[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":614},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-confronting-corruption":3,"related-confronting-corruption":132},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":22,"link_external":23,"featured":19,"topics":27,"languages":28,"type":29,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":31,"countries":40,"tags":41,"pdf":97,"authors":98},1964,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:55:30.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:30.000Z",180,"confronting-corruption","Confronting Corruption","Corruption undermines nearly all key legal and developmental priorities today, including the effective functioning of democratic institutions and honest elections; environmental protection; human rights and human security; international development programs; and fair competition for global trade and investment.\n\nThis book chronicles the global anticorruption steps taken since the movement advanced after the end of the Cold War. It provides a realistic assessment of the present state of affairs by critically evaluating what existing anticorruption programs and treaties have accomplished and documenting their shortcomings, while developing an action agenda for the next decade. \n\nThe authors argue that reformative action is imperative, and the forces of globalization and digital communication will level the playing field and erode the secrecy corruption requires. They define corruption, document its effects, discuss the initiatives that changed public perception, analyze the lessons learned, and then evaluate how to move forward with existing initiatives charting a new path with new, differentiated strategies.","Heimann, F., Pieth, M. (2017). Confronting Corruption. Oxford University Press.","English",2017,"Oxford University Press","2017-12-01",false,[21],"Collective Action",[],[24],{"url":25,"caption":26},"https:\u002F\u002Fglobal.oup.com\u002Facademic\u002Fproduct\u002Fconfronting-corruption-9780190458348?cc=us&lang=en&","Order from Oxford University Press",[21],[15],[30],"Book",{"id":32,"storage":33,"filename_disk":34,"filename_download":35,"title":35,"type":36,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":37,"width":10,"height":38,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":39,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"de79377f-9bdf-4241-88dc-49faa41ce538","local","de79377f-9bdf-4241-88dc-49faa41ce538.jpeg","confrontingcorruption.jpeg","image\u002Fjpeg",18479,274,{},[],[42,65,81],{"id":43,"publications_id":44,"tags_id":62},3827,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":47,"link_internal":48,"link_external":49,"featured":19,"topics":51,"languages":52,"type":53,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":54,"tags":55,"pdf":58,"authors":59},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21],[],[50],{"url":25,"caption":26},[21],[15],[30],[],[43,56,57],5034,5035,[],[60,61],2151,2152,{"id":63,"name":64},973,"Corruption",{"id":56,"publications_id":66,"tags_id":78},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":67,"link_internal":68,"link_external":69,"featured":19,"topics":71,"languages":72,"type":73,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":74,"tags":75,"pdf":76,"authors":77},[21],[],[70],{"url":25,"caption":26},[21],[15],[30],[],[43,56,57],[],[60,61],{"id":79,"name":80},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"id":57,"publications_id":82,"tags_id":94},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":83,"link_internal":84,"link_external":85,"featured":19,"topics":87,"languages":88,"type":89,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":90,"tags":91,"pdf":92,"authors":93},[21],[],[86],{"url":25,"caption":26},[21],[15],[30],[],[43,56,57],[],[60,61],{"id":95,"name":96},982,"Anti-corruption",[],[99,115],{"id":60,"publications_id":100,"authors_id":112},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":101,"link_internal":102,"link_external":103,"featured":19,"topics":105,"languages":106,"type":107,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":108,"tags":109,"pdf":110,"authors":111},[21],[],[104],{"url":25,"caption":26},[21],[15],[30],[],[43,56,57],[],[60,61],{"id":113,"name":114,"position":7,"image":7},406,"Fritz Heimann",{"id":61,"publications_id":116,"authors_id":128},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":32,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":117,"link_internal":118,"link_external":119,"featured":19,"topics":121,"languages":122,"type":123,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":124,"tags":125,"pdf":126,"authors":127},[21],[],[120],{"url":25,"caption":26},[21],[15],[30],[],[43,56,57],[],[60,61],{"id":129,"name":130,"position":7,"image":131},302,"Mark Pieth","2f4f2174-a03c-4bd1-9cbc-848efef795c6",[133,206,262,351,397,429,457,492,519,574],{"id":134,"slug":135,"title":136,"status":6,"nid":137,"year":138,"body":139,"external":19,"topic":140,"language":15,"type":142,"date_published":144,"image":145,"citation":146,"publisher":147,"link_internal":148,"link_external":149,"authors":156,"countries":173,"tags":178,"pdf":199,"topics":201,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":202,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":203,"main_points":204,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":205},2433,"addressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition","Addressing conflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia’s energy transition",2936,2026,"This U4 Issue analyses Indonesia's ambitious energy transition and highlights how political finance, weak regulations and a \"revolving door\" of personnel between public office and the private sector create vulnerabilities. The publication was produced by U4 and the Basel Institute on Governance through its Green Corruption programme.\n\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-02\u002FAddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition_U4-Issue.pdf\">Download publication here\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\n### About the paper\n\nConflicts of interest and corruption in Indonesia's political economy pose significant risks to its energy transition, including the Just Energy Transition Partnership. Existing legal and institutional frameworks are fragmented, inconsistently applied, and often fail to address the risk of state capture by powerful political and economic actors, especially in the extractive and energy sectors.\n\nThe reliance on fossil fuel industries for political financing and the monopolistic nature of state-owned entities further complicate the shift to a low- or no-carbon system, despite the country's ambitious renewable energy targets.\n\nPotential pathways to greater anti-corruption resilience lie in improvements to beneficial ownership transparency and strengthening regulation, monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations.\n",[141],"Green Corruption",[143],"Report","2026-02-24","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd97f2ca5-300d-45c9-9de9-33152b72f96c?width=600&height=840","","U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre",[],[150,153],{"url":151,"caption":152},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-of-interest-and-corruption-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," View on U4 website",{"url":154,"caption":155},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fblog\u002Fimproving-anti-corruption-resilience-in-indonesia-s-energy-transition"," Read related U4 blog",[157,161,165,169],{"authors_id":158},{"id":159,"name":160},581,"Robert Forster",{"authors_id":162},{"id":163,"name":164},582,"Aled Williams",{"authors_id":166},{"id":167,"name":168},523,"Lakso Anindito",{"authors_id":170},{"id":171,"name":172},579,"Dr Amanda Cabrejo le Roux",[174],{"countries_id":175},{"id":176,"name":177},99,"Indonesia",[179,181,185,189,193,197],{"tags_id":180},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":182},{"id":183,"name":184},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":186},{"id":187,"name":188},804,"Natural resources",{"tags_id":190},{"id":191,"name":192},1371,"Public governance",{"tags_id":194},{"id":195,"name":196},1236,"Compliance",{"tags_id":198},{"id":63,"name":64},[200],2489,[141],"2026-02-27T15:11:31.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:18.000Z","- Corruption and conflicts of interest are embedded in the energy transition process due to the strong links between political power, private wealth (especially from extractive industries) and public office holders.\n- Existing anti-corruption regulations are often vague, fragmented across different legal instruments, and suffer from inconsistent enforcement, which creates loopholes susceptible to manipulation.\n- Progress in renewable energy uptake is slowed by the enduring influence and interests of fossil fuel incumbents who benefit from subsidies that keep coal an artificially cheap and viable energy source.\n- The Just Energy Transition Partnership is vulnerable to misallocations due to concentrated decision-making power, limited transparency in project selection and insufficient involvement of national anti-corruption bodies and civil society in its planning.\n- Improving transparency of beneficial ownership and strengthening the monitoring and sanctioning of conflict of interest violations are possible pathways to build greater anti-corruption resilience, though these institutional efforts alone are insufficient to fully address state capture dynamics.","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Faddressing-conflicts-interest-and-corruption-indonesias-energy-transition",{"id":207,"slug":208,"title":209,"status":6,"nid":210,"year":211,"body":212,"external":19,"topic":213,"language":15,"type":216,"date_published":218,"image":219,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":221,"link_external":228,"authors":229,"countries":238,"tags":239,"pdf":252,"topics":255,"featured":257,"languages":258,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":259,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":260,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":261},2389,"qg36","Quick Guide 36: Corruption and security",2756,2025,"How does corruption threaten national and international security, both directly and indirectly? Can viewing it through the lens of power offer deeper insights? And what might we achieve by framing corruption as a security concern?\n\nThis quick guide gives a short introduction to this complex issue as part of a two-part series on corruption, security and strategic corruption.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence\u003C\u002Fa>. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type=2428\">ISSN 2673-5229\u003C\u002Fa>.",[214,215],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[217],"Quick Guide","2025-02-09","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7b63372a-9595-47eb-8bb8-88a3df6b9912?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance",[222,225],{"url":223,"caption":224},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg37"," View related Quick Guide to strategic corruption",{"url":226,"caption":227},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[],[230,234],{"authors_id":231},{"id":232,"name":233},559,"Dr Saba Kassa",{"authors_id":235},{"id":236,"name":237},296,"Monica Guy",[],[240,242,246,250],{"tags_id":241},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":243},{"id":244,"name":245},967,"Organised crime",{"tags_id":247},{"id":248,"name":249},1376,"Defence and security",{"tags_id":251},{"id":63,"name":64},[253,254],2429,2430,[256],"Prevention Research and Innovation",true,[15],"2025-02-10T11:05:56.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:51.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fqg36",{"id":263,"slug":264,"title":265,"status":6,"nid":266,"year":211,"body":267,"external":19,"topic":268,"language":15,"type":269,"date_published":270,"image":271,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":272,"link_external":273,"authors":310,"countries":319,"tags":320,"pdf":328,"topics":338,"featured":19,"languages":339,"summary":340,"programme":341,"area":343,"websites":345,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":347,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":348,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":349,"link":350},2407,"collective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity","Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity",2824,"At its core, Collective Action is a simple yet powerful concept: tackling corruption challenges together, rather than alone. Over the past two decades, anti-corruption Collective Action has grown from a niche idea to a recognised approach embedded in international standards, national strategies and corporate practices.\n\nThis book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.\n\nDrawing on real-life examples, policy milestones and practical experiences from the Basel Institute on Governance and its partners, *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity *presents how diverse actors have been working together to tackle corruption in complex environments.\n\n\n- **Part 1: Advancing the knowledge base** – presents the analytical tools and conceptual models that help us make sense of Collective Action in practice.\n- **Part 2: Mainstreaming Collective Action as a norm** – illustrates the growing recognition of Collective Action in international standards and policy frameworks. It also showcases the Institute’s International Collective Action Conference series and the Collective Action Awards.\n- **Part 3: Providing hands-on support** – focuses on the Basel Institute’s direct support to Collective Action practitioners and highlights the importance of peer learning.\n\n\n\n\n\n*Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity *was developed and published by the Basel Institute on Governance, with support from the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\n### About this publication\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: collective-action.com\n\nSuggested citation: Hocq, Nicolas, and Vanessa Hans. 2025. *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity. Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance*. Basel: Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nISBNs are as follows:\n\n\n- PDF: 978-3-9526182-0-2\n- Paperback (forthcoming): 978-3-9526182-1-9\n\n### Download or view online\nScroll down for links to download the book or specific chapters, or flick through online below:",[21],[30],"2025-06-30","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0dd71cde-39e7-4161-a90f-c7b90ebc2415?width=600&height=840",[],[274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,307],{"url":275,"caption":276},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fenrol\u002Findex.php?id=168"," eLearning course: Collective Action Against Corruption",{"url":278,"caption":279},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Visit the B20 Collective Action Hub",{"url":281,"caption":282},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.co.uk\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.co.uk",{"url":284,"caption":285},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.com\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.com",{"url":287,"caption":288},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.ca\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.ca",{"url":290,"caption":291},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.de\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.de",{"url":293,"caption":294},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.fr\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.fr",{"url":296,"caption":297},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.es\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.es",{"url":299,"caption":300},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.it\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.it",{"url":302,"caption":303},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.nl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.nl",{"url":305,"caption":306},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.pl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.pl",{"url":308,"caption":309},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.se\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.se",[311,315],{"authors_id":312},{"id":313,"name":314},298,"Vanessa Hans",{"authors_id":316},{"id":317,"name":318},565,"Nicolas Hocq",[],[321,323,325],{"tags_id":322},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":324},{"id":195,"name":196},{"tags_id":326},{"id":327,"name":21},909,[329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337],2458,2459,2460,2461,2462,2463,2464,2465,2466,[21],[15],"This book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.",[342],"Private Sector",[344],"Business Integrity & Governance",[21,346],"Main page","2025-07-03T09:59:40.000Z","2026-06-02T14:16:21.000Z","Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcollective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity",{"id":352,"slug":353,"title":354,"status":6,"nid":355,"year":211,"body":356,"external":19,"topic":357,"language":15,"type":358,"date_published":360,"image":361,"citation":362,"publisher":220,"link_internal":363,"link_external":367,"authors":368,"countries":377,"tags":378,"pdf":389,"topics":392,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":393,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":394,"main_points":7,"short_version":395,"subtitle":7,"link":396},2425,"wp-60","Working Paper 60: Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives",2867,"Corruption is not simply about individual misconduct. It is a networked phenomenon that arises from entrenched social, economic and political interactions. It is orchestrated through coordination between groups and clusters of individuals.\n\nThis Working Paper explores the networked nature of corruption and the opportunities this presents for anti-corruption efforts. The aim is to understand how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks helps to understand the persistence and resilience of corruption, while opening up new anti-corruption perspectives.\n\nA meta-analysis of findings from more than 15 years of research on informal networks and corruption underpins the conceptualisation of corrupt networks. The paper argues that a focus on networks helps to shed light on the functionality of corruption – from petty bribery to large-scale public procurement fraud – and the underlying social norms that enable it.\n\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal networks associated with corruption and applying the network logic to anti-corruption strategies can help to achieve better outcomes. The paper specifically looks at anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives, suggesting that these should emulate positive aspects of informal networks.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n",[21,214,215],[359],"Working Paper","2025-11-04","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F3fc6640b-79d3-481c-a74c-fc1979923c1b?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Jacopo Costa. 2025. 'Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anticorruption Collective Action initiatives.'Working Paper 60, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\u003C\u002Fa>.",[364],{"url":365,"caption":366},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[369,373],{"authors_id":370},{"id":371,"name":372},572,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":374},{"id":375,"name":376},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",[],[379,381,383,387],{"tags_id":380},{"id":327,"name":21},{"tags_id":382},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":384},{"id":385,"name":386},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":388},{"id":244,"name":245},[390,391],2480,2481,[21,256],"2025-11-04T17:05:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z","This Working Paper reflects on the networked nature of corruption and the\nlessons that can be learned from studying it. Particularly, it provides insights into\nthe opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing anti-corruption\nCollective Action initiatives.\n\nThe authors consider corruption not as a series of isolated acts by individuals,\nbut as the outcome of complex, resilient informal networks embedded within\nsocio-political, economic and cultural structures. Within this framework, they\ninvestigate how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks can\nimprove our understanding of the persistence of corruption and create new\nperspectives to promote better anti-corruption outcomes and impacts.\n\nDrawing on over 15 years of empirical research across diverse countries and\nregions, the authors argue that corruption must be viewed through a network\nlens. This approach reveals how informal connections facilitate rule subversion,\nproblem-solving and goal achievement where formal institutions are weak or\nineffective.\n\nThe paper contends that a focus on networks sheds light on the functionality\nof corruption and the underlying social norms enabling corrupt exchanges.\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal\nnetworks associated with corruption can help design better anti-corruption\ninitiatives.\n\nThe Working Paper contributes to the existing literature on corruption strategies\nand anti-corruption activities.\n\n**First**, the authors explore how **informal networks rooted in trust, reciprocity\nand social norms can serve practical functions**, including accessing public\nservices, boosting business profitability and winning elections. The strength\nof informal networks lies in their adaptability, internal organisation and\nembeddedness in local cultures.\n\nThe authors identify **six core roles in informal networks** that pursue corrupt\nobjectives: seekers, doers, brokers, facilitators, intermediaries and instigators.\nThe coordination and division of tasks among these six roles make such informal\nnetworks effective in achieving their goals.\n\nIn addition, the authors unpack **the most important strategies these corrupt\ninformal networks rely on** for their functioning. These strategies are:\n\n- co-optation (recruitment and trust building);\n- control (discipline and compliance);\n- camouflage (concealment and legitimacy); and\n- coordination (task orchestration and adaptability).\n\n**Second**, the authors set out **concrete implications for anti-corruption\nactivities** based on insights on how informal networks operate. They state that\ntraditional top-down, normative approaches often fail due to the functionality\nof corruption (i.e., corruption is always a means to an end) and the social\nembeddedness of corrupt networks.\n\nThe authors propose to apply the network logic to anti-corruption strategies. This\npaper particularly focuses on **Collective Action initiatives** and suggests that\nthese should emulate positive aspects of informal networks. Collective Action\nrefers to collaborative efforts – typically involving businesses, civil society and\u002For\npublic institutions – to tackle corruption risks and shared integrity challenges that\nno single actor can resolve alone.\n\nThis means that, to be effective, these Collective Action initiatives must be\nbased on:\n\n- **Functional goals:** Set short-term, tangible goals aligned with participants’ interests.\n- **Strategic co-optation:** Recruit key stakeholders strategically, including those who are prone to corruption risks, by using trust-building mechanisms that can supply an added value to the stakeholders.\n- **Transparency and accountability:** Leverage mechanisms of peer pressure and reputation management that can ensure sustained commitment and engagement among participants and deter free-riding strategies.\n\nIn conclusion, to foster integrity in today’s fragmented and conflict-prone world,\nanti-corruption initiatives generally must shift from targeting individuals to\ntargeting the networks that sustain corruption. Sustainable change requires\nlocally rooted, trust-based collective efforts that provide functional, credible and\ncoordinated alternatives to illicit networks.\n\nIn this sense, Collective Action initiatives built on conceptualising corruption\nas a networked problem can be an effective solution for achieving\nanti-corruption goals","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60",{"id":398,"slug":399,"title":400,"status":6,"nid":401,"year":211,"body":402,"external":19,"topic":403,"language":15,"type":404,"date_published":405,"image":406,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":407,"link_external":408,"authors":412,"countries":417,"tags":418,"pdf":423,"topics":425,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":426,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":427,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":428},2418,"anti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024","Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024",2845,"This report analyses the approaches of the previous five B20 presidencies to addressing anti-corruption Collective Action. It captures lessons learned and provides recommendations for future B20\u002FG20 cycles. It is primarily intended for upcoming B20\u002FG20 presidencies, B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members and organisations engaging with the B20\u002FG20.\n\n### About this report\n\nYou may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nSuggested citation: Scarlet Wannenwetsch. 2025. 'Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024.' Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThe report was funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[21,342],[143],"2025-08-29","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7f5abe00-7eca-48f7-a600-067f05b7871a?width=600&height=840",[],[409],{"url":410,"caption":411},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F1820"," Read related baseline report",[413],{"authors_id":414},{"id":415,"name":416},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch",[],[419,421],{"tags_id":420},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":422},{"id":327,"name":21},[424],2475,[21,342],"2025-09-08T21:17:14.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:11.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fanti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024",{"id":430,"slug":431,"title":432,"status":6,"nid":433,"year":211,"body":434,"external":19,"topic":435,"language":15,"type":436,"date_published":437,"image":438,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":439,"link_external":441,"authors":442,"countries":445,"tags":446,"pdf":451,"topics":453,"featured":19,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":454,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":455,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":456},2397,"wp-56","Working Paper 56: Anti-corruption Collective Action: A typology for a new era",2787,"Since its first use by the World Bank in 2008, the concept of \"anti-corruption Collective Action\" has evolved into a well-established best practice to prevent corruption and strengthen business integrity.\n\nThis paper captures the specific characteristics of anti-corruption Collective Action that have emerged over time and translates them into an easy-to-grasp typology that reflects both the variety and unifying principles that make up the Collective Action ecosystem. It aims to:\n\n\n- spark new impetus for engagement;\n- open the concept to new stakeholders, topics and environments; and\n- support existing initiatives in developing their long-term visions and aims.\n\n\nIn addition to supporting practitioners, updating the typology will also help strengthen the case for Collective Action as a normative corruption prevention practice.\n\n### About this report\n\nThe paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\nSuggested citation: Wannenwetsch, Scarlet. 2025. ‘Anti-corruption Collective Action: A typology for a new era.’ Working Paper 56, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-56.",[21],[359],"2025-03-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff85696db-c15c-4ab1-becb-82429bfcbec8?width=600&height=840",[440],{"url":365,"caption":366},[],[443],{"authors_id":444},{"id":415,"name":416},[],[447,449],{"tags_id":448},{"id":327,"name":21},{"tags_id":450},{"id":95,"name":96},[452],2444,[21],"2025-03-26T17:05:23.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:52.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-56",{"id":458,"slug":459,"title":460,"status":6,"nid":461,"year":462,"body":463,"external":19,"topic":464,"language":15,"type":465,"date_published":466,"image":467,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":468,"link_external":469,"authors":473,"countries":474,"tags":475,"pdf":484,"topics":486,"featured":19,"languages":488,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":489,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":490,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":491},2377,"putting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action","Putting business integrity on the global agenda: Report from the 5th International Collective Action Conference",2725,2024,"The 5th International Collective Action Conference represented another significant milestone in the development of responsible and ethical business practices through anti-corruption Collective Action. \n\nThe conference, hosted by the Basel Institute with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative, took place on 24 and 25 June 2024 in Basel, Switzerland. This short conference report presents main insights, quotes as well as infographics and graphic recordings from the two-day event, which welcomed around 200 people from around the world and across all sectors.\n\nA key theme of this year’s conference was the importance of building local, regional and international communities of practice. These communities bring together different constellations of people and organisations interested in the Collective Action approach to improve skills, develop joint solutions and advance knowledge about how to make initiatives effective in different contexts. \n\nFive panel discussions, three interactive breakout sessions and multiple networking opportunities, including an exhibition, offered many occasions for sharing experiences and best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action and breaking down silos.\n\n### About this report and acknowledgements\n\nThe Basel Institute on Governance thanks the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting and providing funding for the conference’s 5th edition, as well as all speakers and breakout session facilitating organisations. The full list of presenters and sessions can be found on conference pages of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002Fagenda\">B20 Collective Action Hub\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nGraphic recording illustrations: Tetyana Kalyuzhna, Basel Institute on Governance.\nPhoto and video credit: David Borter, LEO MEDIA GmbH \u002F BBM PRODUCTIONS AG.\n\nThe report is free to share or republish under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\">https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u003C\u002Fa>.",[21,342],[143],"2024-11-28","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F02044130-66da-43f7-8ee2-ef45cc33cc96?width=600&height=840",[],[470],{"url":471,"caption":472},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002F"," See Conference web page",[],[],[476,478,482],{"tags_id":477},{"id":327,"name":21},{"tags_id":479},{"id":480,"name":481},830,"Business integrity",{"tags_id":483},{"id":95,"name":96},[485],2415,[21,342,487],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[15],"2024-12-05T14:06:46.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:53.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fputting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action",{"id":493,"slug":494,"title":495,"status":6,"nid":496,"year":497,"body":498,"external":19,"topic":499,"language":15,"type":500,"date_published":502,"image":503,"citation":146,"publisher":504,"link_internal":505,"link_external":506,"authors":507,"countries":508,"tags":509,"pdf":512,"topics":514,"featured":19,"languages":515,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":516,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":517,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":518},2259,"compliance-progress-sensemaking-perspective-governance-corruption","From Compliance to Progress: A Sensemaking Perspective on the Governance of Corruption",2344,2023,"The authors of this academic paper discuss how attitudes to preventing and tackling corruption are different between cultures, and have also changed over time within them, focusing on the East (Asia) and the West (Western Europe & North America). This is particularly important for multi-national companies to consider when developing compliance programmes. \n\nThey look at two challenges organisations face in implementing anti-corruption policies: policy-practice decoupling, which is the difference between what a formal policy says should happen and what actually happens, and means-end de-coupling, which is when the implementation of a policy does not lead to its envisaged goals. \n\nThey argue that ever-evolving cultural beliefs, judgements and practices are key to determining how people interpret and act in the governance of corruption, but that \"ongoing interactive communication\" can help bring people together to close the de-coupling gaps.\n\nIn other words, acting collectively - either within or between organisations - can be a key way for companies to effectively implement anti-corruption programmes.",[21],[501],"Article","2023-01-24","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fbe7b463e-1edd-4b0a-a18c-ec57c466d4c2?width=600&height=840","Organization Science",[],[],[],[],[510],{"tags_id":511},{"id":95,"name":96},[513],2301,[21],[15],"2023-01-24T17:04:17.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:43.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcompliance-progress-sensemaking-perspective-governance-corruption",{"id":520,"slug":521,"title":522,"status":6,"nid":523,"year":524,"body":525,"external":19,"topic":526,"language":528,"type":529,"date_published":531,"image":532,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":533,"link_external":537,"authors":538,"countries":543,"tags":557,"pdf":564,"topics":567,"featured":19,"languages":569,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":571,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":572,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":573},2241,"pb11","Policy Brief 11: Fighting corruption in West African coastal states: how Collective Action can help",2309,2022,"Africa is estimated to lose an unbelievable USD 88.6 billion (3.7% of Africa’s GDP) each year to illicit financial flows, of which corruption is a major component. Rooting out corruption is a collective effort, and the private sector has a major role to play in laying down the foundations for clean business environments and sustainable development.\n\nThat is why anti-corruption Collective Action  has got so much to offer Africa, and in particular West African coastal states keen to maximise their clear economic potential. As the spectrum of Collective Action initiatives is quite large, it allows for innovative measures where governments, companies and civil society organisations (CSOs) can join forces toward a common objective, despite their different perspectives. This collaborative approach therefore provides a fertile ground for constructive dialogue between like-minded stakeholders, as well as an opportunity to understand the private sector’s language and reality. \n\nCSOs have an important part to play in bringing Collective Action to the fight against corruption in West Africa. They must continue to initiate, facilitate and engage in Collective Action initiatives to help raise awareness and build bridges. Their presence can bring credibility, independent oversight and accountability to the initiatives.\n\nThis Policy Brief is based on conversations held with CSOs based in Benin (Social Watch Benin), Ghana (Ghana Integrity Initiative), Ivory Coast (Ivorian Youth Leaders’ Network) and Togo (The Togolese National Agency for Consumers and the Environment). It aims to capture their experiences, challenges and outlook on what the future for Collective Action could hold in the region.\n\nDespite their different backgrounds, they are united on one point: fighting corruption collectively by raising the voice of the private sector is an important step to pave the way for sustainable economic growth.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>, and supports the Basel Institute's work on anti-corruption \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F\">Collective Action\u003C\u002Fa> with funding from the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Suggested citation: Young, Liza. 2022. “Fighting corruption in West African coastal states: how Collective Action can help.” Policy Brief 11, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-11\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpb-11\u003C\u002Fa>.",[527,21],"Asset Recovery","English, French",[530],"Policy Brief","2022-11-15","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F6abf2611-ae87-40fa-a2fa-710aecc515b5?width=600&height=840",[534],{"url":535,"caption":536},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[539],{"authors_id":540},{"id":541,"name":542},514,"Liza Young",[544,548,552,553],{"countries_id":545},{"id":546,"name":547},212,"Togo",{"countries_id":549},{"id":550,"name":551},25,"Benin",{"countries_id":7},{"countries_id":554},{"id":555,"name":556},79,"Ghana",[558,560],{"tags_id":559},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":561},{"id":562,"name":563},1375,"Civil society",[565,566],2282,2283,[568,21],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15,570],"French","2022-11-15T17:04:01.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:02.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb11",{"id":575,"slug":576,"title":577,"status":6,"nid":578,"year":524,"body":579,"external":19,"topic":580,"language":528,"type":581,"date_published":531,"image":582,"citation":146,"publisher":220,"link_internal":583,"link_external":588,"authors":589,"countries":592,"tags":600,"pdf":607,"topics":609,"featured":19,"languages":610,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":611,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":612,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":613},2242,"pb11-fr","Policy Brief 11: Lutte contre la corruption dans les États côtiers d’Afrique de l’Ouest : comment l’Action Collective peut aider",2310,"Chaque année, les flux financiers illicites, dont la corruption est une composante majeure, font perdre environ 88,6 milliards de dollars (3,7 % de son PIB) à l'Afrique. La lutte contre ce fléau est un effort collectif et le secteur privé a un rôle majeur à jouer dans la promotion d'un environnement économique prospère et d’un développement durable du continent.\n\nC'est pourquoi l'Action Collective  contre la corruption a tant à offrir à l'Afrique, et en particulier aux États côtiers d'Afrique de l'Ouest désireux de maximiser leur potentiel économique. Le spectre des initiatives d'Action Collective étant assez large, il permet des mesures innovantes où gouvernements, entreprises et organisations de la société civile (OSC) unissent leurs forces, malgré des intérêts parfois divergents. Cette approche collaborative constitue à la fois un terrain fertile pour un dialogue constructif, et une occasion de mieux comprendre les réalités du secteur privé. \n\nLes OSC ont également un rôle important à jouer dans la promotion de l’Action Collective en Afrique de l'Ouest. Elles doivent continuer à initier, faciliter et s'engager dans des initiatives d'Action Collective pour aider à sensibiliser et construire des ponts entre différentes parties prenantes. Leur présence apporte souvent transparence et crédibilité aux initiatives.\nLes résultats présentés dans ce Policy Brief sont issus d’échanges avec des OSC basées au Bénin (Social Watch Bénin), au Ghana (Ghana Integrity Initiative), en Côte d'Ivoire (Le Réseau des jeunes leaders pour l’intégrité) et au Togo (L’Alliance nationale des consommateurs et de l’environnement). Il vise à relater les défis et les opportunités que représente l'Action Collective dans la région. \n\nMalgré les différents contextes dans lesquels elles opèrent, ces organisations sont unies sur un point : lutter collectivement contre la corruption en faisant entendre la voix du secteur privé – élément crucial pour une croissance économique durable. \n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nCette publication fait partie de la série des *Policy Briefs* du Basel Institute on Governance, ISSN 2624-9669. Elle est publiée sous licence *Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International* (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nCitation suggérée : Young, L. 2022. « Corruption dans les États côtiers d'Afrique de l'Ouest : comment l'Action Collective peut aider ». Policy Brief 11, *Basel Institute on Governance*. Disponible sur : baselgovernance.org\u002Fpb11.\n\nLe *Policy Brief* est publié par l'équipe Secteur privé du Basel Institute on Governance. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre des efforts continus de l'équipe pour développer et promouvoir l'Action Collective anti-corruption, avec le soutien de la Siemens Integrity Initiative. ",[21],[530],"https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa592f36b-6956-4804-8ddb-713c29a75cf2?width=600&height=840",[584,586],{"url":573,"caption":585}," Version anglaise",{"url":535,"caption":587}," Voir tous les Policy Briefs",[],[590],{"authors_id":591},{"id":541,"name":542},[593,595,597,598],{"countries_id":594},{"id":546,"name":547},{"countries_id":596},{"id":550,"name":551},{"countries_id":7},{"countries_id":599},{"id":555,"name":556},[601,603,605],{"tags_id":602},{"id":95,"name":96},{"tags_id":604},{"id":480,"name":481},{"tags_id":606},{"id":327,"name":21},[608],2284,[21],[15,570],"2022-11-16T11:04:05.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:03.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb11-fr",1780676579769]