[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":482},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-building-integrity-and-countering-corruption-defence-security":3,"related-building-integrity-and-countering-corruption-defence-security":82},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":14,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":19,"link_internal":22,"link_external":23,"featured":18,"topics":24,"languages":25,"type":26,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":28,"countries":39,"tags":40,"pdf":41,"authors":66},2140,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:57:27.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:02.000Z",1543,"building-integrity-and-countering-corruption-defence-security","Building integrity and countering corruption in defence & security","This handbook by Transparency International aims to show busy decision-makers how significant progress can be made in tackling corruption in defence and security.\n\nIt presents 20 reform measures based on recent experiences, both of Transparency International (TI) and of governments engaged in developing new approaches.","","English",2011,"2011-01-01",false,[20,21],"Collective Action","Integrity Pacts",[],[],[20,21],[15],[27],"Guidelines",{"id":29,"storage":30,"filename_disk":31,"filename_download":32,"title":33,"type":34,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":35,"width":36,"height":37,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":38,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"fc9b5700-c259-4188-a77b-c51e282903e9","local","fc9b5700-c259-4188-a77b-c51e282903e9.jpg","Pages-from-TI-Integrity-Corruption-Defense-Security-2011.jpg","Pages from TI_Integrity Corruption_Defense Security_2011.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",158761,1654,2339,{},[],[],[42],{"id":43,"publications_id":44,"directus_files_id":58},2184,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":29,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":14,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":47,"link_internal":48,"link_external":49,"featured":18,"topics":50,"languages":51,"type":52,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":53,"tags":54,"pdf":55,"authors":56},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[20,21],[],[],[20,21],[15],[27],[],[],[43],[57],2363,{"id":59,"storage":30,"filename_disk":60,"filename_download":61,"title":61,"type":62,"folder":63,"uploaded_by":45,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":64,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":65,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"de0f30b3-6e14-4ff6-8752-f182e43d2067","de0f30b3-6e14-4ff6-8752-f182e43d2067.pdf","ti-integrity-corruption-defense-security-2011.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",2986203,"View PDF",[67],{"id":57,"publications_id":68,"authors_id":79},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":29,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":14,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":69,"link_internal":70,"link_external":71,"featured":18,"topics":72,"languages":73,"type":74,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":75,"tags":76,"pdf":77,"authors":78},[20,21],[],[],[20,21],[15],[27],[],[],[43],[57],{"id":80,"name":81,"position":7,"image":7},401,"Transparency International",[83,185,214,249,289,316,344,374,399,452],{"id":84,"slug":85,"title":86,"status":6,"nid":87,"year":88,"body":89,"external":18,"topic":90,"language":15,"type":92,"date_published":94,"image":95,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":97,"link_external":98,"authors":102,"countries":111,"tags":177,"pdf":178,"topics":180,"featured":18,"languages":181,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":182,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":183,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":184},2280,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption: A practical guide for anti-corruption agencies in Africa",2443,2024,"This guidance seeks to capture and explore the innovative approaches that African governments have developed to address the demand and supply sides of corruption more effectively and sustainably. It is designed to help government institutions, in particular national anti-corruption agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nThe document highlights good practices identified through interviews, desk research and a 2021 Southern African Development Community (SADC) training on “Emerging anti-corruption issues and private-sector engagement for SADC anti-corruption agencies”.\n\nAfrica offers many examples of innovative, unique and context-sensitive approaches to engage the private sector in anti-corruption efforts. Ghana’s National Anti-Corruption Action Plan, for instance, offers an award scheme and is looking into providing tax benefits to companies that enforce anti-corruption measures and demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption. Other agencies and governments in the region, such as Morocco, are currently discussing implementing a reward system for compliant companies that can be considered when companies bid for public tenders.\n\nThese examples demonstrate how African governments proactively seek to tackle corruption and collaborate with the private sector.\n\nFrom the initiatives captured, three common strategic approaches can be identified to underpin effective and impactful engagement:\n\n\n- **Raising awareness,** guiding and working with the private sector to more effectively address corruption risks.\n- **Identifying and providing incentives** to companies investing in their compliance programmes.\n- **Demonstrating leadership** by actively participating in Collective Action and public-private partnerships.\n\n\nThis document is a follow-up of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2199\">practical global guide\u003C\u002Fa> published in July 2022 and was produced with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nIt is freely shareable under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance.",[20,91,21],"HLRM",[27,93],"Report","2024-11-06","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance",[],[99],{"url":100,"caption":101},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Learn more about Collective Action",[103,107],{"authors_id":104},{"id":105,"name":106},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch",{"authors_id":108},{"id":109,"name":110},514,"Liza Young",[112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,144,148,152,156,157,161,165,169,173],{"countries_id":113},{"id":114,"name":115},135,"Morocco",{"countries_id":117},{"id":118,"name":119},79,"Ghana",{"countries_id":121},{"id":122,"name":123},244,"Zambia",{"countries_id":125},{"id":126,"name":127},153,"Malawi",{"countries_id":129},{"id":130,"name":131},73,"Gabon",{"countries_id":133},{"id":134,"name":135},151,"Mauritius",{"countries_id":137},{"id":138,"name":139},156,"Mozambique",{"countries_id":141},{"id":142,"name":143},243,"South Africa",{"countries_id":145},{"id":146,"name":147},113,"Kenya",{"countries_id":149},{"id":150,"name":151},45,"Cameroon",{"countries_id":153},{"id":154,"name":155},157,"Namibia",{"countries_id":7},{"countries_id":158},{"id":159,"name":160},161,"Nigeria",{"countries_id":162},{"id":163,"name":164},189,"Rwanda",{"countries_id":166},{"id":167,"name":168},192,"Seychelles",{"countries_id":170},{"id":171,"name":172},38,"Democratic Republic of Congo",{"countries_id":174},{"id":175,"name":176},130,"Lesotho",[],[179],2409,[20,91,21],[15],"2023-05-22T10:04:31.000Z","2026-06-01T22:47:36.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fengaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti",{"id":186,"slug":187,"title":188,"status":6,"nid":189,"year":190,"body":191,"external":18,"topic":192,"language":15,"type":193,"date_published":194,"image":195,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":196,"link_external":197,"authors":198,"countries":201,"tags":202,"pdf":207,"topics":209,"featured":18,"languages":210,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":211,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":212,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":213},2199,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption",2236,2022,"This practical guide is designed to help governments, and in particular National Anti-Corruption Agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nIt explains how governments can engage with the private sector to prevent corruption in three ways:\n\n\n- **Collaborate and consult on corruption prevention activities in the private sector** - by setting up events and platforms, providing advisory support and engaging the private sector in developing National Anti-Corruption Strategies.\n- **Support and incentivise the private sector to engage in corruption prevention activities and initiatives** - by creating tangible business benefits for companies investing in compliance, incentivising companies to externalise their compliance programmes, and supporting compliance certification.\n- **Demonstrate leadership by becoming an active participant in Collective Action** - by establishing Collective Action as the go-to approach for engaging with the private sector, by implementing integrity tools in public procurement, and by fostering compliance in state-owned enterprises.\n\n\nEach point is supported with examples of such actions around the world. Many of the examples were provided by a core group of members from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.coe.int\u002Fen\u002Fweb\u002Fcorruption\u002Fncpa-network\">Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA)\u003C\u002Fa>, who worked together with the Basel Institute on Governance to develop this guidance. The Basel Institute’s participation in developing these guidelines is funded by the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsiemens.com\u002Fintegrity-initiative\">Siemens Integrity Initiative\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThe guidance will be updated on a regular basis to continue the discussion around government and private-sector engagement on issues of corruption. \n\nThis document is freely shareable under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>). Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance and Network of Corruption Prevention Authorities (NCPA).",[20,91,21],[27],"2022-06-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd1e59a3d-4f55-44c0-8202-0de5ff67f5ec?width=600&height=840",[],[],[199],{"authors_id":200},{"id":105,"name":106},[],[203],{"tags_id":204},{"id":205,"name":206},1373,"Corruption prevention",[208],2380,[20,91,21],[15],"2022-06-16T13:29:18.000Z","2026-06-01T22:47:37.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fengaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption",{"id":215,"slug":216,"title":217,"status":6,"nid":218,"year":219,"body":220,"external":18,"topic":221,"language":15,"type":223,"date_published":225,"image":226,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":227,"link_external":231,"authors":232,"countries":235,"tags":236,"pdf":241,"topics":243,"featured":18,"languages":245,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":246,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":247,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":248},1820,"g20s-responsiveness-b20-anti-corruption-recommendations-2010-2017-part-i-baseline","The G20’s responsiveness to B20 anti-corruption recommendations 2010–2017. Part I: Baseline report",1939,2020,"How effectively does the Business 20 (B20) process channel recommendations on anti-corruption from the business community up to the Group of Twenty (G20) leaders? Are there ways to increase the uptake of B20 recommendations by the G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group (ACWG) and in the final Communiqué at the G20 Summit?\n\nThis paper helps to answer the questions by analysing the responsiveness of the G20 leaders to the B20’s recommendations on anti-corruption from 2010 to 2017. The analysis uses three previous attempts to measure the impact of the B20 process on G20 outcomes, by the German and Russian presidencies and by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).\n\n### About this report\n\nThis report was funded by the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnew.siemens.com\u002Fglobal\u002Fen\u002Fcompany\u002Fsustainability\u002Fcompliance\u002Fcollective-action.html\">Siemens Integrity Initiative\u003C\u002Fa>, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[20,91,21,222],"Compliance",[224,93],"Article","2020-12-09","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F377e6c2e-8e4a-4236-b4c1-7e76578bda36?width=600&height=840",[228],{"url":229,"caption":230},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-report-highlights-3-ways-to-enhance-b20g20-dialogue-on-anti-corruption-1938"," View blog and summary",[],[233],{"authors_id":234},{"id":105,"name":106},[],[237],{"tags_id":238},{"id":239,"name":240},982,"Anti-corruption",[242],1856,[20,91,21,244],"Business Integrity Ethics and Compliance",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:57.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:44.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fg20s-responsiveness-b20-anti-corruption-recommendations-2010-2017-part-i-baseline",{"id":250,"slug":251,"title":252,"status":6,"nid":253,"year":219,"body":254,"external":18,"topic":255,"language":15,"type":256,"date_published":257,"image":258,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":259,"link_external":263,"authors":264,"countries":277,"tags":278,"pdf":281,"topics":284,"featured":18,"languages":285,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":286,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":287,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":288},1863,"mainstreaming-collective-action-establishing-baseline","Mainstreaming Collective Action: Establishing a baseline",1905,"This paper sets out why and how Collective Action needs to become a global \"norm\" in the fight against corruption and an integral part of mainstream anti-corruption efforts. The idea is to ensure that Collective Action is considered in companies' compliance programmes as a risk mitigation tool to analyse and address persistent problems of corruption. The pathway to achieving this is to embed Collective Action as recommendation in international, national and business-relevant standards.\n\nThe report: \n\n\n- Describes anti-corruption Collective Action. \n- Sets out what “mainstreaming” and “creating norms” mean in this context.\n- Presents detailed analysis on the current state of endorsements of anti-corruption Collective Action by relevant bodies, including a selection of national anti-corruption strategies in various countries. \n- Gives a brief description of the strategy to expand the take-up of Collective Action in such documents and standards.  \n",[20,91,21],[93],"2020-03-31","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9788499a-ea07-4693-8e32-610ed19b1965?width=600&height=840",[260],{"url":261,"caption":262},"\u002Fresources\u002Fcollective-action-hub"," Learn about Collective Action at the Basel Institute",[],[265,269,273],{"authors_id":266},{"id":267,"name":268},289,"Gemma Aiolfi",{"authors_id":270},{"id":271,"name":272},374,"Kyle Forness",{"authors_id":274},{"id":275,"name":276},296,"Monica Guy",[],[279],{"tags_id":280},{"id":239,"name":240},[282,283],1897,1898,[20,91,21],[15],"2022-04-27T11:54:22.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fmainstreaming-collective-action-establishing-baseline",{"id":290,"slug":291,"title":292,"status":6,"nid":293,"year":88,"body":294,"external":18,"topic":295,"language":15,"type":297,"date_published":298,"image":299,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":300,"link_external":301,"authors":302,"countries":307,"tags":308,"pdf":309,"topics":311,"featured":18,"languages":312,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":313,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":314,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":315},2332,"good-practices-facilitators-anti-corruption-collective-action","Good practices for facilitators of anti-corruption Collective Action",2566,"This document summarises insights from a peer learning workshop in Basel, Switzerland in December 2023. The workshop explored best practices in anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives. The report covers:\n\n\n- The role of the facilitator in Collective Action initiatives. \n- The different roles that representatives from the private sector, public sector, civil society and academia play.\n- The process of establishing a Collective Action initiative and securing funding for it.\n- Ways to monitor progress and evaluate impact.\n\n\nIt ends by emphasising the importance of continuing to learn from one another and to share information, including by contributing to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F\">B20 Collective Action Hub\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThe peer-learning workshop and the preparation of this short report were funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[20,296],"Private Sector",[27,93],"2024-01-08","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0d73b60b-a72f-498f-8881-1bb36edca1e1?width=600&height=840",[],[],[303],{"authors_id":304},{"id":305,"name":306},515,"Lucie Binder",[],[],[310],2368,[20,296],[15],"2024-01-08T17:04:46.000Z","2026-05-23T20:04:23.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fgood-practices-facilitators-anti-corruption-collective-action",{"id":317,"slug":318,"title":319,"status":6,"nid":320,"year":321,"body":322,"external":18,"topic":323,"language":324,"type":325,"date_published":326,"image":327,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":328,"link_external":330,"authors":334,"countries":335,"tags":336,"pdf":337,"topics":339,"featured":18,"languages":340,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":341,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":342,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":343},2303,"action-collective-cooperer-avec-le-secteur-prive-guide-pratique-pour-les-agences","Action Collective - Coopérer avec le Secteur Privé: Guide Pratique pour les Agences Nationales de Lutte Contre la Corruption",2484,2023,"Ce guide a pour but de mettre en valeur et d’explorer les approches innovantes que les gouvernements africains ont développées pour s’attaquer à la corruption de manière plus efficace et durable. Ce guide a été conçu afin d’aider les institutions gouvernementales, en particulier les agences nationales de lutte contre la corruption, à coopérer plus efficacement avec le secteur privé pour prévenir la corruption. ",[20,296],"French",[27],"2023-07-11","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F15e186d1-e84a-425e-8f14-13b68981e8dc?width=600&height=840",[329],{},[331],{"url":332,"caption":333},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2280"," Version anglaise",[],[],[],[338],2379,[20,296],[324],"2023-07-11T07:47:13.000Z","2026-05-23T20:09:02.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Faction-collective-cooperer-avec-le-secteur-prive-guide-pratique-pour-les-agences",{"id":345,"slug":346,"title":347,"status":6,"nid":348,"year":190,"body":349,"external":18,"topic":350,"language":15,"type":351,"date_published":352,"image":353,"citation":14,"publisher":14,"link_internal":354,"link_external":355,"authors":356,"countries":361,"tags":366,"pdf":367,"topics":369,"featured":18,"languages":370,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":371,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":372,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":373},2243,"b20-indonesia-2022-integrity-and-compliance-task-force-policy-paper","B20 Indonesia 2022 Integrity and Compliance Task Force: Policy Paper",2312,"This Policy Paper was prepared by the B20 Indonesia Integrity and Compliance Task Force, in which the Basel Institute on Governance served as Network Partner and Co-Chair in 2022.\n\nIn this document, B20 members call for stronger actions from the G20 in four key areas: (1) promote sustainable governance in business to support ESG initiatives; (2) foster Collective Action to alleviate integrity risks; (3) foster agility in counteracting measures to combat money laundering\u002Fterrorist financing risks; (4) strengthen governance to mitigate exacerbated cybercrime risks.",[20],[27],"2022-11-17","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb6843c97-1836-496b-8c68-8960b8c460ec?width=600&height=840",[],[],[357],{"authors_id":358},{"id":359,"name":360},464,"B20 Anti-Corruption Working Group",[362],{"countries_id":363},{"id":364,"name":365},99,"Indonesia",[],[368],2285,[20],[15],"2022-11-17T17:04:00.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:38.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fb20-indonesia-2022-integrity-and-compliance-task-force-policy-paper",{"id":375,"slug":376,"title":377,"status":6,"nid":378,"year":219,"body":379,"external":18,"topic":380,"language":15,"type":381,"date_published":382,"image":383,"citation":14,"publisher":384,"link_internal":385,"link_external":386,"authors":387,"countries":388,"tags":389,"pdf":392,"topics":394,"featured":18,"languages":395,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":396,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":397,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":398},1823,"measuring-effectiveness-anti-corruption-programmes-indicators-company-reporting","Measuring effectiveness of anti-corruption programmes: Indicators for company reporting",1919,"This guidance note contains a set of indicators that companies may wish to consider when reporting on the effectiveness of their anti-corruption efforts to external stakeholders. Such disclosures could also be useful to build trust with external stakeholders, mitigate reputational risk and identify best practices.\n\nIt is focused on the health sector, which is especially vulnerable to compliance risks because of the complexity of its value chain and the size of the financial flows in the sector.\n\nThe guidance note responds to the publication by Norges Bank Investment Management of expectations of companies on anti-corruption, which emphasise that companies should disclose how they measure the effectiveness of their anticorruption programmes. These expectations are based on internationally recognised principles such as the UN Global Compact and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. \n\nThemes of the guidance note cover:\n\n\n- Culture\n- Risk management\n- Third parties\n- Compliance function\n- Oversight\n\n\nThe Collective Action team at the Basel Institute on Governance, under a mandate from Norges Bank Investment Management, facilitated the development of these indicators with a group of health care companies that provided input in writing and verbally during February – September 2020. Participating companies are: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc, AstraZeneca Plc, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly and Co, GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Merck KGaA, Novartis AG and Novo Nordisk A\u002FS.\n ",[20,222],[27],"2020-11-26","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F745fa926-aa4b-4654-a881-9148b191d4b4?width=600&height=840","Norges Bank Investment Management",[],[],[],[],[390],{"tags_id":391},{"id":239,"name":240},[393],1857,[20,244],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:59.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:46.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fmeasuring-effectiveness-anti-corruption-programmes-indicators-company-reporting",{"id":400,"slug":401,"title":402,"status":6,"nid":403,"year":404,"body":405,"external":18,"topic":406,"language":15,"type":409,"date_published":411,"image":412,"citation":413,"publisher":96,"link_internal":414,"link_external":418,"authors":419,"countries":428,"tags":429,"pdf":443,"topics":446,"featured":18,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":448,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":449,"main_points":7,"short_version":450,"subtitle":7,"link":451},2425,"wp-60","Working Paper 60: Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives",2867,2025,"Corruption is not simply about individual misconduct. It is a networked phenomenon that arises from entrenched social, economic and political interactions. It is orchestrated through coordination between groups and clusters of individuals.\n\nThis Working Paper explores the networked nature of corruption and the opportunities this presents for anti-corruption efforts. The aim is to understand how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks helps to understand the persistence and resilience of corruption, while opening up new anti-corruption perspectives.\n\nA meta-analysis of findings from more than 15 years of research on informal networks and corruption underpins the conceptualisation of corrupt networks. The paper argues that a focus on networks helps to shed light on the functionality of corruption – from petty bribery to large-scale public procurement fraud – and the underlying social norms that enable it.\n\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal networks associated with corruption and applying the network logic to anti-corruption strategies can help to achieve better outcomes. The paper specifically looks at anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives, suggesting that these should emulate positive aspects of informal networks.\n\n### About this Working Paper\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish it under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> International Licence.\n\nThe contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.\n\n",[20,407,408],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[410],"Working Paper","2025-11-04","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F3fc6640b-79d3-481c-a74c-fc1979923c1b?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Jacopo Costa. 2025. 'Understanding the enemy: Insights from corrupt networks to improve anticorruption Collective Action initiatives.'Working Paper 60, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60\u003C\u002Fa>.",[415],{"url":416,"caption":417},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[420,424],{"authors_id":421},{"id":422,"name":423},572,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo",{"authors_id":425},{"id":426,"name":427},550,"Dr Jacopo Costa",[],[430,433,435,439],{"tags_id":431},{"id":432,"name":20},909,{"tags_id":434},{"id":239,"name":240},{"tags_id":436},{"id":437,"name":438},1309,"Informality",{"tags_id":440},{"id":441,"name":442},967,"Organised crime",[444,445],2480,2481,[20,447],"Prevention Research and Innovation","2025-11-04T17:05:36.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z","This Working Paper reflects on the networked nature of corruption and the\nlessons that can be learned from studying it. Particularly, it provides insights into\nthe opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing anti-corruption\nCollective Action initiatives.\n\nThe authors consider corruption not as a series of isolated acts by individuals,\nbut as the outcome of complex, resilient informal networks embedded within\nsocio-political, economic and cultural structures. Within this framework, they\ninvestigate how shifting the unit of analysis from individuals to networks can\nimprove our understanding of the persistence of corruption and create new\nperspectives to promote better anti-corruption outcomes and impacts.\n\nDrawing on over 15 years of empirical research across diverse countries and\nregions, the authors argue that corruption must be viewed through a network\nlens. This approach reveals how informal connections facilitate rule subversion,\nproblem-solving and goal achievement where formal institutions are weak or\nineffective.\n\nThe paper contends that a focus on networks sheds light on the functionality\nof corruption and the underlying social norms enabling corrupt exchanges.\nUnderstanding the structures, functions and modus operandi of the informal\nnetworks associated with corruption can help design better anti-corruption\ninitiatives.\n\nThe Working Paper contributes to the existing literature on corruption strategies\nand anti-corruption activities.\n\n**First**, the authors explore how **informal networks rooted in trust, reciprocity\nand social norms can serve practical functions**, including accessing public\nservices, boosting business profitability and winning elections. The strength\nof informal networks lies in their adaptability, internal organisation and\nembeddedness in local cultures.\n\nThe authors identify **six core roles in informal networks** that pursue corrupt\nobjectives: seekers, doers, brokers, facilitators, intermediaries and instigators.\nThe coordination and division of tasks among these six roles make such informal\nnetworks effective in achieving their goals.\n\nIn addition, the authors unpack **the most important strategies these corrupt\ninformal networks rely on** for their functioning. These strategies are:\n\n- co-optation (recruitment and trust building);\n- control (discipline and compliance);\n- camouflage (concealment and legitimacy); and\n- coordination (task orchestration and adaptability).\n\n**Second**, the authors set out **concrete implications for anti-corruption\nactivities** based on insights on how informal networks operate. They state that\ntraditional top-down, normative approaches often fail due to the functionality\nof corruption (i.e., corruption is always a means to an end) and the social\nembeddedness of corrupt networks.\n\nThe authors propose to apply the network logic to anti-corruption strategies. This\npaper particularly focuses on **Collective Action initiatives** and suggests that\nthese should emulate positive aspects of informal networks. Collective Action\nrefers to collaborative efforts – typically involving businesses, civil society and\u002For\npublic institutions – to tackle corruption risks and shared integrity challenges that\nno single actor can resolve alone.\n\nThis means that, to be effective, these Collective Action initiatives must be\nbased on:\n\n- **Functional goals:** Set short-term, tangible goals aligned with participants’ interests.\n- **Strategic co-optation:** Recruit key stakeholders strategically, including those who are prone to corruption risks, by using trust-building mechanisms that can supply an added value to the stakeholders.\n- **Transparency and accountability:** Leverage mechanisms of peer pressure and reputation management that can ensure sustained commitment and engagement among participants and deter free-riding strategies.\n\nIn conclusion, to foster integrity in today’s fragmented and conflict-prone world,\nanti-corruption initiatives generally must shift from targeting individuals to\ntargeting the networks that sustain corruption. Sustainable change requires\nlocally rooted, trust-based collective efforts that provide functional, credible and\ncoordinated alternatives to illicit networks.\n\nIn this sense, Collective Action initiatives built on conceptualising corruption\nas a networked problem can be an effective solution for achieving\nanti-corruption goals","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-60",{"id":453,"slug":454,"title":455,"status":6,"nid":456,"year":404,"body":457,"external":18,"topic":458,"language":15,"type":459,"date_published":460,"image":461,"citation":14,"publisher":96,"link_internal":462,"link_external":463,"authors":467,"countries":470,"tags":471,"pdf":476,"topics":478,"featured":18,"languages":7,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":479,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":480,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":481},2418,"anti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024","Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024",2845,"This report analyses the approaches of the previous five B20 presidencies to addressing anti-corruption Collective Action. It captures lessons learned and provides recommendations for future B20\u002FG20 cycles. It is primarily intended for upcoming B20\u002FG20 presidencies, B20 Integrity & Compliance Task Force members and organisations engaging with the B20\u002FG20.\n\n### About this report\n\nYou may share or republish this report under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nSuggested citation: Scarlet Wannenwetsch. 2025. 'Anti-corruption Collective Action in the G20\u002FB20 process: Charting progress 2020–2024.' Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThe report was funded by the Siemens Integrity Initiative, which supports organisations in the fight against corruption and fraud through Collective Action, education and training. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the position of Siemens or the Siemens Integrity Initiative.",[20,296],[93],"2025-08-29","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7f5abe00-7eca-48f7-a600-067f05b7871a?width=600&height=840",[],[464],{"url":465,"caption":466},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F1820"," Read related baseline report",[468],{"authors_id":469},{"id":105,"name":106},[],[472,474],{"tags_id":473},{"id":239,"name":240},{"tags_id":475},{"id":432,"name":20},[477],2475,[20,296],"2025-09-08T21:17:14.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:11.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fanti-corruption-collective-action-g20b20-process-charting-progress-2020-2024",1780676556497]