[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":636},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-between-condemnation-and-resignation-study-attitudes-towards-corruption-public-health":3,"related-between-condemnation-and-resignation-study-attitudes-towards-corruption-public-health":162},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":19,"link_internal":21,"link_external":22,"featured":18,"topics":29,"languages":31,"type":32,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":34,"countries":44,"tags":73,"pdf":125,"authors":126},2016,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:56:05.000Z","2026-05-29T22:23:11.000Z",216,"between-condemnation-and-resignation-study-attitudes-towards-corruption-public-health","Between condemnation and resignation: a study on attitudes towards corruption in the public health sector in Tanzania","Chapter 8 in *Corruption in Public Administration: An Ethnographic Approach*, edited by Davide Torsello.\n\nDespite the growth in literature on political corruption, contributions from field research are still exiguous. This book, edited by Davide Torsello, provides a timely and much needed addition to current research, bridging the gap between macro level quantitative indicators of corruption and micro level qualitative evidence through an innovative ethnographic approach to the study of corruption and integrity in public administration.\n\nClaudia Baez Camargo’s two contributory articles highlight the key findings of field research conducted in Mexico and Tanzania as part of the Basel Institute's contribution to ANTICORRP.\n\nFor the Tanzanian study, Baez Camargo and her co-author Rodrigo Megchún Rivera explore the attitudes towards corrupt practices in the health sector among citizens in Dar es Salaam and how those are linked to coping mechanisms that have been spontaneously organised at the community level as well as to generalised perceptions on the role of the state and the prevailing legal order in contemporary Tanzania.\n\n\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fnode\u002F192\">Read the original ANTICORRP Tanzanian study here\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnew.baselgovernance.org\u002Fnews-publications\u002Fpublications\u002Fbetween-condemnation-and-resignation-study-attitudes-towards\">.\u003C\u002Fa>","Baez Camargo, C., Faustine Sambaiga, R. (2016) 'Between condemnation and resignation: a study on attitudes towards corruption in the public health sector in Tanzania' in Torsello, D. (ed.) Corruption in Public Administration: An Ethnographic Approach. Edw","English","Edward Elgar Publishing","2016-01-01",false,[20],"Public Governance",[],[23,26],{"url":24,"caption":25},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.elgaronline.com\u002Fview\u002F9781785362583.00016.xml","View chapter on Edward Elgar Publishing website",{"url":27,"caption":28},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.e-elgar.com\u002Fshop\u002Fcorruption-in-public-administration"," Order book from Edward Elgar Publishing",[30],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],[33],"Article",{"id":35,"storage":36,"filename_disk":37,"filename_download":38,"title":38,"type":39,"created_on":8,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":40,"width":41,"height":42,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":43,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"0559cc5b-3b32-4646-9816-7de15aa8b043","local","0559cc5b-3b32-4646-9816-7de15aa8b043.jpg","corruptioninpublicadministration.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",56339,940,587,{},[45],{"id":46,"publications_id":47,"countries_id":67},903,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":35,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":50,"link_internal":51,"link_external":52,"featured":18,"topics":55,"languages":56,"type":57,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":58,"tags":59,"pdf":63,"authors":64},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[20],[],[53,54],{"url":24,"caption":25},{"url":27,"caption":28},[30],[15],[33],[46],[60,61,62],5064,5065,5066,[],[65,66],2217,2218,{"id":68,"name":69,"code":70,"latitude":71,"longitude":72},224,"Tanzania","TZ",-6.36903,34.88882,[74,91,108],{"id":60,"publications_id":75,"tags_id":88},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":35,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":76,"link_internal":77,"link_external":78,"featured":18,"topics":81,"languages":82,"type":83,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":84,"tags":85,"pdf":86,"authors":87},[20],[],[79,80],{"url":24,"caption":25},{"url":27,"caption":28},[30],[15],[33],[46],[60,61,62],[],[65,66],{"id":89,"name":90},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"id":61,"publications_id":92,"tags_id":105},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":35,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":93,"link_internal":94,"link_external":95,"featured":18,"topics":98,"languages":99,"type":100,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":101,"tags":102,"pdf":103,"authors":104},[20],[],[96,97],{"url":24,"caption":25},{"url":27,"caption":28},[30],[15],[33],[46],[60,61,62],[],[65,66],{"id":106,"name":107},848,"Behavioural science",{"id":62,"publications_id":109,"tags_id":122},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":35,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":110,"link_internal":111,"link_external":112,"featured":18,"topics":115,"languages":116,"type":117,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":118,"tags":119,"pdf":120,"authors":121},[20],[],[113,114],{"url":24,"caption":25},{"url":27,"caption":28},[30],[15],[33],[46],[60,61,62],[],[65,66],{"id":123,"name":124},1381,"Health",[],[127,145],{"id":65,"publications_id":128,"authors_id":141},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":35,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":129,"link_internal":130,"link_external":131,"featured":18,"topics":134,"languages":135,"type":136,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":137,"tags":138,"pdf":139,"authors":140},[20],[],[132,133],{"url":24,"caption":25},{"url":27,"caption":28},[30],[15],[33],[46],[60,61,62],[],[65,66],{"id":142,"name":143,"position":7,"image":144},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo","efaca248-6b57-4e2e-af40-614056eb022c",{"id":66,"publications_id":146,"authors_id":159},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":8,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":35,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":5,"publisher":16,"date_published":17,"external":18,"topic":147,"link_internal":148,"link_external":149,"featured":18,"topics":152,"languages":153,"type":154,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":155,"tags":156,"pdf":157,"authors":158},[20],[],[150,151],{"url":24,"caption":25},{"url":27,"caption":28},[30],[15],[33],[46],[60,61,62],[],[65,66],{"id":160,"name":161,"position":7,"image":7},370,"Richard Sambaiga",[163,223,265,320,364,422,462,504,560,600],{"id":164,"slug":165,"title":166,"status":6,"nid":167,"year":168,"body":169,"external":18,"topic":170,"language":15,"type":172,"date_published":174,"image":175,"citation":176,"publisher":177,"link_internal":178,"link_external":182,"authors":183,"countries":198,"tags":203,"pdf":216,"topics":218,"featured":18,"languages":219,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":220,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":221,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":222},1796,"policy-brief-7-reducing-social-acceptability-wildlife-trafficking-through-behaviour","Policy Brief 7: Reducing the social acceptability of wildlife trafficking through behaviour change interventions",2058,2021,"Behaviour change interventions aimed at reducing the social acceptability of wildlife trafficking are an important part of efforts to prevent wildlife crime. This policy brief summarises lessons learned about how to develop and frame effective messages in the context of these interventions, based on field work conducted in Uganda. \n\nA key first step is to **narrowly identify the right target audience**. While a general public awareness campaign may have its merits, it may be more effective to focus on those identified as most vulnerable to participating in wildlife trafficking, namely young men, those that live around wildlife trafficking hotspots and those involved in trade.\n\nSecond, it appears most promising to **formulate messages that challenge narrow utilitarian perceptions of wildlife** by highlighting the hidden costs of trafficking and its negative impact on the economy and the environment. Messages that focus on legal risks should showcase successes in detection and sanctions, especially in a context in which impunity is perceived to be high. Other messages that seek to challenge the overvalued benefits of engaging in wildlife trafficking in relation to wealth and social status should be carefully nuanced to avoid rejection.\n\nThird, **how we frame such messages** is equally important. The research suggests that appealing to social identity and highlighting personal consequences are the most promising frames to adopt.\n\nOverall, practitioners are advised to develop and test messages and approaches that are personal and precise.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>, and supports the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Kassa, S., Costa, J., Lugolobi, R. & Baez Camargo, C. (2021) *Reducing the social acceptability of wildlife trafficking through behaviour change interventions*. Policy Brief 7, Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThis report was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.",[171,20],"Green Corruption",[173],"Policy Brief","2021-07-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F09d166c2-9325-4327-b308-f5e0890d446d?width=600&height=840","","Basel Institute on Governance",[179],{"url":180,"caption":181},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[184,188,192,196],{"authors_id":185},{"id":186,"name":187},303,"Saba Kassa",{"authors_id":189},{"id":190,"name":191},304,"Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":193},{"id":194,"name":195},358,"Robert Lugolobi",{"authors_id":197},{"id":142,"name":143},[199],{"countries_id":200},{"id":201,"name":202},226,"Uganda",[204,206,208,212],{"tags_id":205},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":207},{"id":89,"name":90},{"tags_id":209},{"id":210,"name":211},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":213},{"id":214,"name":215},1303,"Environment",[217],1832,[171,30],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:42.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:40.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-7-reducing-social-acceptability-wildlife-trafficking-through-behaviour",{"id":224,"slug":225,"title":226,"status":6,"nid":227,"year":228,"body":229,"external":18,"topic":230,"language":15,"type":231,"date_published":232,"image":233,"citation":176,"publisher":177,"link_internal":234,"link_external":236,"authors":237,"countries":246,"tags":249,"pdf":258,"topics":260,"featured":18,"languages":261,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":262,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":263,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":264},1830,"policy-brief-5-curbing-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-lessons-practitioners","Policy Brief 5: Curbing wildlife trafficking in Uganda: lessons for practitioners",1901,2020,"This policy brief summarises the main findings from extensive field research on the drivers, facilitators and strategies of wildlife trafficking in Uganda. It translates the insights described in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-33-worms-eye-view-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-path-least-resistance\">Working Paper 33: A worm’s-eye view of wildlife trafficking in Uganda\u003C\u002Fa> into recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.\n\nThe research shows that individuals engaging in the first stages of the trading route are driven predominantly by aspirations of wealth to overcome socio-economic hardships. This is reinforced by stereotypes that depict wildlife trade as benign and legitimate.\n\nThe trafficking is also facilitated by weak governance systems that generate high levels of corruption and impunity. In such a context, opportunistic strategies sustain the operations of organised transnational wildlife trafficking networks, not least because of the availability of a ready pool of accomplices who can be co-opted to facilitate the effective consolidation, concealment and corrupt cover of high volumes of wildlife products.\n\nPolicymakers who wish to reduce the attractiveness of Uganda for organised wildlife trafficking networks are advised to consider these factors when designing their interventions.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>, and supports the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Suggested citation: Kassa, Saba, Jacopo Costa, Robert Lugolobi, and Claudia Baez Camargo. 2021 \"\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-5-curbing-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-lessons-practitioners\">Curbing wildlife trafficking in Uganda: lessons for practitioners.\u003C\u002Fa>\" *Policy Brief* 5, Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThis report was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.",[171,20],[173],"2020-10-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F873138a3-6e27-4b38-8866-97faa57c00d3?width=600&height=840",[235],{"url":180,"caption":181},[],[238,240,242,244],{"authors_id":239},{"id":186,"name":187},{"authors_id":241},{"id":190,"name":191},{"authors_id":243},{"id":194,"name":195},{"authors_id":245},{"id":142,"name":143},[247],{"countries_id":248},{"id":201,"name":202},[250,252,254,256],{"tags_id":251},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":253},{"id":89,"name":90},{"tags_id":255},{"id":210,"name":211},{"tags_id":257},{"id":214,"name":215},[259],1869,[171,30],[15],"2022-04-27T11:54:03.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:45.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-5-curbing-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-lessons-practitioners",{"id":266,"slug":267,"title":268,"status":6,"nid":269,"year":270,"body":271,"external":18,"topic":272,"language":15,"type":273,"date_published":274,"image":275,"citation":176,"publisher":276,"link_internal":277,"link_external":287,"authors":291,"countries":300,"tags":305,"pdf":314,"topics":315,"featured":18,"languages":316,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":317,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":318,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":319},2221,"informal-networks-investment-qualitative-analysis-uganda-and-tanzania","Informal networks as investment: A qualitative analysis from Uganda and Tanzania",2277,2022,"Published in the peer-reviewed journal *Governance*, this paper interprets informal networks as investments made by citizens and business people to cope with the public sphere. Informal networks often orchestrate corruption, connecting public and private actors. The paper aims to understand their key characteristics, scopes, and functional roles.\n\nTen mini case studies from Tanzania and Uganda are studied. The research applies narrative analysis to explore the experiences of citizens, entrepreneurs, and low-level public officials, who built informal networks as a problem-solving mechanism. It uses a grounded theory approach. The findings serve as working hypotheses about variables and patterns emerging from the bottom-up analysis.\n\nThe paper outlines:\n\n\n- Whether there are distinct types of informal networks associated with particular types of corruption;\n- How, why and by whom these networks are built;\n- Whether different individuals play specific roles;\n- The unwritten expectations and norms that govern such networks.\n\n\nThe results highlight critical implications for anti-corruption practice, showing, for example, how this can be strengthened by shifting the intervention unit from individuals to networks.\n\n### About this article\n\nThis peer-reviewed article is based on extensive field research and analysis conducted by the Basel Institute's Public Governance team in Tanzania and Uganda. The research was funded by UK Aid under the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence (GI-ACE) programme. See the links below for the open-access research outputs, including a full research report and two sets of case studies.",[20],[33],"2022-08-25","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F1771fed4-0a6d-4050-88ce-494e877fab4e?width=600&height=840","Governance (Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the IPSA Structure and Organization of Government Committee)",[278,281,284],{"url":279,"caption":280},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-networks-investment-east-africa"," View open access research report: Informal networks as investment in East Africa",{"url":282,"caption":283},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-studies-tanzania-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption"," View case studies from Tanzania",{"url":285,"caption":286},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-studies-uganda-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption"," View case studies from Uganda",[288],{"url":289,"caption":290},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fgove.12726","View peer-reviewed article on Wiley Online Library",[292,294,296],{"authors_id":293},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":295},{"id":190,"name":191},{"authors_id":297},{"id":298,"name":299},359,"Lucy Koechlin",[301,303],{"countries_id":302},{"id":68,"name":69},{"countries_id":304},{"id":201,"name":202},[306,308,310],{"tags_id":307},{"id":210,"name":211},{"tags_id":309},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":311},{"id":312,"name":313},1309,"Informality",[],[30],[15],"2022-09-06T14:10:21.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:59.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-networks-investment-qualitative-analysis-uganda-and-tanzania",{"id":321,"slug":322,"title":323,"status":6,"nid":324,"year":168,"body":325,"external":18,"topic":326,"language":15,"type":327,"date_published":329,"image":330,"citation":176,"publisher":331,"link_internal":332,"link_external":338,"authors":339,"countries":346,"tags":351,"pdf":358,"topics":360,"featured":18,"languages":361,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":362,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":363,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":279},1779,"informal-networks-investment-east-africa","Informal networks as investment in East Africa",2126,"This report presents findings from a research project entitled \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Finformality\u002F\">Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments\u003C\u002Fa>” funded by UK Aid as part of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE).\n\nThe project follows from a previous research project where the Basel Institute on Governance, in partnership with University College London and SOAS, researched informality and its relationship with corruption and governance in seven countries in East Africa and Central Asia. The findings from that research project suggested that corruption often takes place according to informal, unwritten rules. The findings from the seven countries supported the following observation:\n\n\n“Corruption is most often not the result from the actions of a few, individual rotten apples operating in otherwise healthy governance systems; rather corruption is orchestrated by informal social networks that connect actors in the public and private realms and enable the pursuit of a variety of intransparent, often illicit, goals.”\n\n\nIn our current research project, we have aimed to understand how informal networks that are associated with different types of corruption are exactly articulated, operationalised and managed, with a view to distilling lessons of value to anti-corruption practitioners.\n\nThe present report sheds light on the functioning of informal networks in East Africa, based on evidence collected in Tanzania and Uganda. The report presents evidence, consisting of ten mini-case studies (six from Tanzania and four from Uganda) that describe informal networks associated with bribery and procurement fraud. The 10 cases are also analysed and implications for anti-corruption practice discussed.",[20],[33,328],"Report","2021-11-02","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fe420805b-118f-48cb-8bff-675352716c10?width=600&height=840","Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE)",[333,334,335],{"url":282,"caption":283},{"url":285,"caption":286},{"url":336,"caption":337},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fbribery-isnt-only-an-exchange-of-money-what-new-research-tells-us-about-how-informal-networks-enable-corruption-and-vice-versa-2129"," View blog\u002Fshort summary by Claudia Baez Camargo",[],[340,342,344],{"authors_id":341},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":343},{"id":190,"name":191},{"authors_id":345},{"id":298,"name":299},[347,349],{"countries_id":348},{"id":68,"name":69},{"countries_id":350},{"id":201,"name":202},[352,354,356],{"tags_id":353},{"id":210,"name":211},{"tags_id":355},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":357},{"id":312,"name":313},[359],1804,[30],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:30.000Z","2026-06-02T14:10:29.000Z",{"id":365,"slug":366,"title":367,"status":6,"nid":368,"year":228,"body":369,"external":18,"topic":370,"language":15,"type":371,"date_published":372,"image":373,"citation":374,"publisher":375,"link_internal":376,"link_external":377,"authors":381,"countries":400,"tags":409,"pdf":416,"topics":417,"featured":18,"languages":418,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":419,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":420,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":421},1842,"petty-corruption-public-sector-comparative-study-three-east-african-countries-through","Petty corruption in the public sector: A comparative study of three East African countries through a behavioural lens",1837,"This article presents comparative evidence about the relevance of behavioural drivers in relation to petty corruption in three East African countries. It discusses the potential to incorporate behavioural insights into anti-corruption policy-making.\n\nPersistently high levels of bureaucratic corruption prevail in many countries across the African continent. This along with the limited effectiveness of conventional anti-corruption prescriptions call for a contextualised understanding of the multiple factors determining corruption-related decision-making.\n\nAdopting a behavioural lens involves accounting for the human factor as it relates to the effects of sociality and social constructs on propensities for corruption. As such, this novel approach complements the literature that has sought to understand corruption on the basis of political, economic, and institutional drivers and constraints.\n\nField research conducted in Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda found evidence for such behavioural drivers, showing that citizens are swayed by social pressures and beliefs that ultimately spur petty corruption by endorsing associated maladaptive practices. Sustained by social norms of group solidarity and reciprocity and legitimised by commonly shared perceptions of corruption as the norm, the research points to a problematic overlap of the public (formal) and the socio-cultural (informal) spheres.\n\nBy adding a behavioural dimension to the study of the drivers of corruption, this article seeks to contribute towards the development of more effective anti-corruption policy formulation that acknowledges the pitfalls attached to behavioural factors that conventional anti-corruption prescriptions have largely failed to address.\n\nThe article was published in the open-access African Studies journal on 19 August 2020.",[20],[33],"2020-08-19","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F4bc5fb34-b953-48d6-8727-a9a2200a2327?width=600&height=840","Claudia Baez-Camargo, Paul Bukuluki, Richard Sambaiga, Tharcisse Gatwa, Saba Kassa & Cosimo Stahl (2020): Petty corruption in the public sector: A comparative study of three East African countries through a behavioural lens, African Studies","African Studies",[],[378],{"url":379,"caption":380},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00020184.2020.1803729","View article",[382,384,388,390,394,396],{"authors_id":383},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":385},{"id":386,"name":387},369,"Paul Bukuluki",{"authors_id":389},{"id":160,"name":161},{"authors_id":391},{"id":392,"name":393},371,"Tharcisse Gatwa",{"authors_id":395},{"id":186,"name":187},{"authors_id":397},{"id":398,"name":399},354,"Cosimo Stahl",[401,403,405],{"countries_id":402},{"id":68,"name":69},{"countries_id":404},{"id":201,"name":202},{"countries_id":406},{"id":407,"name":408},189,"Rwanda",[410,414],{"tags_id":411},{"id":412,"name":413},973,"Corruption",{"tags_id":415},{"id":106,"name":107},[],[30],[15],"2022-04-27T11:54:10.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:49.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpetty-corruption-public-sector-comparative-study-three-east-african-countries-through",{"id":423,"slug":424,"title":425,"status":6,"nid":426,"year":270,"body":427,"external":18,"topic":428,"language":15,"type":429,"date_published":430,"image":431,"citation":176,"publisher":432,"link_internal":433,"link_external":434,"authors":438,"countries":445,"tags":446,"pdf":455,"topics":457,"featured":18,"languages":458,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":459,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":460,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":461},2195,"wp-39","Working Paper 39: Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade – Problem analysis and state of the field review",2210,"This Problem Analysis is a review of the efficacy and opportunities for using social norm and behaviour change (SNBC) approaches to combat illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and other natural resource-related corruption.\n\nBehavioural science is a rich and expansive field that has received prominent coverage in recent years for the promise it offers as a foundational yet underutilised approach to achieving biodiversity conservation. Extensive literature shows how SNBC initiatives can help combat diverse corruption problems, although for those related to natural resource management the evidence for doing so is sparse.\n\nThis report synthesises the available information and suggests the next steps to redress this current lack of evidence. It seeks to:\n\n\n- Understand what SNBC approaches might or might not work in fighting corruption.\n- Identify entry points for designing SNBC interventions that can effectively reduce corruption related to IWT.\n\n\n### About and acknowledgements\n\nThis Analysis has been produced in association with the Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project. The TNRC project is working to improve biodiversity outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming. Learn more at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftnrcproject.org\">tnrcproject.org\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThis publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government, or individual TNRC consortium members.\n\nThe publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Gayle Burgess. 2022. “Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade: Problem analysis and state of the field review.” Working Paper 39, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39\u003C\u002Fa>",[171,20],[33,328],"2022-06-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9f6e8d24-9468-43cb-949d-bdbd25d35adb?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance; TRAFFIC",[],[435],{"url":436,"caption":437},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.zoom.us\u002Fwebinar\u002Fregister\u002FWN_VUh1-aisS-Su1Cuwc8vWlA"," Register for virtual event - 27 June 2022",[439,441],{"authors_id":440},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":442},{"id":443,"name":444},501,"Gayle Burgess",[],[447,451,453],{"tags_id":448},{"id":449,"name":450},804,"Natural resources",{"tags_id":452},{"id":214,"name":215},{"tags_id":454},{"id":106,"name":107},[456],2234,[171,30],[15],"2022-06-09T13:42:35.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:04.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39",{"id":463,"slug":464,"title":465,"status":6,"nid":466,"year":270,"body":467,"external":18,"topic":468,"language":15,"type":469,"date_published":470,"image":471,"citation":176,"publisher":472,"link_internal":473,"link_external":479,"authors":483,"countries":492,"tags":493,"pdf":498,"topics":499,"featured":18,"languages":500,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":501,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":502,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":503},1766,"determinants-and-drivers-wildlife-trafficking-qualitative-analysis-uganda","Determinants and drivers of wildlife trafficking: A qualitative analysis in Uganda",2163,"The article analyses drivers and determinants of illicit wildlife trade (IWT), targeting those factors that support the participation of individuals in poaching and transportation of wildlife goods.\n\nThese factors are often explained in economic and institutional terms. Recently, scholars have started to recognise the importance of socio-cultural and behavioural drivers in influencing the individual propensity to engage in wildlife trafficking. The goal is clarifying how behavioural drivers may spur individuals to engage in these phenomena. The research provides further understanding on why wildlife trafficking happens by focusing on the role of the socio-economic context, the broader governance environment, and behavioural drivers associated with sociality and stereotypes in spurring participation in IWT.\n\nThe research is based on fieldwork in Uganda, specifically on 47 interviews with Ugandan-based and international anti-IWT experts and eight focus group discussions with wildlife conservation and anti-corruption experts in Kampala, members of reformed poachers’ networks in Western Uganda, and individuals living around a wildlife habitat in northern Uganda.\n\nThe findings highlight that illicit wildlife trade is spurred by the wish for financial resources (economic factors) and weak governance (quality of governance), and it is justified by mental models, that is, the behavioural drivers such as socio-contextual and normative mechanisms. The research shows the importance of reflecting on the role that behavioural drivers, including sociality and shared understandings of IWT, play in influencing the propensity of individuals to engage in poaching and the early stages of wildlife trafficking.\n\n### Acknowledgement and citation\n\nThis publication arose out of a collaboration between the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance\">Public Governance\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption\u003C\u002Fa> teams. The research presented in this publication forms part of a two-year project aimed at stopping corruption from fuelling illegal wildlife trade between East Africa and Southeast Asia.\n\nThis research was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.\n\nCitation: Saba Kassa, Claudia Baez-Camargo, Jacopo Costa & Robert Lugolobi (2022) Determinants and Drivers of Wildlife Trafficking: A Qualitative Analysis in Uganda, *Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy*, DOI: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13880292.2021.2019381\">10.1080\u002F13880292.2021.2019381\u003C\u002Fa>",[171,20],[33],"2022-01-13","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0f25db65-39c2-4fad-babd-d553fd271acc?width=600&height=840","Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy",[474,477],{"url":475,"caption":476},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-33-worms-eye-view-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-path-least-resistance"," Related publication: Working Paper 33: A worm’s-eye view of wildlife trafficking in Uganda – the path of least resistance",{"url":264,"caption":478}," Related publication: Policy Brief 5: Curbing wildlife trafficking in Uganda: lessons for practitioners",[480],{"url":481,"caption":482},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13880292.2021.2019381","Access article via Taylor & Francis Online",[484,486,488,490],{"authors_id":485},{"id":186,"name":187},{"authors_id":487},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":489},{"id":190,"name":191},{"authors_id":491},{"id":194,"name":195},[],[494,496],{"tags_id":495},{"id":214,"name":215},{"tags_id":497},{"id":106,"name":107},[],[171,30],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:21.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:05.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fdeterminants-and-drivers-wildlife-trafficking-qualitative-analysis-uganda",{"id":505,"slug":506,"title":507,"status":6,"nid":508,"year":168,"body":509,"external":18,"topic":510,"language":15,"type":511,"date_published":512,"image":513,"citation":176,"publisher":514,"link_internal":515,"link_external":516,"authors":519,"countries":532,"tags":546,"pdf":555,"topics":556,"featured":18,"languages":557,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":220,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":558,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":559},1797,"insiders-corruption-versus-outsiders-ethicality-individual-responses-conflicting","Insider’s corruption versus outsider’s ethicality? Individual responses to conflicting institutional logics",2061,"This article arises from the work of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance\">Public Governance team\u003C\u002Fa> on informal governance. It was produced by research partners at the ESCP Business School (Paris) and the EDC Paris Business School (Courbevoie), France.\n\n### Abstract\n\nIn this article, we seek to understand whether and to what extent the sense of belonging to a powerful network affects individual decision-making in terms of ethicality with regard to a corrupt situation. We study the behaviour of insiders (individuals who belong to a power network, i.e. a network of individuals connected by interpersonal relationships to a person in a position of power) and outsiders in a corrupt versus non-corrupt environments using the theoretical frameworks of institutional logics and informal networks. Our hypotheses were tested with the help of a vignette-based experiment with 464 participants from countries considered as corrupt (Kazakhstan and Russia) and non-corrupt (UK and USA).\n\n### About this research\n\nThis research was funded by the UK government’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the British Academy through the British Academy\u002FDFID Anti-Corruption Evidence Program. However, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the British Academy or DFID.\n\nFor more information on the wider project and to download other country findings, see the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-governance\u002Fresearch-projects\u002Finformal-governance\">Informal Governance website\u003C\u002Fa>.",[20],[33],"2021-07-12","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fe69b6c35-a012-4988-bae5-c9ad6b23ed41?width=600&height=840","The International Journal of Human Resource Management",[],[517],{"url":518,"caption":380},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F09585192.2021.1945652",[520,524,528],{"authors_id":521},{"id":522,"name":523},365,"Maral Muratbekova-Touron",{"authors_id":525},{"id":526,"name":527},366,"Camila Lee Park",{"authors_id":529},{"id":530,"name":531},367,"Mauro Fracarolli Nunes",[533,537,541,545],{"countries_id":534},{"id":535,"name":536},123,"Kazakhstan",{"countries_id":538},{"id":539,"name":540},188,"Russia",{"countries_id":542},{"id":543,"name":544},225,"Ukraine",{"countries_id":7},[547,549,551],{"tags_id":548},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":550},{"id":312,"name":313},{"tags_id":552},{"id":553,"name":554},1274,"Ethics",[],[30],[15],"2026-05-29T22:22:41.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finsiders-corruption-versus-outsiders-ethicality-individual-responses-conflicting",{"id":561,"slug":562,"title":563,"status":6,"nid":564,"year":565,"body":566,"external":18,"topic":567,"language":15,"type":568,"date_published":570,"image":571,"citation":572,"publisher":177,"link_internal":573,"link_external":577,"authors":578,"countries":583,"tags":586,"pdf":593,"topics":595,"featured":18,"languages":596,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":597,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":598,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":599},2324,"research-case-5","Research Case Study 5: Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption",2550,2023,"Social norms and behaviour change (SNBC) approaches are a promising complement to conventional anti-corruption strategies. Adopting a context-sensitive and nuanced approach is an essential ingredient for success.\n\nWe wanted to understand if and how behavioural approaches can promote anti-corruption outcomes, as well as conditions for success.\n\nTo do this we reviewed research from 2016–2022 on the use of behavioural approaches in anti-corruption practice. We also analysed our practical experience designing and piloting an intervention to tackle social norms of reciprocity which fuel bribery in health facilities in Tanzania.",[20],[569],"Research Case Study","2023-12-05","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fa4b5e14a-9841-4feb-8411-335c9f972aba?width=600&height=840","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Saba Kassa. 2023. ‘Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption.’ Research Case Study 5, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgov- ernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-5.",[574],{"url":575,"caption":576},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Research%20Case%20Study"," View all research case studies",[],[579,581],{"authors_id":580},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":582},{"id":186,"name":187},[584],{"countries_id":585},{"id":68,"name":69},[587,589,591],{"tags_id":588},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":590},{"id":312,"name":313},{"tags_id":592},{"id":210,"name":211},[594],2360,[30],[15],"2023-12-06T11:04:47.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:43.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-5",{"id":601,"slug":602,"title":603,"status":6,"nid":604,"year":565,"body":605,"external":18,"topic":606,"language":15,"type":607,"date_published":608,"image":609,"citation":176,"publisher":177,"link_internal":610,"link_external":611,"authors":612,"countries":619,"tags":624,"pdf":629,"topics":631,"featured":18,"languages":632,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":48,"date_created":633,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":634,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":635},2278,"research-case-2","Research case study 2: Leveraging informal networks for anti-corruption in East Africa",2432,"Citizens and business people may invest significant time and money in building informal networks with public officials to overcome public service delivery shortcomings and access business opportunities. Understanding these networks better can strengthen anti-corruption efforts.\n\nThis research case study gives a brief overview of our Public Governance team's research in Uganda and Tanzania. Through interviews, the team explored when, how and why informal networks are built and used to access public services or business opportunities corruptly.\n\nThe research project described was carried out under the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. All results are freely shareable under a Creative Commons licence.",[20],[569],"2023-05-17","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F7d1b37bc-c9a9-458b-9b5c-5e140061e6dd?width=600&height=840",[],[],[613,615,617],{"authors_id":614},{"id":142,"name":143},{"authors_id":616},{"id":186,"name":187},{"authors_id":618},{"id":190,"name":191},[620,622],{"countries_id":621},{"id":201,"name":202},{"countries_id":623},{"id":68,"name":69},[625,627],{"tags_id":626},{"id":106,"name":107},{"tags_id":628},{"id":312,"name":313},[630],2314,[30],[15],"2023-05-17T10:04:49.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:11.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-2",1780676594919]