[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":572},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-doing-business-high-risk-countries":3,"related-doing-business-high-risk-countries":146},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":22,"link_external":23,"featured":19,"topics":24,"languages":26,"type":27,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":29,"countries":39,"tags":40,"pdf":94,"authors":115},2043,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:56:24.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:16.000Z",210,"doing-business-high-risk-countries","Doing business in high risk countries","Attractive investment and growth opportunities are often found in countries with high levels of risk. As such, companies need to make sufficient preparations, write Elena Hounta and Selvan Lehmann.","Hounta, E., Lehmann, S. (2015). 'Doing business in high risk countries' in World Finance, Mar-Apr 2015 edition. World News Media","",2015,"World News Media","2015-03-01",false,[21],"Compliance",[],[],[25],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[],[28],"Article",{"id":30,"storage":31,"filename_disk":32,"filename_download":33,"title":33,"type":34,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":35,"width":36,"height":37,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":38,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"eff462e5-b7c4-4797-a3ba-1d0b9068dd1a","local","eff462e5-b7c4-4797-a3ba-1d0b9068dd1a.png","doingbusinessinhighriskcountries.png","image\u002Fpng",469376,1040,1282,{},[],[41,64,79],{"id":42,"publications_id":43,"tags_id":61},3990,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":46,"link_internal":47,"link_external":48,"featured":19,"topics":49,"languages":50,"type":51,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":52,"tags":53,"pdf":56,"authors":58},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21],[],[],[25],[],[28],[],[42,54,55],3993,5092,[57],2084,[59,60],2252,2253,{"id":62,"name":63},859,"Corruption risks",{"id":54,"publications_id":65,"tags_id":76},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":66,"link_internal":67,"link_external":68,"featured":19,"topics":69,"languages":70,"type":71,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":72,"tags":73,"pdf":74,"authors":75},[21],[],[],[25],[],[28],[],[42,54,55],[57],[59,60],{"id":77,"name":78},830,"Business integrity",{"id":55,"publications_id":80,"tags_id":91},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":81,"link_internal":82,"link_external":83,"featured":19,"topics":84,"languages":85,"type":86,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":87,"tags":88,"pdf":89,"authors":90},[21],[],[],[25],[],[28],[],[42,54,55],[57],[59,60],{"id":92,"name":93},818,"Anti-money laundering",[95],{"id":57,"publications_id":96,"directus_files_id":107},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":97,"link_internal":98,"link_external":99,"featured":19,"topics":100,"languages":101,"type":102,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":103,"tags":104,"pdf":105,"authors":106},[21],[],[],[25],[],[28],[],[42,54,55],[57],[59,60],{"id":108,"storage":31,"filename_disk":109,"filename_download":110,"title":110,"type":111,"folder":112,"uploaded_by":44,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":113,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":114,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"702e4901-22e1-4490-9de1-8074b286594b","702e4901-22e1-4490-9de1-8074b286594b.pdf","Doingbusinessinhighriskcountries.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",185790,"View PDF",[116,131],{"id":59,"publications_id":117,"authors_id":128},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":118,"link_internal":119,"link_external":120,"featured":19,"topics":121,"languages":122,"type":123,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":124,"tags":125,"pdf":126,"authors":127},[21],[],[],[25],[],[28],[],[42,54,55],[57],[59,60],{"id":129,"name":130,"position":7,"image":7},453,"Elena Hounta",{"id":60,"publications_id":132,"authors_id":143},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":8,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":133,"link_internal":134,"link_external":135,"featured":19,"topics":136,"languages":137,"type":138,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":139,"tags":140,"pdf":141,"authors":142},[21],[],[],[25],[],[28],[],[42,54,55],[57],[59,60],{"id":144,"name":145,"position":7,"image":7},334,"Selvan Lehmann",[147,197,239,275,311,360,402,452,494,526],{"id":148,"slug":149,"title":150,"status":6,"nid":151,"year":152,"body":153,"external":19,"topic":154,"language":157,"type":158,"date_published":160,"image":161,"citation":15,"publisher":162,"link_internal":163,"link_external":167,"authors":168,"countries":177,"tags":178,"pdf":191,"topics":193,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":194,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":195,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":196},2395,"quick-guide-39-business-integrity-and-ethics","Quick Guide 39: Business integrity and ethics",2785,2025,"The changing landscape of anti-corruption regulation and enforcement has triggered important discussions around the role of ethics and compliance in business strategies and in the economy as a whole. It has also given impetus to the narrative that anti-corruption compliance programmes are inevitably costly, potentially ineffective and bureaucratic. \n\nThis ignores many of the positive advances in compliance that have been made in recent years, as well as the growing body of evidence supporting the business case for compliance.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers five broad areas in which mature and well-constructed ethics and compliance systems can benefit businesses even in the face of an uncertain regulatory and enforcement framework. It is based on a roundtable convened by the Basel Institute on Governance and bilateral discussions with key figures in the business and anti-corruption community.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[155,156],"Collective Action","Private Sector","English",[159],"Quick Guide","2025-03-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9a75cbfc-a56c-4739-b683-d2122f94d9bc?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance",[164],{"url":165,"caption":166},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[],[169,173],{"authors_id":170},{"id":171,"name":172},298,"Vanessa Hans",{"authors_id":174},{"id":175,"name":176},296,"Monica Guy",[],[179,181,185,189],{"tags_id":180},{"id":77,"name":78},{"tags_id":182},{"id":183,"name":184},1274,"Ethics",{"tags_id":186},{"id":187,"name":188},1380,"Sustainability",{"tags_id":190},{"id":62,"name":63},[192],2436,[155,156,25],"2025-03-25T17:05:22.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:52.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-39-business-integrity-and-ethics",{"id":198,"slug":199,"title":200,"status":6,"nid":201,"year":202,"body":203,"external":19,"topic":204,"language":157,"type":207,"date_published":208,"image":209,"citation":15,"publisher":162,"link_internal":210,"link_external":212,"authors":216,"countries":221,"tags":222,"pdf":231,"topics":233,"featured":19,"languages":235,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":236,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":237,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":238},2200,"quick-guide-26-national-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-risk-assessments","Quick Guide 26: National money laundering and terrorist financing risk assessments",2235,2022,"This quick guide explains the role of national risk assessments in addressing money laundering and terrorist financing (ML\u002FTF) risks.\n\nIt explains how national risk assessments are conducted, challenges in terms of methodology and data availability, and how well countries are doing at performing them.\n\nNRAs are a critical element of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards on ML\u002FTF. They also provide data in special reports of the Basel AML Index.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nThis work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[205,206],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery",[159],"2022-06-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff9f605aa-1d2d-42eb-b4cd-b0a30afa87e4?width=600&height=840",[211],{"url":165,"caption":166},[213],{"url":214,"caption":215},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=133"," View on Basel LEARN",[217],{"authors_id":218},{"id":219,"name":220},301,"Kateryna Boguslavska",[],[223,225,227],{"tags_id":224},{"id":92,"name":93},{"tags_id":226},{"id":62,"name":63},{"tags_id":228},{"id":229,"name":230},867,"Financial crime",[232],2238,[205,234],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[157],"2022-06-16T13:29:18.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:59.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-26-national-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-risk-assessments",{"id":240,"slug":241,"title":242,"status":6,"nid":243,"year":244,"body":245,"external":19,"topic":246,"language":157,"type":247,"date_published":249,"image":250,"citation":15,"publisher":162,"link_internal":251,"link_external":252,"authors":256,"countries":257,"tags":258,"pdf":268,"topics":270,"featured":19,"languages":271,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":272,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":273,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":274},2377,"putting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action","Putting business integrity on the global agenda: Report from the 5th International Collective Action Conference",2725,2024,"The 5th International Collective Action Conference represented another significant milestone in the development of responsible and ethical business practices through anti-corruption Collective Action. \n\nThe conference, hosted by the Basel Institute with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative, took place on 24 and 25 June 2024 in Basel, Switzerland. This short conference report presents main insights, quotes as well as infographics and graphic recordings from the two-day event, which welcomed around 200 people from around the world and across all sectors.\n\nA key theme of this year’s conference was the importance of building local, regional and international communities of practice. These communities bring together different constellations of people and organisations interested in the Collective Action approach to improve skills, develop joint solutions and advance knowledge about how to make initiatives effective in different contexts. \n\nFive panel discussions, three interactive breakout sessions and multiple networking opportunities, including an exhibition, offered many occasions for sharing experiences and best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action and breaking down silos.\n\n### About this report and acknowledgements\n\nThe Basel Institute on Governance thanks the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting and providing funding for the conference’s 5th edition, as well as all speakers and breakout session facilitating organisations. The full list of presenters and sessions can be found on conference pages of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002Fagenda\">B20 Collective Action Hub\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nGraphic recording illustrations: Tetyana Kalyuzhna, Basel Institute on Governance.\nPhoto and video credit: David Borter, LEO MEDIA GmbH \u002F BBM PRODUCTIONS AG.\n\nThe report is free to share or republish under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\">https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u003C\u002Fa>.",[155,156],[248],"Report","2024-11-28","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F02044130-66da-43f7-8ee2-ef45cc33cc96?width=600&height=840",[],[253],{"url":254,"caption":255},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002F"," See Conference web page",[],[],[259,262,264],{"tags_id":260},{"id":261,"name":155},909,{"tags_id":263},{"id":77,"name":78},{"tags_id":265},{"id":266,"name":267},982,"Anti-corruption",[269],2415,[155,156,25],[157],"2024-12-05T14:06:46.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:53.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fputting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action",{"id":276,"slug":277,"title":278,"status":6,"nid":279,"year":202,"body":280,"external":19,"topic":281,"language":157,"type":283,"date_published":284,"image":285,"citation":15,"publisher":162,"link_internal":286,"link_external":288,"authors":291,"countries":296,"tags":297,"pdf":304,"topics":306,"featured":19,"languages":307,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":308,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":309,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":310},1759,"quick-guide-24-internal-controls-and-anti-corruption","Quick Guide 24: Internal controls and anti-corruption",2188,"Broadly, “internal controls” refers to systems of policies, procedures and practices to prevent, detect and respond to issues, errors and irregularities. \n\nSystems of internal control can be very effective in addressing corrupt conduct, which is the focus of this quick guide. But internal controls can also address other problems that affect an organisation’s efficiency and effectiveness, such as poor employee performance or the failure to accomplish important organisational goals. \n\nThe guide outlines what internal controls are, gives examples of internal controls in a public institution, and emphasises success factors – like independence, real consequences and credible reporting channels.\n\nThe guide is of broad relevance, but linked to a pilot project of the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption\u003C\u002Fa> team. The project seeks to assess and make recommendations to strengthen internal controls relating to wildlife crime investigations and prosecutions in three countries.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nThis work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,282],"Green Corruption",[159],"2022-02-24","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb2cec882-c09d-4cd1-8ab4-b40c6effdd2a?width=600&height=840",[287],{"url":165,"caption":166},[289],{"url":290,"caption":215},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=121",[292],{"authors_id":293},{"id":294,"name":295},353,"Rebecca Batts",[],[298,302],{"tags_id":299},{"id":300,"name":301},1378,"Public financial management",{"tags_id":303},{"id":62,"name":63},[305],1785,[25,282],[157],"2022-04-27T11:53:16.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:04.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-24-internal-controls-and-anti-corruption",{"id":312,"slug":313,"title":314,"status":6,"nid":315,"year":316,"body":317,"external":19,"topic":318,"language":319,"type":320,"date_published":321,"image":322,"citation":15,"publisher":162,"link_internal":323,"link_external":326,"authors":330,"countries":335,"tags":336,"pdf":347,"topics":352,"featured":19,"languages":353,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":357,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":358,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":359},1866,"quick-guide-16-gold-laundering","Quick guide 16: Gold laundering",1532,2020,"Mark Pieth, President of the Board of the Basel Institute on Governance and author of the book *Gold Laundering*, offers an insight into the risks of human rights and environmental harms in gold supply chains. Where are the risks and responsibilities?\n\nCollective Action with gold refiners, suppliers and other stakeholders, he concludes, can help to clean up the industry.\n\n*This work is licensed under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.*",[205,155,21],"English, French, Portuguese, Spanish",[159],"2020-03-02","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd74aee78-c3f6-4a54-9258-df73bdd72687?width=600&height=840",[324],{"url":165,"caption":325}," View all quick guides",[327],{"url":328,"caption":329},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=37"," View on LEARN (EN, ES, FR)",[331],{"authors_id":332},{"id":333,"name":334},302,"Mark Pieth",[],[337,341,345],{"tags_id":338},{"id":339,"name":340},932,"Human rights",{"tags_id":342},{"id":343,"name":344},1303,"Environment",{"tags_id":346},{"id":77,"name":78},[348,349,350,351],1900,1901,1902,1903,[205,155,25],[157,354,355,356],"French","Portuguese","Spanish","2022-04-27T11:54:24.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-16-gold-laundering",{"id":361,"slug":362,"title":363,"status":6,"nid":364,"year":365,"body":366,"external":19,"topic":367,"language":157,"type":368,"date_published":370,"image":371,"citation":15,"publisher":162,"link_internal":372,"link_external":379,"authors":380,"countries":385,"tags":390,"pdf":395,"topics":397,"featured":19,"languages":398,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":399,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":400,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":401},1875,"working-paper-31-applying-swiss-anti-money-laundering-act-gold-refineries","Working Paper 31: Applying the Swiss Anti-Money Laundering Act to gold refineries",1041,2019,"Switzerland is the world leader in gold refining. Of the roughly 2,200–3,100 tonnes of raw gold imported into the country each year,  the majority is destined for Swiss gold refineries. Together these companies are estimated to refine 50–70 percent of the world’s gold production, transforming it into gold bars, semi-finished products and other goods. \n\nThe imported gold loses all traces of its origin during the refining process. Due to the high-quality manufacturing standards of Swiss refineries, and the fact that they possess all of the pertinent accreditations, the gold can afterwards be traded as \"Swiss\" gold on international financial markets without restrictions.\n\nAt the same time, the international gold trade is enormously vulnerable to money laundering operations by drug cartels and other forms of organised crime networks, terrorist organisations, and kleptocrats.  As the world centre of gold refining, Switzerland is highly exposed to these money laundering risks. \n\nThis Working Paper first analyses money laundering risks in the gold trade, supported by examples. This is followed by an overview of the gold refineries' due diligence obligations under existing self-regulation and the Swiss Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA). It is shown that the self-regulation models have, at best, mixed success and that the core business of the refineries is not subject to the AMLA. Finally, the paper sets out the pros and cons of applying the AMLA obligations to the core business of Swiss refineries.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=255\">ISSN: 2624-9650\u003C\u002Fa>. It is also available in German: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-31-die-unterstellung-von-goldraffinerien-unter-das-geldwaschereigesetz\">Die Unterstellung von Goldraffinerien unter das Geldwäschereigesetz\u003C\u002Fa>.",[205,21],[369],"Working Paper","2019-12-12","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F383f7853-d0bd-4d26-a5f5-588b9d2a2045?width=600&height=840",[373,376],{"url":374,"caption":375},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-31-die-unterstellung-von-goldraffinerien-unter-das-geldwaschereigesetz"," View German version",{"url":377,"caption":378},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[381],{"authors_id":382},{"id":383,"name":384},315,"Stefan Mbiyavanga",[386],{"countries_id":387},{"id":388,"name":389},41,"Switzerland",[391,393],{"tags_id":392},{"id":92,"name":93},{"tags_id":394},{"id":343,"name":344},[396],1912,[205,25],[157],"2022-04-27T11:54:29.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:50.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-31-applying-swiss-anti-money-laundering-act-gold-refineries",{"id":403,"slug":404,"title":405,"status":6,"nid":406,"year":407,"body":408,"external":19,"topic":7,"language":7,"type":409,"date_published":410,"image":411,"citation":7,"publisher":7,"link_internal":412,"link_external":413,"authors":417,"countries":434,"tags":439,"pdf":444,"topics":446,"featured":19,"languages":448,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":449,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":450,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":451},2437,"evolution-corruption-and-crimes-kapitan-andreevo-border-checkpoint-impact-eu-accession","The Evolution of Corruption and Crimes at Kapitan Andreevo Border Checkpoint: The Impact of EU Accession",2960,2026,"Published in the _Journal of Illicit Trade, Financial Crime, and Compliance_, this article examines how Bulgaria’s 2007 accession to the European Union transformed illegal activities and corruption at the Kapitan Andreevo border checkpoint.\n\nWhile the introduction of stricter EU regulations and advanced surveillance technology aimed to secure the border, these measures had the effect of transforming criminal strategies and corruption. The authors detail a shift from blatant smuggling to more sophisticated financial frauds, VAT carousel schemes and the illicit privatisation of public border functions.\n\nThe article highlights that in some cases, it was the bribery schemes that evolved to bypass new standards. In other cases – particularly involving drug trafficking and the smuggling of human beings – it was the criminal strategies that transformed, including advanced concealment methods or new smuggling routes.\n\nThe study also offers a nuanced perspective on the relationship between corruption and criminal activites at border checkpoints: stronger capacity to counter criminal activities could lead to an increase in the risk of corruption, while a more coherent anti corruption framework could trigger criminal activities to evolve. Ultimately, the article argues that anti-crime and anti-corruption policies must account for this evolutionary nature.",[28],"2026-05-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F2a662dae-21a7-4e84-971d-1c8a70f4754b?width=600&height=840",[],[414],{"url":415,"caption":416},"https:\u002F\u002Fjitfccjournal.com\u002Findex.php\u002Fjitfcc\u002Farticle\u002Fview\u002F16","View on Journal website",[418,422,426,430],{"authors_id":419},{"id":420,"name":421},304,"Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":423},{"id":424,"name":425},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":427},{"id":428,"name":429},584,"Noémi Jäger",{"authors_id":431},{"id":432,"name":433},303,"Saba Kassa",[435],{"countries_id":436},{"id":437,"name":438},22,"Bulgaria",[440,442],{"tags_id":441},{"id":62,"name":63},{"tags_id":443},{"id":266,"name":267},[445],2492,[447],"Prevention Research and Innovation",[157],"2026-06-01T22:10:25.000Z","2026-06-01T22:34:25.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fevolution-corruption-and-crimes-kapitan-andreevo-border-checkpoint-impact-eu-accession",{"id":453,"slug":454,"title":455,"status":6,"nid":456,"year":152,"body":457,"external":19,"topic":458,"language":157,"type":459,"date_published":460,"image":461,"citation":15,"publisher":462,"link_internal":463,"link_external":464,"authors":468,"countries":473,"tags":478,"pdf":489,"topics":490,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":491,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":492,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":493},2424,"back-action-how-uk-reviving-unexplained-wealth-orders-academy-bulletin","Back in Action: How the UK is reviving unexplained wealth orders (The Academy Bulletin)",2864,"In an article published in the Fall 2025 issue of the Bulletin of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffinancialcrimelitigators.org\u002F\">International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators\u003C\u002Fa>, Andrew Dornbierer explores the revival of unexplained wealth orders (UWOs) in the United Kingdom.\n\nIntroduced in 2017 as a tool to combat the abuse of UK's markets to launder criminal proceeds, the UWO mechanism suffered a severe setback in 2020. After only a handful of attempts to use it, a decision by the High Court effectively left it sprawled on the canvas.\n\nIn the last year or so, however, the mechanism has slowly started to prove itself. Most recently, the UK's Serious Fraud Office – in its first use of the UK's UWO mechanism – secured GBP 1.1 million from the sale of a property belonging to the ex-wife of a convicted fraudster.\n\nThis article offers a short history of UWOs in the UK. It examines how, after a turbulent start and subsequent amendments to the mechanism, UWOs are now back to being used by UK authorities to tackle illicit financial flows. If applied responsibly, proportionately and in harmony with established legal rights, unexplained wealth orders promise to be a powerful tool in the UK’s fight to recover criminal assets.\n\nThis is the fifth issue of The Academy's Bulletin. It has been established to transmit the work of Academy Fellows, draw attention to matters of importance to the legal community and provide high-level analysis of cutting-edge issues in global financial crime investigations and litigation. The Basel Institute on Governance acts as Secretariat to the Academy.",[206],[28],"2025-11-03","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fc313d2fa-3e1c-43ab-b40e-3e418d819df1?width=600&height=840","International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[],[465],{"url":466,"caption":467},"https:\u002F\u002Fedit.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb401d6c9-b0e4-4ab9-ad1f-948c567c6ab3.pdf","Fall 2025 Bulletin of the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[469],{"authors_id":470},{"id":471,"name":472},306,"Andrew Dornbierer",[474],{"countries_id":475},{"id":476,"name":477},225,"Ukraine",[479,483,485],{"tags_id":480},{"id":481,"name":482},843,"Asset recovery",{"tags_id":484},{"id":92,"name":93},{"tags_id":486},{"id":487,"name":488},821,"Unexplained wealth",[],[234],"2025-11-03T11:05:50.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fback-action-how-uk-reviving-unexplained-wealth-orders-academy-bulletin",{"id":495,"slug":496,"title":497,"status":6,"nid":498,"year":499,"body":500,"external":19,"topic":501,"language":157,"type":502,"date_published":503,"image":504,"citation":15,"publisher":505,"link_internal":506,"link_external":510,"authors":514,"countries":515,"tags":516,"pdf":519,"topics":521,"featured":19,"languages":522,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":523,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":524,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":525},2281,"guide-conducting-corruption-risk-assessments-wildlife-law-enforcement-context","Guide to conducting corruption risk assessments in a wildlife law enforcement context",2447,2023,"This guide is a high-level “how-to” for carrying out a corruption risk assessment in a conservation\u002Fenvironmental law enforcement context, using the Map, Characterize, Assess, and Recommend (MCAR) approach designed by the Basel Institute on Governance. \n\n\n- The first section covers planning: the resources, timing, and other considerations for setting up the assessment. \n- The second section lays out each step of the assessment, with tips, basic instructions, and implementation recommendations for each stage. \n- Finally, the annexes provide sample supporting materials, including a simplified process diagram and map, a sample questionnaire for interviews, and a basic confidentiality agreement.\n\n\nIt was developed under the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa> as part of a wider research collaboration between the Basel Institute and Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ftnrcproject.org\u002F\">TNRC\u003C\u002Fa>) project consortium. \n\n### About the TNRC project\n\nThe TNRC project seeks to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming on the ground.\n\nA USAID-funded project, TNRC is implemented by a consortium of leading organizations in anti-corruption, natural resource management, and conservation: World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, TRAFFIC, and the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at George Mason University.",[282],[28],"2023-05-23","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F39153f88-1965-485c-8560-d82fb410d6c5?width=600&height=840","Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project",[507],{"url":508,"caption":509},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwhere-are-weakest-links-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement-chain-lessons-corruption"," View related topic brief",[511],{"url":512,"caption":513},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-guide-to-conducting-corruption-risk-assessments-in-a-wildlife-law-enforcement-context","View on TNRC website",[],[],[517],{"tags_id":518},{"id":62,"name":63},[520],2316,[282],[157],"2023-05-23T10:04:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fguide-conducting-corruption-risk-assessments-wildlife-law-enforcement-context",{"id":527,"slug":528,"title":529,"status":6,"nid":530,"year":202,"body":531,"external":19,"topic":532,"language":157,"type":533,"date_published":534,"image":535,"citation":15,"publisher":505,"link_internal":536,"link_external":537,"authors":541,"countries":556,"tags":557,"pdf":566,"topics":568,"featured":19,"languages":569,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":44,"date_created":570,"user_updated":45,"date_updated":571,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":508},1753,"where-are-weakest-links-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement-chain-lessons-corruption","Where are the weakest links in the illegal wildlife trade enforcement chain? Lessons from corruption risk assessments with agencies in three countries",2214,"This Practice Note:\n\n\n- Summarizes experiences and lessons from conducting corruption risk assessments (CRAs) with authorities responsible for investigations and prosecutions of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) cases in three countries in Africa and Latin America. It seeks to demonstrate the value of adopting a collaborative approach to CRAs, illustrates potential avenues for pursuing such an approach when the right factors are in place, and demonstrates how mapping the criminal justice process provides a solid starting point to identify critical vulnerabilities. The note also highlights factors that might recommend another approach, for example where collaboration cannot be assured.\n- Highlights some common risks that emerged from the CRAs in the three countries and that may negatively affect the progress of IWT cases in other countries. Still, corruption risks vary among countries and agency contexts, and it is not always feasible for practitioners to conduct or initiate a CRA. These general insights can help point practitioners to possible vulnerabilities to look out for.\n\n\nThe practice note was developed by team members of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa> as part of a wider research collaboration between the Basel Institute and the TNRC project consortium. \n\n### Takeaways\n\n\n- Effective enforcement against illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and related crimes is a vital component of wildlife conservation, but corruption risks within law enforcement agencies can undermine their ability to investigate and prosecute such cases. Supporting agencies to identify, evaluate, prioritize, and mitigate their corruption risks can help improve enforcement outcomes, assign scarce resources to areas that pose the highest risks, and build trust and cooperation with other agencies and stakeholders.\n- This TNRC Practice Note describes the lessons and insights from a three-country corruption risk assessment (CRA) exercise, using a collaborative approach that involves engaging with agency staff and relevant stakeholders to illuminate and systematically evaluate major risks. This is a sensitive process that requires strong relationships with agency leadership and a deep understanding of local political, social, and economic factors.\n- In all three countries, mitigating high-priority corruption risks in law enforcement agencies required a constructive, pragmatic, and sustained approach. Working jointly and acknowledging agencies’ political, capacity, and resource constraints can therefore represent a viable alternative to simply penalizing corrupt practices through investigations and audits.\n- Experience suggests that mapping the criminal justice process’ decision points is a crucial first step that builds shared understanding across stakeholders and helps identify corruption risk areas. It can take substantial investments of time to produce such maps, but that investment is usually warranted as it ensures researchers and stakeholders are speaking the same language.\n\n\n### About the TNRC project\n\nThe TNRC project seeks to improve biodiversity conservation outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming on the ground.\n\nA USAID-funded project, TNRC is implemented by a consortium of leading organizations in anti-corruption, natural resource management, and conservation: World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, TRAFFIC, and the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC) at George Mason University.",[282],[28,248],"2022-04-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5f8a6994-0803-4ade-aac0-7a2ba8a398db?width=600&height=840",[],[538],{"url":539,"caption":540},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-where-are-the-weakest-links-in-the-illegal-wildlife-trade-enforcement-chain-lessons-from-corruption-risk-assessments-with-agencies-in-three-countries","View publication online on TNRC website",[542,546,550,554],{"authors_id":543},{"id":544,"name":545},314,"Manuel Medina",{"authors_id":547},{"id":548,"name":549},299,"Juhani Grossmann",{"authors_id":551},{"id":552,"name":553},361,"Taradhinta Suryandari",{"authors_id":555},{"id":175,"name":176},[],[558,560,562],{"tags_id":559},{"id":62,"name":63},{"tags_id":561},{"id":343,"name":344},{"tags_id":563},{"id":564,"name":565},1374,"Law enforcement",[567],1781,[282],[157],"2022-04-27T11:53:12.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:10.000Z",1780676605117]