[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":523},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-business-integrity-in-motion-6th-international-ca-conference-report":3,"publication-business-integrity-in-motion-6th-international-ca-conference-report-editions":58,"author-links-business-integrity-in-motion-6th-international-ca-conference-report":59,"related-business-integrity-in-motion-6th-international-ca-conference-report":60},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":8,"date_created":9,"user_updated":8,"date_updated":10,"nid":7,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":7,"language":7,"year":7,"publisher":14,"date_published":15,"external":16,"topic":7,"link_internal":7,"link_external":17,"featured":16,"topics":21,"languages":24,"type":26,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":28,"summary":30,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":31,"tags":32,"pdf":44,"authors":52,"translations_publications":53,"image":54,"og_image":56},2466,"published",null,"d22c72aa-896a-43ce-acca-4154ff70a25a","2026-09-23T09:01:44.000Z","2026-09-23T09:05:24.000Z","business-integrity-in-motion-6th-international-ca-conference-report","Business integrity in motion: Report from the 6th International Collective Action Conference","The 6th International Collective Action Conference (ICAC 2026) took place on 9–10 June 2026 in Basel, Switzerland. It was hosted by the Basel Institute on Governance under the motto \"Business integrity in motion\". This short report summarises the conference highlights.\n\nThe conference's 6th edition brought together around 150 participants from business, civil society, government and academia to explore how Collective Action can help address complex business integrity challenges in an increasingly uncertain global environment.\n\nOver one and a half days, participants shared practical experiences, lessons learned and emerging approaches to collaboration across sectors and stakeholder groups. The programme featured plenary discussions, interactive sessions and peer exchange opportunities covering a wide range of topics, including supply chain integrity, SME engagement, the role of boards, digitalisation and the link between corruption and human rights.\n\nA highlight of the conference was the presentation of the International Collective Action Awards 2026, celebrating outstanding contributions to advancing Collective Action and business integrity.\n\nThe conference reinforced a central theme that resonated throughout the discussions: trust is both a prerequisite for effective collaboration and one of its most valuable outcomes.\n\n## About this report and acknowledgements\n\nThe report is free to share or republish under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en)).\n\nPhoto by Masi Kaddour\u002FPandeo.\n\nThe Basel Institute on Governance thanks the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting the conference’s 6th edition, as well as the conference sponsors AtkinsRéalis and Koenig & Bauer Banknote Solutions SA.\n\nThe full list of presenters and sessions can be found on the conference pages of the [B20 Collective Action Hub](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2026).\n","Basel Institute on Governance","2026-09-23",false,[18],{"url":19,"caption":20},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2026","Conference page on the B20 Collective Action Hub",[22,23],"Collective Action","Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[25],"English",[27],"Report",[29,22],"Main page","The 6th International Collective Action Conference (ICAC 2026) took place on 9–10 June 2026 in Basel, Switzerland. The conference brought together participants across sectors to explore how Collective Action can help address complex business integrity challenges in an increasingly uncertain global environment. The conference report presents the highlights.",[],[33,36,40],{"tags_id":34},{"id":35,"name":22},909,{"tags_id":37},{"id":38,"name":39},830,"Business integrity",{"tags_id":41},{"id":42,"name":43},982,"Anti-corruption",[45],{"directus_files_id":46},{"id":47,"filename_download":48,"title":49,"description":50,"modified_on":9,"uploaded_on":51},"33063f5e-b8aa-4178-a048-34b55fb7cf64","6th-International-CA-Conference-2026_report.pdf","6th International Collective Action Conference 2026 - Conference report","Conference report: 6th International Collective Action Conference 2026","2026-09-23T08:56:28.000Z",[],[],{"id":55},"2daa38c0-cce2-42b0-b06f-7785b0da3937",{"id":57},"fe722d24-f978-4585-9d5f-b5cfe7b65216",[],{},[61,99,192,231,267,303,356,402,428,478],{"id":62,"slug":63,"title":64,"status":6,"nid":65,"year":66,"body":67,"external":16,"topic":68,"language":70,"type":71,"date_published":72,"image":73,"citation":74,"publisher":14,"link_internal":75,"link_external":76,"authors":80,"countries":81,"tags":82,"pdf":89,"topics":91,"featured":16,"languages":92,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":94,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":96,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":97,"link":98},2377,"putting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action","Putting business integrity on the global agenda: Report from the 5th International Collective Action Conference",2725,2024,"The 5th International Collective Action Conference represented another significant milestone in the development of responsible and ethical business practices through anti-corruption Collective Action. \n\nThe conference, hosted by the Basel Institute with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative, took place on 24 and 25 June 2024 in Basel, Switzerland. This short conference report presents main insights, quotes as well as infographics and graphic recordings from the two-day event, which welcomed around 200 people from around the world and across all sectors.\n\nA key theme of this year’s conference was the importance of building local, regional and international communities of practice. These communities bring together different constellations of people and organisations interested in the Collective Action approach to improve skills, develop joint solutions and advance knowledge about how to make initiatives effective in different contexts. \n\nFive panel discussions, three interactive breakout sessions and multiple networking opportunities, including an exhibition, offered many occasions for sharing experiences and best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action and breaking down silos.\n\n### About this report and acknowledgements\n\nThe Basel Institute on Governance thanks the Siemens Integrity Initiative for supporting and providing funding for the conference’s 5th edition, as well as all speakers and breakout session facilitating organisations. The full list of presenters and sessions can be found on conference pages of the [B20 Collective Action Hub](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002Fagenda).\n\nGraphic recording illustrations: Tetyana Kalyuzhna, Basel Institute on Governance.\nPhoto and video credit: David Borter, LEO MEDIA GmbH \u002F BBM PRODUCTIONS AG.\n\nThe report is free to share or republish under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en)). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: [https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com).",[22,69],"Private Sector","en",[27],"2024-11-28","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F02044130-66da-43f7-8ee2-ef45cc33cc96?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","",[],[77],{"url":78,"caption":79},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024\u002F"," See Conference web page",[],[],[83,85,87],{"tags_id":84},{"id":35,"name":22},{"tags_id":86},{"id":38,"name":39},{"tags_id":88},{"id":42,"name":43},[90],2415,[22,23],[25],"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","2024-12-05T14:06:46.000Z","dfef11db-1bc6-47e9-a61d-93443995484b","2026-09-10T09:04:44.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fputting-business-integrity-global-agenda-report-5th-international-collective-action",{"id":100,"slug":101,"title":102,"status":6,"nid":103,"year":104,"body":105,"external":16,"topic":106,"language":70,"type":107,"date_published":109,"image":110,"citation":111,"publisher":14,"link_internal":112,"link_external":113,"authors":150,"countries":159,"tags":160,"pdf":171,"topics":180,"featured":16,"languages":181,"summary":182,"programme":183,"area":184,"websites":186,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":187,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":188,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":189,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":190,"link":191},2407,"collective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity","Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity",2824,2025,"At its core, Collective Action is a simple yet powerful concept: tackling corruption challenges together, rather than alone. Over the past two decades, anti-corruption Collective Action has grown from a niche idea to a recognised approach embedded in international standards, national strategies and corporate practices.\n\nThis book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.\n\nDrawing on real-life examples, policy milestones and practical experiences from the Basel Institute on Governance and its partners, *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity* presents how diverse actors have been working together to tackle corruption in complex environments.\n\n- **Part 1: Advancing the knowledge base** – presents the analytical tools and conceptual models that help us make sense of Collective Action in practice.\n- **Part 2: Mainstreaming Collective Action as a norm** – illustrates the growing recognition of Collective Action in international standards and policy frameworks. It also showcases the Institute’s International Collective Action Conference series and the Collective Action Awards.\n- **Part 3: Providing hands-on support** – focuses on the Basel Institute’s direct support to Collective Action practitioners and highlights the importance of peer learning.\n\n*Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity* was developed and published by the Basel Institute on Governance, with support from the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\n## About this publication\n\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and link to: collective-action.com\n\nISBNs are as follows:\n\n- PDF: 978-3-9526182-0-2\n- Paperback (forthcoming): 978-3-9526182-1-9\n",[22],[108],"Book","2025-06-30","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0dd71cde-39e7-4161-a90f-c7b90ebc2415?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Hocq, Nicolas, and Vanessa Hans. 2025. *Collective Action in practice: a game-changer for business integrity. Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance*. Basel: Basel Institute on Governance.",[],[114,117,120,123,126,129,132,135,138,141,144,147],{"url":115,"caption":116},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fenrol\u002Findex.php?id=168"," eLearning course: Collective Action Against Corruption",{"url":118,"caption":119},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Visit the B20 Collective Action Hub",{"url":121,"caption":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.co.uk\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.co.uk",{"url":124,"caption":125},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.com\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.com",{"url":127,"caption":128},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.ca\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.ca",{"url":130,"caption":131},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.de\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.de",{"url":133,"caption":134},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.fr\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.fr",{"url":136,"caption":137},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.es\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.es",{"url":139,"caption":140},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.it\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.it",{"url":142,"caption":143},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.nl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.nl",{"url":145,"caption":146},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.pl\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.pl",{"url":148,"caption":149},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.amazon.se\u002Fdp\u002F3952618217","Amazon.se",[151,155],{"authors_id":152},{"id":153,"name":154},298,"Vanessa Hans",{"authors_id":156},{"id":157,"name":158},565,"Nicolas Hocq",[],[161,163,167,169],{"tags_id":162},{"id":42,"name":43},{"tags_id":164},{"id":165,"name":166},1236,"Compliance",{"tags_id":168},{"id":35,"name":22},{"tags_id":170},{"id":38,"name":39},[172,173,174,175,176,177,178,5,179],2461,2460,2459,2458,2462,2463,2464,2465,[22,23],[25],"This book offers a comprehensive reflection on that journey and explores the growing impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on promoting business integrity around the world. It aims to capture the living ecosystem of Collective Action as it exists today, its foundations, its progress and the possibilities it continues to offer for the future.",[69],[185],"Business Integrity & Governance",[22,29],"2025-07-03T09:59:40.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:49.000Z","Stories, evidence and inspiration from the Basel Institute on Governance",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcollective-action-practice-game-changer-business-integrity",{"id":193,"slug":194,"title":195,"status":6,"nid":196,"year":104,"body":197,"external":16,"topic":198,"language":70,"type":199,"date_published":200,"image":201,"citation":202,"publisher":14,"link_internal":203,"link_external":207,"authors":211,"countries":216,"tags":217,"pdf":222,"topics":224,"featured":16,"languages":225,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":226,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":227,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":228,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":229,"link":230},2418,"anti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024","Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024",2845,"This report analyses the approaches of the previous five B20 presidencies to addressing anti-corruption Collective Action. It captures lessons learned and provides recommendations for future B20\u002FG20 cycles. It is primarily intended for upcoming B20\u002FG20 presidencies, B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members and organisations engaging with the B20\u002FG20.\n\n### About this report\n\nYou may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en) licence.\n\nThe report was funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[22,69],[27],"2025-08-29","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7f5abe00-7eca-48f7-a600-067f05b7871a?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Scarlet Wannenwetsch. 2025. 'Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024.' Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fanti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024\u002F",[204],{"url":205,"caption":206},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F23052fa1-63b7-4579-bc7c-e3e44900b648\u002F202508-B20-CA-report-2020-2024-1.pdf?v=20250908211714000","Download PDF",[208],{"url":209,"caption":210},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F1820"," Read related baseline report",[212],{"authors_id":213},{"id":214,"name":215},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch",[],[218,220],{"tags_id":219},{"id":42,"name":43},{"tags_id":221},{"id":35,"name":22},[223],2475,[22,23],[25],[29,22],"2025-09-08T21:17:14.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:51.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fanti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024",{"id":232,"slug":233,"title":234,"status":6,"nid":235,"year":104,"body":236,"external":16,"topic":237,"language":70,"type":238,"date_published":239,"image":240,"citation":241,"publisher":242,"link_internal":243,"link_external":247,"authors":251,"countries":252,"tags":253,"pdf":260,"topics":261,"featured":16,"languages":262,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":263,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":264,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":265,"link":266},2404,"companies-assessments-anti-corruption-compliance","Companies’ assessments of anti-corruption compliance",2814,"In the last decade, companies around the globe have significantly invested in the development of anti-corruption compliance programmes. Assessing the effectiveness of these programmes has proven challenging and requires that companies go beyond a box-checking approach, set clear objectives, measure progress and impact and foster a culture of integrity.\n\nThis paper published by the OECD aims to support companies in their assessment efforts by taking stock of methodologies and tools − such as key performance indicators, culture surveys, data analytics, audits and peer learning − that companies use to assess and enhance the effectiveness of their anti-corruption programmes.\n\nDrawing on desk research and data collected by the OECD and the Basel Institute on Governance including in months of consultations with the private sector, this paper contributes to promoting strong anti-corruption norms and standards within the public and private sector.",[22,69],[27],"2025-03-25","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb6411703-5835-482b-94c9-8a0c50e97a03?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","OECD (2025), Companies’ assessments of anti-corruption compliance, OECD Publishing, Paris, https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1787\u002F977ed5a8-en.","OECD",[244],{"url":245,"caption":246},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fwhy-ethical-business-and-behaviour-are-key-to-resilience-in-volatile-times-2808"," Read our related blog",[248],{"url":249,"caption":250},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.oecd.org\u002Fen\u002Fpublications\u002Fcompanies-assessments-of-anti-corruption-compliance_977ed5a8-en.html","View report on OECD website",[],[],[254,256,258],{"tags_id":255},{"id":42,"name":43},{"tags_id":257},{"id":165,"name":166},{"tags_id":259},{"id":38,"name":39},[],[22,23],[25],"2025-06-03T16:05:34.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:48.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcompanies-assessments-anti-corruption-compliance",{"id":268,"slug":269,"title":270,"status":6,"nid":271,"year":104,"body":272,"external":16,"topic":273,"language":70,"type":274,"date_published":276,"image":277,"citation":278,"publisher":14,"link_internal":279,"link_external":283,"authors":284,"countries":287,"tags":288,"pdf":293,"topics":296,"featured":16,"languages":297,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":298,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":299,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":300,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":301,"link":302},2397,"wp-56","Working Paper 56: Anti-corruption Collective Action: A typology for a new era",2787,"Since its first use by the World Bank in 2008, the concept of \"anti-corruption Collective Action\" has evolved into a well-established best practice to prevent corruption and strengthen business integrity.\n\nThis paper captures the specific characteristics of anti-corruption Collective Action that have emerged over time and translates them into an easy-to-grasp typology that reflects both the variety and unifying principles that make up the Collective Action ecosystem. It aims to:\n\n\n- spark new impetus for engagement;\n- open the concept to new stakeholders, topics and environments; and\n- support existing initiatives in developing their long-term visions and aims.\n\n\nIn addition to supporting practitioners, updating the typology will also help strengthen the case for Collective Action as a normative corruption prevention practice.\n\n### About this report\n\nThe paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https:\u002F\u002Feterna.unibas.ch\u002F) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2025.56.39](https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2025.56.39).\n\nYou may share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en) International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.",[22],[275],"Working Paper","2025-03-26","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Ff85696db-c15c-4ab1-becb-82429bfcbec8?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Wannenwetsch, Scarlet. 2025. ‘Anti-corruption Collective Action: A typology for a new era.’ Working Paper 56, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-56.",[280],{"url":281,"caption":282},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[285],{"authors_id":286},{"id":214,"name":215},[],[289,291],{"tags_id":290},{"id":35,"name":22},{"tags_id":292},{"id":42,"name":43},[294,295],2444,2516,[22,23],[25],[29,22],"2025-03-26T17:05:23.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:47.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-56",{"id":304,"slug":305,"title":306,"status":6,"nid":307,"year":104,"body":308,"external":16,"topic":309,"language":70,"type":312,"date_published":313,"image":314,"citation":315,"publisher":14,"link_internal":316,"link_external":319,"authors":320,"countries":329,"tags":330,"pdf":343,"topics":346,"featured":16,"languages":349,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":350,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":351,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":352,"main_points":7,"short_version":353,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":354,"link":355},2425,"wp-60","Working Paper 60: Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives",2867,"Corruption is not simply about individual misconduct. It is a networked phenomenon that arises from entrenched social, economic and political interactions. It is orchestrated through coordination between groups and clusters of individuals.\n\nThis Working Paper explores the networked nature of corruption and the opportunities this presents for anti-corruption efforts. The aim is to understand how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks helps to understand the persistence and resilience of corruption, while opening up new anti-corruption perspectives.\n\nA meta-analysis of findings from more than 15 years of research on informal networks and corruption underpins the conceptualisation of corrupt networks. The paper argues that a focus on networks helps to shed light on the functionality of corruption – from petty bribery to large-scale public procurement fraud – and the underlying social norms that enable it.\n\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal networks associated with corruption and applying the network logic to anti-corruption strategies can help to achieve better outcomes. The paper specifically looks at anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives, suggesting that these should emulate positive aspects of informal networks.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https:\u002F\u002Feterna.unibas.ch\u002F) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2025.60.1-32](https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2025.60.1-32).\n\nYou may share or republish it under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en) International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n",[22,310,311],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[275],"2025-11-04","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F3fc6640b-79d3-481c-a74c-fc1979923c1b?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Jacopo Costa. 2025. 'Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anticorruption Collective Action initiatives.' Working Paper 60, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\u003C\u002Fa>.",[317],{"url":318,"caption":282},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Working+Paper",[],[321,325],{"authors_id":322},{"id":323,"name":324},295,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":326},{"id":327,"name":328},304,"Dr Jacopo Costa",[],[331,333,335,339],{"tags_id":332},{"id":35,"name":22},{"tags_id":334},{"id":42,"name":43},{"tags_id":336},{"id":337,"name":338},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":340},{"id":341,"name":342},967,"Organised crime",[344,345],2481,2480,[22,347,348],"Prevention Research and Innovation","Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[25],[29,22],"2025-11-04T17:05:36.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:52.000Z","This Working Paper reflects on the networked nature of corruption and the\nlessons that can be learned from studying it. Particularly, it provides insights into\nthe opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing anti-corruption\nCollective Action initiatives.\n\nThe authors consider corruption not as a series of isolated acts by individuals,\nbut as the outcome of complex, resilient informal networks embedded within\nsocio-political, economic and cultural structures. Within this framework, they\ninvestigate how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks can\nimprove our understanding of the persistence of corruption and create new\nperspectives to promote better anti-corruption outcomes and impacts.\n\nDrawing on over 15 years of empirical research across diverse countries and\nregions, the authors argue that corruption must be viewed through a network\nlens. This approach reveals how informal connections facilitate rule subversion,\nproblem-solving and goal achievement where formal institutions are weak or\nineffective.\n\nThe paper contends that a focus on networks sheds light on the functionality\nof corruption and the underlying social norms enabling corrupt exchanges.\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal\nnetworks associated with corruption can help design better anti-corruption\ninitiatives.\n\nThe Working Paper contributes to the existing literature on corruption strategies\nand anti-corruption activities.\n\n**First**, the authors explore how **informal networks rooted in trust, reciprocity\nand social norms can serve practical functions**, including accessing public\nservices, boosting business profitability and winning elections. The strength\nof informal networks lies in their adaptability, internal organisation and\nembeddedness in local cultures.\n\nThe authors identify **six core roles in informal networks** that pursue corrupt\nobjectives: seekers, doers, brokers, facilitators, intermediaries and instigators.\nThe coordination and division of tasks among these six roles make such informal\nnetworks effective in achieving their goals.\n\nIn addition, the authors unpack **the most important strategies these corrupt\ninformal networks rely on** for their functioning. These strategies are:\n\n- co-optation (recruitment and trust building);\n- control (discipline and compliance);\n- camouflage (concealment and legitimacy); and\n- coordination (task orchestration and adaptability).\n\n**Second**, the authors set out **concrete implications for anti-corruption\nactivities** based on insights on how informal networks operate. They state that\ntraditional top-down, normative approaches often fail due to the functionality\nof corruption (i.e., corruption is always a means to an end) and the social\nembeddedness of corrupt networks.\n\nThe authors propose to apply the network logic to anti-corruption strategies. This\npaper particularly focuses on **Collective Action initiatives** and suggests that\nthese should emulate positive aspects of informal networks. Collective Action\nrefers to collaborative efforts – typically involving businesses, civil society and\u002For\npublic institutions – to tackle corruption risks and shared integrity challenges that\nno single actor can resolve alone.\n\nThis means that, to be effective, these Collective Action initiatives must be\nbased on:\n\n- **Functional goals:** Set short-term, tangible goals aligned with participants’ interests.\n- **Strategic co-optation:** Recruit key stakeholders strategically, including those who are prone to corruption risks, by using trust-building mechanisms that can supply an added value to the stakeholders.\n- **Transparency and accountability:** Leverage mechanisms of peer pressure and reputation management that can ensure sustained commitment and engagement among participants and deter free-riding strategies.\n\nIn conclusion, to foster integrity in today’s fragmented and conflict-prone world,\nanti-corruption initiatives generally must shift from targeting individuals to\ntargeting the networks that sustain corruption. Sustainable change requires\nlocally rooted, trust-based collective efforts that provide functional, credible and\ncoordinated alternatives to illicit networks.\n\nIn this sense, Collective Action initiatives built on conceptualising corruption\nas a networked problem can be an effective solution for achieving\nanti-corruption goals",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60",{"id":357,"slug":358,"title":359,"status":6,"nid":360,"year":66,"body":361,"external":16,"topic":362,"language":70,"type":363,"date_published":365,"image":366,"citation":367,"publisher":14,"link_internal":368,"link_external":372,"authors":373,"countries":380,"tags":385,"pdf":394,"topics":396,"featured":16,"languages":397,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":398,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":399,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":400,"link":401},2335,"pb-13","Policy Brief 13: Catalysing the private sector for disaster response and resilience – Case study of the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation",2575,"Extreme weather events, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and epidemics cause the loss of countless lives and bring disruption to many countries. Governments and humanitarian aid agencies are expected to be at the forefront of preparing for and responding to such disasters.\n\nHowever, occasionally the scale and impact of some natural disasters are so large that additional resources beyond what governments can provide become necessary. In such cases, efforts may be perceived as insufficient and slow. Resources and efforts need to be augmented in order to provide relief and support to those who need it most.\n\nCould the private sector take a more leading role in pre- and post-disaster efforts? How could a structured, long-term engagement reduce the inevitable integrity risks in high-stress disaster situations involving numerous government, business and international actors?\n\nThis Policy Brief looks at how the [Philippines Disaster Resilience Foundation](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pdrf.org\u002F) (PDRF) has emerged as a leading private-sector coordinator for disaster risk reduction and management.\n\nIt illustrates the important role that the private sector can play in responding to – and building resilience to – natural disasters and other humanitarian emergencies. It also showcases how vital it is for good governance, integrity and transparent collaboration to be at the heart of those efforts.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, [ISSN 2624-9669](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=257) and relates to our work to promote anti-corruption [Collective Action](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F) with the private sector.\n\nIt is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https:\u002F\u002Feterna.unibas.ch\u002F) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief Journal, with DOI: [10.12685\u002Fbigpb.13.7](https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12685\u002Fbigpb.13.7).\n\nYou may freely share or republish it under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ([CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F)). ",[22],[364],"Policy Brief","2024-01-26","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F8803b7dc-e28d-43f1-bac1-2887ce12babb?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Luz, Bill, and Vanessa Hans. 'Catalysing the private sector for disaster response and resilience: Case study of the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation.’ Policy Brief 13, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-13.",[369],{"url":370,"caption":371},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[374,378],{"authors_id":375},{"id":376,"name":377},535,"Bill Luz",{"authors_id":379},{"id":153,"name":154},[381],{"countries_id":382},{"id":383,"name":384},174,"Philippines",[386,388,390],{"tags_id":387},{"id":35,"name":22},{"tags_id":389},{"id":38,"name":39},{"tags_id":391},{"id":392,"name":393},1382,"Humanitarian assistance",[395],2373,[22],[25],"2024-01-29T11:04:48.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:38.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpb-13",{"id":403,"slug":404,"title":405,"status":6,"nid":406,"year":407,"body":408,"external":16,"topic":409,"language":70,"type":410,"date_published":411,"image":412,"citation":74,"publisher":74,"link_internal":413,"link_external":414,"authors":415,"countries":416,"tags":417,"pdf":420,"topics":422,"featured":16,"languages":423,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":424,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":425,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":426,"link":427},2308,"united-nations-global-compact-communication-engagement-2023","United Nations Global Compact: Communication on Engagement 2023",2504,2023,"Our fifth Communication on Engagement to the United Nations Global Compact details our support over the last two years for the UN Global Compact and its results.\n\nNon-business participants, including the Basel Institute, submit the CoE every two years. \n\nPrepared by our [Collective Action](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcollective-action) team, our 2023 submission is available on the [UN Global Compact website](https:\u002F\u002Funglobalcompact.org\u002Fparticipation\u002Freport\u002Fcop\u002Fdetail\u002F479920) and by following the link below.",[22,69],[27],"2023-09-05","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9084646e-d4b9-405e-8f8c-f4085cfed850?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[],[],[],[],[418],{"tags_id":419},{"id":38,"name":39},[421],2344,[22,23],[25],"2023-09-05T16:04:36.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:34.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Funited-nations-global-compact-communication-engagement-2023",{"id":429,"slug":430,"title":431,"status":6,"nid":432,"year":104,"body":433,"external":16,"topic":434,"language":70,"type":435,"date_published":239,"image":437,"citation":74,"publisher":14,"link_internal":438,"link_external":444,"authors":448,"countries":455,"tags":456,"pdf":471,"topics":473,"featured":16,"languages":474,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":475,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":300,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":476,"link":477},2395,"quick-guide-39-business-integrity-and-ethics","Quick Guide 39: Business integrity and ethics",2785,"The changing landscape of anti-corruption regulation and enforcement has triggered important discussions around the role of ethics and compliance in business strategies and in the economy as a whole. It has also given impetus to the narrative that anti-corruption compliance programmes are inevitably costly, potentially ineffective and bureaucratic. \n\nThis ignores many of the positive advances in compliance that have been made in recent years, as well as the growing body of evidence supporting the business case for compliance.\n\nThis Quick Guide covers five broad areas in which mature and well-constructed ethics and compliance systems can benefit businesses even in the face of an uncertain regulatory and enforcement framework. It is based on a roundtable convened by the Basel Institute on Governance and bilateral discussions with key figures in the business and anti-corruption community.\n\n### About this Quick Guide\n\nYou are free to share and republish this work under a Creative Commons [BY-NC-ND 4.0](https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F) Licence. It is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Quick Guide series, [ISSN 2673-5229](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Quick+Guide).",[22,69],[436],"Quick Guide","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9a75cbfc-a56c-4739-b683-d2122f94d9bc?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840",[439,441],{"url":440,"caption":206},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa173c28f-650c-4f7d-9adf-fe1a5cf2d234\u002F250325-QG39-Business-integrity.pdf?v=20250325170522000",{"url":442,"caption":443},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Quick%20Guide"," View all Quick Guides",[445],{"url":446,"caption":447},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=264","View online on LEARN",[449,451],{"authors_id":450},{"id":153,"name":154},{"authors_id":452},{"id":453,"name":454},296,"Monica Guy",[],[457,459,463,467],{"tags_id":458},{"id":38,"name":39},{"tags_id":460},{"id":461,"name":462},1274,"Ethics",{"tags_id":464},{"id":465,"name":466},1380,"Sustainability",{"tags_id":468},{"id":469,"name":470},859,"Corruption risks",[472],2436,[22,23],[25],"2025-03-25T17:05:22.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-39-business-integrity-and-ethics",{"id":479,"slug":480,"title":481,"status":6,"nid":482,"year":407,"body":483,"external":16,"topic":484,"language":485,"type":486,"date_published":487,"image":488,"citation":489,"publisher":14,"link_internal":490,"link_external":492,"authors":496,"countries":501,"tags":506,"pdf":513,"topics":515,"featured":16,"languages":516,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":518,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":93,"date_created":519,"user_updated":95,"date_updated":520,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"og_image":7,"translations_publications":521,"link":522},2297,"wp46","Working Paper 46: Incrementando el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad en la contratación pública: un análisis desde la experiencia en España",2477,"Este documento de trabajo analiza cuatro Pactos de Integridad en España implementados entre abril de 2017 y enero de 2019. Basándose en el análisis, ofrece recomendaciones específicas para medir y mejorar el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad, especialmente para lograr cambios a largo plazo.\n\n***\n\n**Enhancing the impact of Integrity Pacts in public procurement: an analysis from Spain‘s experience**\n\nThis Working Paper analyses four Integrity Pacts in Spain implemented between April 2017 and January 2019. Based on the analysis, it offers specific recommendations to measure and enhance the impact of Integrity Pacts, especially in achieving long-term change.\n\n### Sobre este Documento de Trabajo\n\nEste trabajo forma parte de una serie de documentos de trabajo del Basel Institute on Governance, [ISSN: 2624-9650](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002F?type=Working+Paper). It is a Diamond Open Access publication, also hosted on the Basel University Library’s open publishing platform [eterna](https:\u002F\u002Feterna.unibas.ch\u002F) as part of our Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Journal, with DOI: [10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2023.46.25](https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12685\u002Fbigwp.2023.46.25). \n\nPuede ser libremente compartido bajo una licencia Creative Commons: [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F).\n",[22,69],"es",[275],"2023-06-26","https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcms\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fae39267c-b1c6-4320-8d03-92779c925afc?format=webp&quality=90&width=600&height=840","Arribas Reyes, Esteban. 2023. ‘Incrementando el impacto de los Pactos de Integridad en la contratación pública: un análisis desde la experiencia en España.’ Working Paper 46, Basel Institute on Governance. Disponible en: https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp46.",[491],{"url":281,"caption":282},[493],{"url":494,"caption":495},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fintegrity-pacts\u002F"," Learn about Integrity Pacts on the B20 Collective Action Hub",[497],{"authors_id":498},{"id":499,"name":500},525,"Esteban Arribas Reyes",[502],{"countries_id":503},{"id":504,"name":505},65,"Spain",[507,509],{"tags_id":508},{"id":35,"name":22},{"tags_id":510},{"id":511,"name":512},1378,"Public financial management",[514,357],2336,[22,23],[25,517],"Spanish",[29,22],"2023-06-30T08:38:09.000Z","2026-09-10T09:04:33.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp46",1790158337783]