, it is clear that financial crime systems must become more resilient if they are to protect us. \n\nThe article notes that the world has an opportunity to reflect meaningfully on the problems and build stronger, more efficient and effective systems against financial crime. It covers three areas:\n\n\n- Technology, and how technology upgrades in law enforcement and criminal justice proceedings are necessary but not sufficient\n- Streamlining and speeding up procedures in cases of financial crime, such as mutual legal assistance \n- Citizen engagement in the fight against financial crime, including mobilising citizens by using recovered proceeds of corruption and crime to fund essential healthcare services.\n",[339,21,340,341,342],"Asset Recovery","Green Corruption","Public Finance Management","Public Governance",[29],"2021-12-20","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F8e820908-5ca1-4e36-bee9-aea6fbd4b1e3?width=600&height=840",[],[348],{"url":349,"caption":350},"https:\u002F\u002Fglobalforumljd.com\u002Fwhats-new\u002Fglobal-forum-law-justice-and-development-review-legal-experiences-and-global-practices"," View the GFLJD Review of Legal Experiences and Global Practices Relating to COVID-19",[],[],[],[355],1791,[357,21,340,341,358],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement","Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:24.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:13.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpapering-over-cracks-or-building-stronger-systems-together-financial-crime-context",{"id":364,"slug":365,"title":366,"status":6,"nid":367,"year":368,"body":369,"external":25,"topic":370,"language":15,"type":373,"date_published":375,"image":376,"citation":377,"publisher":85,"link_internal":378,"link_external":382,"authors":383,"countries":392,"tags":393,"pdf":407,"topics":410,"featured":25,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":412,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":413,"main_points":7,"short_version":414,"subtitle":7,"link":415},2425,"wp-60","Working Paper 60: Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives",2867,2025,"Corruption is not simply about individual misconduct. It is a networked phenomenon that arises from entrenched social, economic and political interactions. It is orchestrated through coordination between groups and clusters of individuals.\n\nThis Working Paper explores the networked nature of corruption and the opportunities this presents for anti-corruption efforts. The aim is to understand how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks helps to understand the persistence and resilience of corruption, while opening up new anti-corruption perspectives.\n\nA meta-analysis of findings from more than 15 years of research on informal networks and corruption underpins the conceptualisation of corrupt networks. The paper argues that a focus on networks helps to shed light on the functionality of corruption – from petty bribery to large-scale public procurement fraud – and the underlying social norms that enable it.\n\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal networks associated with corruption and applying the network logic to anti-corruption strategies can help to achieve better outcomes. The paper specifically looks at anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives, suggesting that these should emulate positive aspects of informal networks.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n",[21,371,372],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[374],"Working Paper","2025-11-04","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F3fc6640b-79d3-481c-a74c-fc1979923c1b?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Jacopo Costa. 2025. 'Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anticorruption Collective Action initiatives.'Working Paper 60, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\u003C\u002Fa>.",[379],{"url":380,"caption":381},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[384,388],{"authors_id":385},{"id":386,"name":387},572,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":389},{"id":390,"name":391},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",[],[394,397,399,403],{"tags_id":395},{"id":396,"name":21},909,{"tags_id":398},{"id":100,"name":101},{"tags_id":400},{"id":401,"name":402},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":404},{"id":405,"name":406},967,"Organised crime",[408,409],2480,2481,[21,411],"Prevention Research and Innovation","2025-11-04T17:05:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z","This Working Paper reflects on the networked nature of corruption and the\nlessons that can be learned from studying it. Particularly, it provides insights into\nthe opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing anti-corruption\nCollective Action initiatives.\n\nThe authors consider corruption not as a series of isolated acts by individuals,\nbut as the outcome of complex, resilient informal networks embedded within\nsocio-political, economic and cultural structures. Within this framework, they\ninvestigate how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks can\nimprove our understanding of the persistence of corruption and create new\nperspectives to promote better anti-corruption outcomes and impacts.\n\nDrawing on over 15 years of empirical research across diverse countries and\nregions, the authors argue that corruption must be viewed through a network\nlens. This approach reveals how informal connections facilitate rule subversion,\nproblem-solving and goal achievement where formal institutions are weak or\nineffective.\n\nThe paper contends that a focus on networks sheds light on the functionality\nof corruption and the underlying social norms enabling corrupt exchanges.\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal\nnetworks associated with corruption can help design better anti-corruption\ninitiatives.\n\nThe Working Paper contributes to the existing literature on corruption strategies\nand anti-corruption activities.\n\n**First**, the authors explore how **informal networks rooted in trust, reciprocity\nand social norms can serve practical functions**, including accessing public\nservices, boosting business profitability and winning elections. The strength\nof informal networks lies in their adaptability, internal organisation and\nembeddedness in local cultures.\n\nThe authors identify **six core roles in informal networks** that pursue corrupt\nobjectives: seekers, doers, brokers, facilitators, intermediaries and instigators.\nThe coordination and division of tasks among these six roles make such informal\nnetworks effective in achieving their goals.\n\nIn addition, the authors unpack **the most important strategies these corrupt\ninformal networks rely on** for their functioning. These strategies are:\n\n- co-optation (recruitment and trust building);\n- control (discipline and compliance);\n- camouflage (concealment and legitimacy); and\n- coordination (task orchestration and adaptability).\n\n**Second**, the authors set out **concrete implications for anti-corruption\nactivities** based on insights on how informal networks operate. They state that\ntraditional top-down, normative approaches often fail due to the functionality\nof corruption (i.e., corruption is always a means to an end) and the social\nembeddedness of corrupt networks.\n\nThe authors propose to apply the network logic to anti-corruption strategies. This\npaper particularly focuses on **Collective Action initiatives** and suggests that\nthese should emulate positive aspects of informal networks. Collective Action\nrefers to collaborative efforts – typically involving businesses, civil society and\u002For\npublic institutions – to tackle corruption risks and shared integrity challenges that\nno single actor can resolve alone.\n\nThis means that, to be effective, these Collective Action initiatives must be\nbased on:\n\n- **Functional goals:** Set short-term, tangible goals aligned with participants’ interests.\n- **Strategic co-optation:** Recruit key stakeholders strategically, including those who are prone to corruption risks, by using trust-building mechanisms that can supply an added value to the stakeholders.\n- **Transparency and accountability:** Leverage mechanisms of peer pressure and reputation management that can ensure sustained commitment and engagement among participants and deter free-riding strategies.\n\nIn conclusion, to foster integrity in today’s fragmented and conflict-prone world,\nanti-corruption initiatives generally must shift from targeting individuals to\ntargeting the networks that sustain corruption. Sustainable change requires\nlocally rooted, trust-based collective efforts that provide functional, credible and\ncoordinated alternatives to illicit networks.\n\nIn this sense, Collective Action initiatives built on conceptualising corruption\nas a networked problem can be an effective solution for achieving\nanti-corruption goals","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60",{"id":417,"slug":418,"title":419,"status":6,"nid":420,"year":368,"body":421,"external":25,"topic":422,"language":15,"type":424,"date_published":425,"image":426,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":427,"link_external":428,"authors":432,"countries":435,"tags":436,"pdf":441,"topics":443,"featured":25,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":444,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":445,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":446},2418,"anti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024","Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024",2845,"This report analyses the approaches of the previous five B20 presidencies to addressing anti-corruption Collective Action. It captures lessons learned and provides recommendations for future B20\u002FG20 cycles. It is primarily intended for upcoming B20\u002FG20 presidencies, B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members and organisations engaging with the B20\u002FG20.\n\n### About this report\n\nYou may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nSuggested citation: Scarlet Wannenwetsch. 2025. 'Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024.' Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThe report was funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[21,423],"Private Sector",[82],"2025-08-29","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7f5abe00-7eca-48f7-a600-067f05b7871a?width=600&height=840",[],[429],{"url":430,"caption":431},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F1820"," Read related baseline report",[433],{"authors_id":434},{"id":94,"name":95},[],[437,439],{"tags_id":438},{"id":100,"name":101},{"tags_id":440},{"id":396,"name":21},[442],2475,[21,423],"2025-09-08T21:17:14.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:11.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fanti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024",{"id":448,"slug":449,"title":450,"status":6,"nid":451,"year":368,"body":452,"external":25,"topic":453,"language":15,"type":454,"date_published":456,"image":457,"citation":14,"publisher":85,"link_internal":458,"link_external":459,"authors":495,"countries":504,"tags":505,"pdf":513,"topics":523,"featured":25,"languages":524,"summary":525,"programme":526,"area":527,"websites":529,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":531,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":532,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":533,"link":534},2407,"collective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity","Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity",2824,"At its core, Collective Action is a simple yet powerful concept: tackling corruption challenges together, rather than alone. Over the past two decades, anti-corruption Collective Action has grown from a niche idea to a recognised approach embedded in international standards, national strategies and corporate practices.\n\nThis book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.\n\nDrawing on real-life examples, policy milestones and practical experiences from the Basel Institute on Governance and its partners, *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity *presents how diverse actors have been working together to tackle corruption in complex environments.\n\n\n- **Part 1: Advancing the knowledge base** – presents the analytical tools and conceptual models that help us make sense of Collective Action in practice.\n- **Part 2: Mainstreaming Collective Action as a norm** – illustrates the growing recognition of Collective Action in international standards and policy frameworks. It also showcases the Institute’s International Collective Action Conference series and the Collective Action Awards.\n- **Part 3: Providing hands-on support** – focuses on the Basel Institute’s direct support to Collective Action practitioners and highlights the importance of peer learning.\n\n\n\n\n\n*Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity *was developed and published by the Basel Institute on Governance, with support from the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\n### About this publication\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: collective-action.com\n\nSuggested citation: Hocq, Nicolas, and Vanessa Hans. 2025. *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity. Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance*. Basel: Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nISBNs are as follows:\n\n\n- PDF: 978-3-9526182-0-2\n- Paperback (forthcoming): 978-3-9526182-1-9\n\n### Download or view online\nScroll down for links to download the book or specific chapters, or flick through online below:",[21],[455],"Book","2025-06-30","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0dd71cde-39e7-4161-a90f-c7b90ebc2415?width=600&height=840",[],[460,463,465,468,471,474,477,480,483,486,489,492],{"url":461,"caption":462},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fenrol\u002Findex.php?id=168"," eLearning course: Collective Action Against Corruption",{"url":125,"caption":464}," Visit the B20 Collective Action Hub",{"url":466,"caption":467},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.co.uk\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.co.uk",{"url":469,"caption":470},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.com\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.com",{"url":472,"caption":473},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.ca\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.ca",{"url":475,"caption":476},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.de\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.de",{"url":478,"caption":479},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.fr\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.fr",{"url":481,"caption":482},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.es\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.es",{"url":484,"caption":485},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.it\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.it",{"url":487,"caption":488},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.nl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.nl",{"url":490,"caption":491},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.pl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.pl",{"url":493,"caption":494},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.se\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.se",[496,500],{"authors_id":497},{"id":498,"name":499},298,"Vanessa Hans",{"authors_id":501},{"id":502,"name":503},565,"Nicolas Hocq",[],[506,508,511],{"tags_id":507},{"id":100,"name":101},{"tags_id":509},{"id":510,"name":80},1236,{"tags_id":512},{"id":396,"name":21},[514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522],2458,2459,2460,2461,2462,2463,2464,2465,2466,[21],[15],"This book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.",[423],[528],"Business Integrity & Governance",[21,530],"Main page","2025-07-03T09:59:40.000Z","2026-06-02T14:16:21.000Z","Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcollective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity",1780676571452]