[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":630},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-corruption-perceptions-index-2025":3,"author-links-corruption-perceptions-index-2025":109,"related-corruption-perceptions-index-2025":110},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":7,"slug":10,"title":11,"body":12,"citation":7,"language":7,"year":7,"publisher":13,"date_published":14,"external":15,"topic":7,"link_internal":7,"link_external":16,"featured":20,"topics":21,"languages":26,"type":28,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":30,"summary":31,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":32,"og_image":7,"countries":45,"tags":46,"pdf":83,"authors":107,"translations_publications":108},2456,"published",null,"2026-09-09T09:17:07.000Z","2026-09-09T09:18:40.000Z","corruption-perceptions-index-2025","Corruption Perceptions Index 2025","Transparency International's 2025 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks 182 countries and territories according to the levels of public-sector corruption perceived by experts and businesspeople. It relies on 13 independent data sources and uses a scale of zero to 100, where zero means that the country’s public sector is seen as highly corrupt, and 100 as very clean. The results underline how most countries need to do far more to prevent and stop corruption.\n\nThis publication provides the full scores and ranks as well as an overview of the current state of corruption globally alongside recommendations on how to address the problem.\n\nThe Changing Corruption Levels section presents insight into several trends that explain long term score changes experienced by different groups of improving and declining countries.\n\nAdditionally, the Key Drivers and Consequences of Corruption section explores four important topics that are closely interlinked with corruption:\n\n- justice and the rule of law\n- democracy and political integrity\n- civic space and media freedom\n- public services and inequality","Transparency International","2026-02-10",true,[17],{"url":18,"caption":19},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.transparency.org\u002Fen\u002Fpublications\u002Fcorruption-perceptions-index-2025","Access the CPI 2025 report via the Transparency International website",false,[22,23,24,25],"HLRM","Integrity Pacts","Human rights","Collective Action",[27],"English",[29],"Report",[25],"Transparency International's 2025 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks 182 countries and territories according to the levels of public-sector corruption perceived by experts and businesspeople. The report provides the full scores and ranks as well as an overview of the current state of corruption globally alongside recommendations on how to address the problem.\n",{"id":33,"storage":34,"filename_disk":35,"filename_download":36,"title":37,"type":38,"created_on":39,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":40,"width":41,"height":42,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":43,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":44,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":39},"8ea333cb-4711-4e62-8bb3-a3440050597d","local","8ea333cb-4711-4e62-8bb3-a3440050597d.jpg","CPI-2025-Report-EN_cover.jpg","CPI 2025 Report_Cover","image\u002Fjpeg","2026-09-09T09:04:10.000Z",528442,2481,3508,"Cover of the Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 report",{},[],[47,67],{"id":48,"publications_id":49,"tags_id":64},5267,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":50,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":7,"slug":10,"image":33,"title":11,"body":12,"citation":7,"language":7,"year":7,"publisher":13,"date_published":14,"external":15,"topic":7,"link_internal":7,"link_external":51,"featured":20,"topics":53,"languages":54,"type":55,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":56,"summary":31,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"countries":57,"tags":58,"pdf":60,"authors":62,"translations_publications":63},"d22c72aa-896a-43ce-acca-4154ff70a25a",[52],{"url":18,"caption":19},[22,23,24,25],[27],[29],[25],[],[48,59],5268,[61],2564,[],[],{"id":65,"name":66},1371,"Public governance",{"id":59,"publications_id":68,"tags_id":80},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":50,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":7,"slug":10,"image":33,"title":11,"body":12,"citation":7,"language":7,"year":7,"publisher":13,"date_published":14,"external":15,"topic":7,"link_internal":7,"link_external":69,"featured":20,"topics":71,"languages":72,"type":73,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":74,"summary":31,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"countries":75,"tags":76,"pdf":77,"authors":78,"translations_publications":79},[70],{"url":18,"caption":19},[22,23,24,25],[27],[29],[25],[],[48,59],[61],[],[],{"id":81,"name":82},973,"Corruption",[84],{"id":61,"sort":85,"publications_id":86,"directus_files_id":98},1,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":50,"date_created":8,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":9,"nid":7,"slug":10,"image":33,"title":11,"body":12,"citation":7,"language":7,"year":7,"publisher":13,"date_published":14,"external":15,"topic":7,"link_internal":7,"link_external":87,"featured":20,"topics":89,"languages":90,"type":91,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":92,"summary":31,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"countries":93,"tags":94,"pdf":95,"authors":96,"translations_publications":97},[88],{"url":18,"caption":19},[22,23,24,25],[27],[29],[25],[],[48,59],[61],[],[],{"id":99,"storage":34,"filename_disk":100,"filename_download":101,"title":102,"type":103,"folder":104,"uploaded_by":50,"created_on":105,"modified_by":50,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":106,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":105},"6fe3095f-0133-47a4-888b-901a5fb3066e","6fe3095f-0133-47a4-888b-901a5fb3066e.pdf","CPI-2025-Report-EN.pdf","Corruption Perceptions Index 2025 Report EN","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5","2026-09-09T09:14:20.000Z",3656596,[],[],{},[111,189,294,326,367,396,457,493,539,591],{"id":112,"slug":113,"title":114,"status":6,"nid":115,"year":116,"body":117,"external":20,"topic":118,"language":27,"type":120,"date_published":121,"image":122,"citation":123,"publisher":124,"link_internal":125,"link_external":129,"authors":136,"countries":153,"tags":158,"pdf":179,"topics":181,"featured":20,"languages":182,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":184,"user_updated":185,"date_updated":186,"main_points":187,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":188},2433,"addressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition","Addressing conflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia’s energy transition",2936,2026,"This U4 Issue analyses Indonesia's ambitious energy transition and highlights how political finance, weak regulations and a \"revolving door\" of personnel between public office and the private sector create vulnerabilities. The publication was produced by U4 and the Basel Institute on Governance through its Green Corruption programme.\n\n### About the paper\n\nConflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia's political economy pose significant risks to its energy transition, including the Just Energy Transition Partnership. Existing legal and institutional frameworks are fragmented, inconsistently applied, and often fail to address the risk of state capture by powerful political and economic actors, especially in the extractive and energy sectors.\n\nThe reliance on fossil fuel industries for political financing and the monopolistic nature of state-owned entities further complicate the shift to a low- or no-carbon system, despite the country's ambitious renewable energy targets.\n\nPotential pathways to greater anti-corruption resilience lie in improvements to beneficial ownership transparency and strengthening regulation, monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations.\n",[119],"Green Corruption",[29],"2026-02-24","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd97f2ca5-300d-45c9-9de9-33152b72f96c?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","","U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre",[126],{"url":127,"caption":128},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa3bd53b9-57e5-4e9b-b70c-810e7de5fffa\u002FAddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition-U4-Issue.pdf?v=20260227151132000","Download PDF",[130,133],{"url":131,"caption":132},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," View on U4 website",{"url":134,"caption":135},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fblog\u002Fimproving-anti-corruption-resilience-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," Read related U4 blog",[137,141,145,149],{"authors_id":138},{"id":139,"name":140},581,"Robert Forster",{"authors_id":142},{"id":143,"name":144},582,"Aled Williams",{"authors_id":146},{"id":147,"name":148},523,"Lakso Anindito",{"authors_id":150},{"id":151,"name":152},561,"Dr Amanda Cabrejo le Roux",[154],{"countries_id":155},{"id":156,"name":157},99,"Indonesia",[159,163,167,171,173,177],{"tags_id":160},{"id":161,"name":162},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":164},{"id":165,"name":166},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":168},{"id":169,"name":170},804,"Natural resources",{"tags_id":172},{"id":65,"name":66},{"tags_id":174},{"id":175,"name":176},1236,"Compliance",{"tags_id":178},{"id":81,"name":82},[180],2489,[119],[27],"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","2026-02-27T15:11:31.000Z","97125d77-553b-478d-8c59-7064ee23cd96","2026-08-11T06:28:00.000Z","- Corruption and conflicts of interest are embedded in the energy transition process due to the strong links between political power, private wealth (especially from extractive industries) and public office holders.\n- Existing anti-corruption regulations are often vague, fragmented across different legal instruments, and suffer from inconsistent enforcement, which creates loopholes susceptible to manipulation.\n- Progress in renewable energy uptake is slowed by the enduring influence and interests of fossil fuel incumbents who benefit from subsidies that keep coal an artificially cheap and viable energy source.\n- The Just Energy Transition Partnership is vulnerable to misallocations due to concentrated decision-making power, limited transparency in project selection and insufficient involvement of national anti-corruption bodies and civil society in its planning.\n- Improving transparency of beneficial ownership and strengthening the monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations are possible pathways to build greater anti-corruption resilience, though these institutional efforts alone are insufficient to fully address state capture dynamics.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition",{"id":190,"slug":191,"title":192,"status":6,"nid":193,"year":194,"body":195,"external":20,"topic":196,"language":27,"type":197,"date_published":199,"image":200,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":202,"link_external":203,"authors":207,"countries":216,"tags":285,"pdf":286,"topics":288,"featured":20,"languages":289,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":290,"user_updated":291,"date_updated":292,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":293},2280,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption: A practical guide for anti-corruption agencies in Africa",2443,2024,"This guidance seeks to capture and explore the innovative approaches that African governments have developed to address the demand and supply sides of corruption more effectively and sustainably. It is designed to help government institutions, in particular national anti-corruption agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nThe document highlights good practices identified through interviews, desk research and a 2021 Southern African Development Community (SADC) training on “Emerging anti-corruption issues and private-sector engagement for SADC anti-corruption agencies”.\n\nAfrica offers many examples of innovative, unique and context-sensitive approaches to engage the private sector in anti-corruption efforts. Ghana’s National Anti-Corruption Action Plan, for instance, offers an award scheme and is looking into providing tax benefits to companies that enforce anti-corruption measures and demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption. Other agencies and governments in the region, such as Morocco, are currently discussing implementing a reward system for compliant companies that can be considered when companies bid for public tenders.\n\nThese examples demonstrate how African governments proactively seek to tackle corruption and collaborate with the private sector.\n\nFrom the initiatives captured, three common strategic approaches can be identified to underpin effective and impactful engagement:\n\n\n- **Raising awareness,** guiding and working with the private sector to more effectively address corruption risks.\n- **Identifying and providing incentives** to companies investing in their compliance programmes.\n- **Demonstrating leadership** by actively participating in Collective Action and public-private partnerships.\n\n\nThis document is a follow-up of a [practical global guide](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2199) published in July 2022 and was produced with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nIt is freely shareable under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F) licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance.",[25,22,23],[198,29],"Guidelines","2024-11-06","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance",[],[204],{"url":205,"caption":206},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Learn more about Collective Action",[208,212],{"authors_id":209},{"id":210,"name":211},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch",{"authors_id":213},{"id":214,"name":215},514,"Liza Young",[217,221,225,229,233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,277,281],{"countries_id":218},{"id":219,"name":220},135,"Morocco",{"countries_id":222},{"id":223,"name":224},79,"Ghana",{"countries_id":226},{"id":227,"name":228},244,"Zambia",{"countries_id":230},{"id":231,"name":232},153,"Malawi",{"countries_id":234},{"id":235,"name":236},73,"Gabon",{"countries_id":238},{"id":239,"name":240},151,"Mauritius",{"countries_id":242},{"id":243,"name":244},156,"Mozambique",{"countries_id":246},{"id":247,"name":248},243,"South Africa",{"countries_id":250},{"id":251,"name":252},113,"Kenya",{"countries_id":254},{"id":255,"name":256},45,"Cameroon",{"countries_id":258},{"id":259,"name":260},157,"Namibia",{"countries_id":262},{"id":263,"name":264},161,"Nigeria",{"countries_id":266},{"id":267,"name":268},189,"Rwanda",{"countries_id":270},{"id":271,"name":272},192,"Seychelles",{"countries_id":274},{"id":275,"name":276},38,"Democratic Republic of Congo",{"countries_id":278},{"id":279,"name":280},130,"Lesotho",{"countries_id":282},{"id":283,"name":284},42,"Côte d'Ivoire",[],[287],2409,[25,22,23],[27],"2023-05-22T10:04:31.000Z","dfef11db-1bc6-47e9-a61d-93443995484b","2026-08-21T10:43:27.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fengaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti",{"id":295,"slug":296,"title":297,"status":6,"nid":298,"year":299,"body":300,"external":20,"topic":301,"language":27,"type":302,"date_published":304,"image":305,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":306,"link_external":310,"authors":311,"countries":314,"tags":315,"pdf":318,"topics":320,"featured":20,"languages":322,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":323,"user_updated":291,"date_updated":324,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":325},1820,"g20s-responsiveness-b20-anti-corruption-recommendations-2010-2017-part-i-baseline","The G20’s responsiveness to B20 anti-corruption recommendations 2010–2017. Part I: Baseline report",1939,2020,"How effectively does the Business 20 (B20) process channel recommendations on anti-corruption from the business community up to the Group of Twenty (G20) leaders? Are there ways to increase the uptake of B20 recommendations by the G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) and in the final Communiqué at the G20 Summit?\n\nThis paper helps to answer the questions by analysing the responsiveness of the G20 leaders to the B20’s recommendations on anti-corruption from 2010 to 2017. The analysis uses three previous attempts to measure the impact of the B20 process on G20 outcomes, by the German and Russian presidencies and by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).\n\n### About this report\n\nThis report was funded by the [Siemens Integrity Initiative](https:\u002F\u002Fnew.siemens.com\u002Fglobal\u002Fen\u002Fcompany\u002Fsustainability\u002Fcompliance\u002Fcollective-action.html), which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[25,22,23,176],[303,29],"Article","2020-12-09","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F377e6c2e-8e4a-4236-b4c1-7e76578bda36?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[307],{"url":308,"caption":309},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-report-highlights-3-ways-to-enhance-b20g20-dialogue-on-anti-corruption-1938"," View blog and summary",[],[312],{"authors_id":313},{"id":210,"name":211},[],[316],{"tags_id":317},{"id":161,"name":162},[319],1856,[25,22,23,321],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[27],"2022-04-27T11:53:57.000Z","2026-08-21T10:43:00.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fg20s-responsiveness-b20-anti-corruption-recommendations-2010-2017-part-i-baseline",{"id":327,"slug":328,"title":329,"status":6,"nid":330,"year":299,"body":331,"external":20,"topic":332,"language":27,"type":333,"date_published":334,"image":335,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":336,"link_external":340,"authors":341,"countries":354,"tags":355,"pdf":358,"topics":361,"featured":20,"languages":362,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":363,"user_updated":364,"date_updated":365,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":366},1863,"mainstreaming-collective-action-establishing-baseline","Mainstreaming Collective Action: Establishing a baseline",1905,"This paper sets out why and how Collective Action needs to become a global \"norm\" in the fight against corruption and an integral part of mainstream anti-corruption efforts. The idea is to ensure that Collective Action is considered in companies' compliance programmes as a risk mitigation tool to analyse and address persistent problems of corruption. The pathway to achieving this is to embed Collective Action as recommendation in international, national and business-relevant standards.\n\nThe report: \n\n\n- Describes anti-corruption Collective Action. \n- Sets out what “mainstreaming” and “creating norms” mean in this context.\n- Presents detailed analysis on the current state of endorsements of anti-corruption Collective Action by relevant bodies, including a selection of national anti-corruption strategies in various countries. \n- Gives a brief description of the strategy to expand the take-up of Collective Action in such documents and standards.  \n",[25,22,23],[29],"2020-03-31","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9788499a-ea07-4693-8e32-610ed19b1965?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[337],{"url":338,"caption":339},"\u002Fresources\u002Fcollective-action-hub"," Learn about Collective Action at the Basel Institute",[],[342,346,350],{"authors_id":343},{"id":344,"name":345},289,"Gemma Aiolfi",{"authors_id":347},{"id":348,"name":349},374,"Kyle Forness",{"authors_id":351},{"id":352,"name":353},296,"Monica Guy",[],[356],{"tags_id":357},{"id":161,"name":162},[359,360],1898,1897,[25,22,23],[27],"2022-04-27T11:54:22.000Z","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6","2026-06-02T14:08:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fmainstreaming-collective-action-establishing-baseline",{"id":368,"slug":369,"title":370,"status":6,"nid":371,"year":372,"body":373,"external":20,"topic":374,"language":27,"type":375,"date_published":376,"image":377,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":378,"link_external":379,"authors":380,"countries":383,"tags":384,"pdf":389,"topics":391,"featured":20,"languages":392,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":393,"user_updated":291,"date_updated":394,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":395},2199,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption",2236,2022,"This practical guide is designed to help governments, and in particular National Anti-Corruption Agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nIt explains how governments can engage with the private sector to prevent corruption in three ways:\n\n\n- **Collaborate and consult on corruption prevention activities in the private sector** - by setting up events and platforms, providing advisory support and engaging the private sector in developing National Anti-Corruption Strategies.\n- **Support and incentivise the private sector to engage in corruption prevention activities and initiatives** - by creating tangible business benefits for companies investing in compliance, incentivising companies to externalise their compliance programmes, and supporting compliance certification.\n- **Demonstrate leadership by becoming an active participant in Collective Action** - by establishing Collective Action as the go-to approach for engaging with the private sector, by implementing integrity tools in public procurement, and by fostering compliance in state-owned enterprises.\n\n\nEach point is supported with examples of such actions around the world. Many of the examples were provided by a core group of members from the [Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.coe.int\u002Fen\u002Fweb\u002Fcorruption\u002Fncpa-network), who worked together with the Basel Institute on Governance to develop this guidance. The Basel Institute’s participation in developing these guidelines is funded by the [Siemens Integrity Initiative](https:\u002F\u002Fsiemens.com\u002Fintegrity-initiative).\n\nThe guidance will be updated on a regular basis to continue the discussion around government and private-sector engagement on issues of corruption. \n\nThis document is freely shareable under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F)). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA).",[25,22,23],[198],"2022-06-16","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd1e59a3d-4f55-44c0-8202-0de5ff67f5ec?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[],[],[381],{"authors_id":382},{"id":210,"name":211},[],[385],{"tags_id":386},{"id":387,"name":388},1373,"Corruption prevention",[390],2380,[25,22,23],[27],"2022-06-16T13:29:18.000Z","2026-08-21T10:43:16.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fengaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption",{"id":397,"slug":398,"title":399,"status":6,"nid":400,"year":401,"body":402,"external":20,"topic":403,"language":27,"type":407,"date_published":409,"image":410,"citation":411,"publisher":201,"link_internal":412,"link_external":421,"authors":422,"countries":427,"tags":432,"pdf":447,"topics":449,"featured":20,"languages":453,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":454,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":455,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":456},1798,"working-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes","Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography",2050,2021,"This working paper is based on an empirical investigation of corruption and illicit exchange related to the so-called “Lava Jato” or “Odebrecht” scandal. Focusing on former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and his laundering of bribes obtained from the construction giant Odebrecht, the analysis aims to test the usefulness of applying a network lens to better understand the mechanisms underlying grand corruption cases. It also aims to further illuminate the nexus between corruption and money laundering and the role of hidden and offshore financial infrastructures in facilitating the illicit schemes. \n\nThe research used a combination of social network analysis and network ethnography techniques to explore the following questions: \n\n\n- How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? \n- Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact and what is their division of labour? \n- How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? \n\n\nAnswering these questions with empirical evidence related to a specific case makes it possible to better understand how the connection between corruption and money laundering using offshore financial infrastructure works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon. \n\n### About this report\n\nThis paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https:\u002F\u002Feterna.unibas.ch\u002F) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2021.36.1-35](https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2021.36.1-35).\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en). ",[404,405,406],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery","Public Governance",[29,408],"Working Paper","2021-07-08","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb9766eed-37a9-40e2-97d0-3b05e149b633?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Costa, J., 2021. *Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography*. Working Paper 36, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes",[413,415,418],{"url":414,"caption":128},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F953caaeb-763b-4d3c-b49c-e460806c5f0d\u002FWorking-Paper-36-Odebrecht-Toledo.pdf?v=20220427115344000",{"url":416,"caption":417},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-analysis-of-the-toledo-odebrecht-case-illuminates-the-complex-transnational-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes-2051"," Summary \u002F blog by author",{"url":419,"caption":420},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[423],{"authors_id":424},{"id":425,"name":426},304,"Dr Jacopo Costa",[428],{"countries_id":429},{"id":430,"name":431},171,"Peru",[433,437,441,443,445],{"tags_id":434},{"id":435,"name":436},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":438},{"id":439,"name":440},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":442},{"id":387,"name":388},{"tags_id":444},{"id":165,"name":166},{"tags_id":446},{"id":81,"name":82},[448],1833,[404,450,451,452],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement","Corruption Prevention and Public Governance","Prevention Research and Innovation",[27],"2022-04-27T11:53:43.000Z","2026-09-03T10:12:17.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes",{"id":458,"slug":459,"title":460,"status":6,"nid":461,"year":401,"body":462,"external":20,"topic":463,"language":27,"type":464,"date_published":465,"image":466,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":467,"link_external":468,"authors":469,"countries":474,"tags":477,"pdf":486,"topics":488,"featured":20,"languages":489,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":490,"user_updated":291,"date_updated":491,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":492},1801,"gendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female","Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi",2040,"This report offers an initial insight into the problem of gendered corruption, including sextortion and so-called double bribery, based on interviews with 19 businesswomen in Malawi. Part of a wider research project into procurement corruption, the interviews aimed to explore the extent of gendered corruption as a coercive form of social exchange, as well as the role of informal corrupt networks in magnifying gender-specific inequalities.\n\nThough based on a small sample in one particular context, the findings indicate that more research into this topic is urgently needed globally with a view to mainstreaming sexual corruption into anti-corruption programming. Initial findings indicate that:\n\n\n- Sextortion, forced sexual favours, \"double bribery\" and other forms of sexual corruption are perceived to be widespread in Malawi. \n- Women's risk of being subjected to sexual corruption increases in informal network settings, such as those in which business takes place.\n- Socio-economic factors and gender-imbalanced power dynamics play an important role in enabling sexual corruption to take place with impunity.\n- Trustworthy reporting and support mechanisms for sexual corruption are said to be lacking. \n- Existing female-only business self-help groups could provide a strong base for enabling women to address issues of sexual corruption and related gendered violence. \n\n\nOverall, there is a great need for more research and policy attention globally to gendered corruption and related issues that still remain – tragically – hidden from view or considered as normal. \n\n### About this publication\n\nThe research underpinning this report has been undertaken in support of the Tackling Serious and Organised Crime (TSOC) programme in Malawi, which is funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Stahl, C., 2021. *Gendered corruption: Initial insights into sextortion and double bribery affecting female businesswomen in Malawi.* Basel Institute on Governance, [https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-in…](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female).",[406],[29],"2021-06-28","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5b923df6-8ac9-4ee3-8161-d9b3fe92ac9a?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[],[],[470],{"authors_id":471},{"id":472,"name":473},354,"Cosimo Stahl",[475],{"countries_id":476},{"id":231,"name":232},[478,480,484],{"tags_id":479},{"id":81,"name":82},{"tags_id":481},{"id":482,"name":483},848,"Behavioural science",{"tags_id":485},{"id":439,"name":440},[487],1836,[451],[27],"2022-04-27T11:53:45.000Z","2026-08-21T10:42:56.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fgendered-corruption-initial-insights-sextortion-and-double-bribery-affecting-female",{"id":494,"slug":495,"title":496,"status":6,"nid":497,"year":498,"body":499,"external":20,"topic":500,"language":27,"type":503,"date_published":504,"image":505,"citation":506,"publisher":507,"link_internal":508,"link_external":512,"authors":516,"countries":525,"tags":530,"pdf":533,"topics":534,"featured":20,"languages":535,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":536,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":537,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":538},2402,"when-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic","When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse",2801,2025,"A new peer-reviewed journal article looks into how corruption undermines democracies, with a specific focus on a context of weak governance.\n\n### Abstract\n\nMuch attention on strategic corruption has focused on how corruption can be weaponised to undermine democracy. This article takes a different angle, namely to understand this phenomenon from the perspective of the country that is the “target” of strategic corruption in a context of weak governance. The focus is on Sudan, where, in 2019, the civilian-military government led by Prime Minister Hamdok began an ambitious transition to democratic governance and adopting anti-corruption reforms, but this transition ended in 2023 with state collapse and conflict.\n\nUsing desk research and media analysis, the article explains the key points of contention among key actors and how external actors, through strategic corruption, became part of this story, ultimately helping to perpetuate the negative downward cycle.\n\nCritically, rather than framing countries in the Global South as passive victims of strategic corruption, the analysis shows that political actors are active antagonists and, in their efforts to resist reform, build alliances with external actors who can help them achieve their goals. What is exchanged is access to valuable resources, which fuels corruption and undermines governance.\n\n",[501,502],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[303],"2025-04-29","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5a1b9c44-e361-4428-92ae-3f1c5d75e750?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Karar, H., & Kassa, S. (2025). When You Have Corrupt Friends Abroad: The Impact of Strategic Corruption on Sudan’s Democratic Collapse. *Public Integrity*, 1–14. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\">https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910\u003C\u002Fa>","Public Integrity (Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group)",[509],{"url":510,"caption":511},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fstrategic-corruption-democracy-and-security-in-sudan-2823","Read related blog",[513],{"url":514,"caption":515},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10999922.2025.2494910","View article on publisher website",[517,521],{"authors_id":518},{"id":519,"name":520},303,"Dr Saba Kassa",{"authors_id":522},{"id":523,"name":524},563,"Haytham Karar",[526],{"countries_id":527},{"id":528,"name":529},193,"Sudan",[531],{"tags_id":532},{"id":81,"name":82},[],[452,451],[27],"2025-04-30T10:05:28.000Z","2026-09-03T07:55:40.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwhen-you-have-corrupt-friends-abroad-impact-strategic-corruption-sudans-democratic",{"id":540,"slug":541,"title":542,"status":6,"nid":543,"year":498,"body":544,"external":20,"topic":545,"language":27,"type":546,"date_published":548,"image":549,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":550,"link_external":556,"authors":560,"countries":565,"tags":566,"pdf":581,"topics":583,"featured":15,"languages":584,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":585,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":587,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":588,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":589,"link":590},2393,"qg38","Quick Guide 38: Border corruption",2766,"Border corruption – defined simply as an illegal exchange between border officials and private actors – is a complex phenomenon with serious impacts on safety, health and security. And stopping it isn’t as easy as just stepping up enforcement.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers the what, who and why of border corruption. It is based on deep research for the EU-funded [FALCON project](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Ffalcon-takes-basel-institute-contribute-anti-corruption-expertise-eu-research-project). More such research is needed to help design effective strategies to prevent corruption from undermining border security.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F) Licence. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, [ISSN 2673-5229](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Quick+Guide).",[501,502],[547],"Quick Guide","2025-02-27","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F527d8fca-b273-4fce-aa2f-d58c09b6f41b?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[551,553],{"url":552,"caption":128},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fassets\u002F25e78088-6aad-4655-b1fb-e04933e13e1a\u002FQG38-Border-corruption.pdf",{"url":554,"caption":555},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[557],{"url":558,"caption":559},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=262","View online on LEARN",[561,563],{"authors_id":562},{"id":425,"name":426},{"authors_id":564},{"id":519,"name":520},[],[567,571,575,577],{"tags_id":568},{"id":569,"name":570},859,"Corruption risks",{"tags_id":572},{"id":573,"name":574},967,"Organised crime",{"tags_id":576},{"id":81,"name":82},{"tags_id":578},{"id":579,"name":580},1374,"Law enforcement",[582],2434,[452,451],[27],[586],"Main page","2025-02-27T11:05:31.000Z","2026-09-03T07:56:23.000Z","384e5688-7b62-4481-9fde-d9609f864df1","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg38",{"id":592,"slug":593,"title":594,"status":6,"nid":595,"year":498,"body":596,"external":20,"topic":597,"language":27,"type":598,"date_published":599,"image":600,"citation":123,"publisher":201,"link_internal":601,"link_external":606,"authors":609,"countries":614,"tags":615,"pdf":622,"topics":625,"featured":15,"languages":626,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":183,"date_created":627,"user_updated":50,"date_updated":628,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"link":629},2388,"qg37","Quick Guide 37: Strategic corruption",2757,"This quick guide is the second in a two-part series on the tangible yet under-addressed impacts of [corruption on security](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36) and the complex power dynamics at play.\n\nThis second guide goes deeper into a specific security threat: when states use corruption to gain power and influence over other states and even as a geopolitical tool.\n\nIt looks at common features characterising strategic corruption cases, explores what is *strategic* about it and what this means for governance and security. It highlights the usefulness of “strategic corruption” as an analytical concept, but also urges caution in using it to guide domestic security or foreign policy decisions, or approaches to countering corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0) Licence. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, [ISSN 2673-5229](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Quick+Guide).",[501,502],[547],"2025-02-10","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa55015c6-0d4a-467c-a507-41fff2ecc82f?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[602,605],{"url":603,"caption":604},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36"," View related Quick Guide to corruption and security",{"url":554,"caption":555},[607],{"url":608,"caption":559},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=259",[610,612],{"authors_id":611},{"id":519,"name":520},{"authors_id":613},{"id":352,"name":353},[],[616,618],{"tags_id":617},{"id":81,"name":82},{"tags_id":619},{"id":620,"name":621},1376,"Defence and security",[623,624],2440,2439,[452,451],[27],"2025-02-10T11:05:55.000Z","2026-09-03T10:27:08.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg37",1788951027776]