[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":666},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-behavioural-influences-attitudes-towards-petty-corruption-study-social-norms-1":3,"related-behavioural-influences-attitudes-towards-petty-corruption-study-social-norms-1":233},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"date_created":8,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":20,"link_internal":22,"link_external":23,"featured":19,"topics":24,"languages":26,"type":27,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"image":29,"countries":41,"tags":73,"pdf":134,"authors":155},1965,"published",null,"2022-04-27T11:55:31.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:05.000Z",200,"behavioural-influences-attitudes-towards-petty-corruption-study-social-norms-1","Behavioural influences on attitudes towards petty corruption: a study of social norms, automatic thinking and mental models in Tanzania","The UK Department for International Development (DFID), through its East Africa Research Fund (EARF), commissioned the Basel Institute on Governance to conduct the research project “Corruption, Social Norms and Behaviours in East Africa” aiming at shedding light into those “[behavioural] factors that influence the propensity for poor people to engage in, resist and report ‘corrupt transactions’” in three East African countries, namely, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.\n\nThis report presents the main findings from the field research activities for the case of Tanzania conducted in collaboration with researchers from the University of Dar es Salaam. The study focused on the health and education sectors.","","English",2017,"UK Department for International Development (DFID) through its East Africa Research Fund (EARF)","2017-12-01",false,[21],"Public Governance",[],[],[25],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance",[15],[28],"Report",{"id":30,"storage":31,"filename_disk":32,"filename_download":33,"title":34,"type":35,"created_on":36,"modified_on":36,"charset":7,"filesize":37,"width":38,"height":39,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":7,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":40,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":36},"43e91cad-6999-4e9a-abfd-f7e0031f914d","local","43e91cad-6999-4e9a-abfd-f7e0031f914d.png","6590bdce-381f-4444-9a09-19ed93d505ca.png","6590bdce 381f 4444 9a09 19ed93d505ca","image\u002Fpng","2022-05-27T22:30:12.000Z",114426,1200,1698,{},[42],{"id":43,"publications_id":44,"countries_id":67},882,{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":47,"link_internal":48,"link_external":49,"featured":19,"topics":50,"languages":51,"type":52,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":53,"tags":54,"pdf":59,"authors":61},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],3834,5023,5024,5025,[60],2009,[62,63,64,65,66],2153,2154,2155,2156,2157,{"id":68,"name":69,"code":70,"latitude":71,"longitude":72},224,"Tanzania","TZ",-6.36903,34.88882,[74,89,104,119],{"id":55,"publications_id":75,"tags_id":86},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":76,"link_internal":77,"link_external":78,"featured":19,"topics":79,"languages":80,"type":81,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":82,"tags":83,"pdf":84,"authors":85},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":87,"name":88},848,"Behavioural science",{"id":56,"publications_id":90,"tags_id":101},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":91,"link_internal":92,"link_external":93,"featured":19,"topics":94,"languages":95,"type":96,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":97,"tags":98,"pdf":99,"authors":100},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":102,"name":103},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"id":57,"publications_id":105,"tags_id":116},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":106,"link_internal":107,"link_external":108,"featured":19,"topics":109,"languages":110,"type":111,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":112,"tags":113,"pdf":114,"authors":115},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":117,"name":118},1381,"Health",{"id":58,"publications_id":120,"tags_id":131},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":121,"link_internal":122,"link_external":123,"featured":19,"topics":124,"languages":125,"type":126,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":127,"tags":128,"pdf":129,"authors":130},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":132,"name":133},1300,"Education",[135],{"id":60,"publications_id":136,"directus_files_id":147},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":137,"link_internal":138,"link_external":139,"featured":19,"topics":140,"languages":141,"type":142,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":143,"tags":144,"pdf":145,"authors":146},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":148,"storage":31,"filename_disk":149,"filename_download":150,"title":150,"type":151,"folder":152,"uploaded_by":45,"created_on":8,"modified_by":7,"modified_on":8,"charset":7,"filesize":153,"width":7,"height":7,"duration":7,"embed":7,"description":154,"location":7,"tags":7,"metadata":7,"focal_point_x":7,"focal_point_y":7,"tus_id":7,"tus_data":7,"uploaded_on":8},"f589a5df-a3e9-41a4-9c88-b90f1ce492d8","f589a5df-a3e9-41a4-9c88-b90f1ce492d8.pdf","earf-tanzania-country-report-12-december-2017-final.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",2839750,"View PDF",[156,172,187,202,217],{"id":62,"publications_id":157,"authors_id":168},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":158,"link_internal":159,"link_external":160,"featured":19,"topics":161,"languages":162,"type":163,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":164,"tags":165,"pdf":166,"authors":167},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":169,"name":170,"position":7,"image":171},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo","efaca248-6b57-4e2e-af40-614056eb022c",{"id":63,"publications_id":173,"authors_id":184},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":174,"link_internal":175,"link_external":176,"featured":19,"topics":177,"languages":178,"type":179,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":180,"tags":181,"pdf":182,"authors":183},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":185,"name":186,"position":7,"image":7},370,"Richard Sambaiga",{"id":64,"publications_id":188,"authors_id":199},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":189,"link_internal":190,"link_external":191,"featured":19,"topics":192,"languages":193,"type":194,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":195,"tags":196,"pdf":197,"authors":198},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":200,"name":201,"position":7,"image":7},378,"Egidius Kamanyi",{"id":65,"publications_id":203,"authors_id":214},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":204,"link_internal":205,"link_external":206,"featured":19,"topics":207,"languages":208,"type":209,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":210,"tags":211,"pdf":212,"authors":213},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":215,"name":216,"position":7,"image":7},354,"Cosimo Stahl",{"id":66,"publications_id":218,"authors_id":229},{"id":5,"status":6,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":8,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":9,"nid":10,"slug":11,"image":30,"title":12,"body":13,"citation":14,"language":15,"year":16,"publisher":17,"date_published":18,"external":19,"topic":219,"link_internal":220,"link_external":221,"featured":19,"topics":222,"languages":223,"type":224,"area":7,"programme":7,"websites":7,"summary":7,"pdf_text":7,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"countries":225,"tags":226,"pdf":227,"authors":228},[21],[],[],[25],[15],[28],[43],[55,56,57,58],[60],[62,63,64,65,66],{"id":230,"name":231,"position":7,"image":232},303,"Saba Kassa","a34de431-6c31-4ddd-8727-12c10dfed9ad",[234,291,333,392,420,473,514,541,580,616],{"id":235,"slug":236,"title":237,"status":6,"nid":238,"year":239,"body":240,"external":19,"topic":241,"language":15,"type":243,"date_published":245,"image":246,"citation":14,"publisher":247,"link_internal":248,"link_external":252,"authors":253,"countries":266,"tags":271,"pdf":284,"topics":286,"featured":19,"languages":287,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":288,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":289,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":290},1796,"policy-brief-7-reducing-social-acceptability-wildlife-trafficking-through-behaviour","Policy Brief 7: Reducing the social acceptability of wildlife trafficking through behaviour change interventions",2058,2021,"Behaviour change interventions aimed at reducing the social acceptability of wildlife trafficking are an important part of efforts to prevent wildlife crime. This policy brief summarises lessons learned about how to develop and frame effective messages in the context of these interventions, based on field work conducted in Uganda. \n\nA key first step is to **narrowly identify the right target audience**. While a general public awareness campaign may have its merits, it may be more effective to focus on those identified as most vulnerable to participating in wildlife trafficking, namely young men, those that live around wildlife trafficking hotspots and those involved in trade.\n\nSecond, it appears most promising to **formulate messages that challenge narrow utilitarian perceptions of wildlife** by highlighting the hidden costs of trafficking and its negative impact on the economy and the environment. Messages that focus on legal risks should showcase successes in detection and sanctions, especially in a context in which impunity is perceived to be high. Other messages that seek to challenge the overvalued benefits of engaging in wildlife trafficking in relation to wealth and social status should be carefully nuanced to avoid rejection.\n\nThird, **how we frame such messages** is equally important. The research suggests that appealing to social identity and highlighting personal consequences are the most promising frames to adopt.\n\nOverall, practitioners are advised to develop and test messages and approaches that are personal and precise.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>, and supports the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Kassa, S., Costa, J., Lugolobi, R. & Baez Camargo, C. (2021) *Reducing the social acceptability of wildlife trafficking through behaviour change interventions*. Policy Brief 7, Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThis report was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.",[242,21],"Green Corruption",[244],"Policy Brief","2021-07-16","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F09d166c2-9325-4327-b308-f5e0890d446d?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance",[249],{"url":250,"caption":251},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Policy%20Brief"," View all Policy Briefs",[],[254,256,260,264],{"authors_id":255},{"id":230,"name":231},{"authors_id":257},{"id":258,"name":259},304,"Jacopo Costa",{"authors_id":261},{"id":262,"name":263},358,"Robert Lugolobi",{"authors_id":265},{"id":169,"name":170},[267],{"countries_id":268},{"id":269,"name":270},226,"Uganda",[272,274,276,280],{"tags_id":273},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":275},{"id":102,"name":103},{"tags_id":277},{"id":278,"name":279},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":281},{"id":282,"name":283},1303,"Environment",[285],1832,[242,25],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:42.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:40.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-7-reducing-social-acceptability-wildlife-trafficking-through-behaviour",{"id":292,"slug":293,"title":294,"status":6,"nid":295,"year":296,"body":297,"external":19,"topic":298,"language":15,"type":299,"date_published":300,"image":301,"citation":14,"publisher":247,"link_internal":302,"link_external":304,"authors":305,"countries":314,"tags":317,"pdf":326,"topics":328,"featured":19,"languages":329,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":330,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":331,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":332},1830,"policy-brief-5-curbing-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-lessons-practitioners","Policy Brief 5: Curbing wildlife trafficking in Uganda: lessons for practitioners",1901,2020,"This policy brief summarises the main findings from extensive field research on the drivers, facilitators and strategies of wildlife trafficking in Uganda. It translates the insights described in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-33-worms-eye-view-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-path-least-resistance\">Working Paper 33: A worm’s-eye view of wildlife trafficking in Uganda\u003C\u002Fa> into recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.\n\nThe research shows that individuals engaging in the first stages of the trading route are driven predominantly by aspirations of wealth to overcome socio-economic hardships. This is reinforced by stereotypes that depict wildlife trade as benign and legitimate.\n\nThe trafficking is also facilitated by weak governance systems that generate high levels of corruption and impunity. In such a context, opportunistic strategies sustain the operations of organised transnational wildlife trafficking networks, not least because of the availability of a ready pool of accomplices who can be co-opted to facilitate the effective consolidation, concealment and corrupt cover of high volumes of wildlife products.\n\nPolicymakers who wish to reduce the attractiveness of Uganda for organised wildlife trafficking networks are advised to consider these factors when designing their interventions.\n\n### About this Policy Brief\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fpublications?type[]=257\">ISSN 2624-9669\u003C\u002Fa>, and supports the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\">Green Corruption programme\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Suggested citation: Kassa, Saba, Jacopo Costa, Robert Lugolobi, and Claudia Baez Camargo. 2021 \"\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-5-curbing-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-lessons-practitioners\">Curbing wildlife trafficking in Uganda: lessons for practitioners.\u003C\u002Fa>\" *Policy Brief* 5, Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThis report was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.",[242,21],[244],"2020-10-27","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F873138a3-6e27-4b38-8866-97faa57c00d3?width=600&height=840",[303],{"url":250,"caption":251},[],[306,308,310,312],{"authors_id":307},{"id":230,"name":231},{"authors_id":309},{"id":258,"name":259},{"authors_id":311},{"id":262,"name":263},{"authors_id":313},{"id":169,"name":170},[315],{"countries_id":316},{"id":269,"name":270},[318,320,322,324],{"tags_id":319},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":321},{"id":102,"name":103},{"tags_id":323},{"id":278,"name":279},{"tags_id":325},{"id":282,"name":283},[327],1869,[242,25],[15],"2022-04-27T11:54:03.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:45.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fpolicy-brief-5-curbing-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-lessons-practitioners",{"id":334,"slug":335,"title":336,"status":6,"nid":337,"year":338,"body":339,"external":19,"topic":340,"language":15,"type":341,"date_published":342,"image":343,"citation":14,"publisher":247,"link_internal":344,"link_external":351,"authors":352,"countries":377,"tags":380,"pdf":385,"topics":387,"featured":19,"languages":388,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":389,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":390,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":391},2227,"TZ-giftgiving","Using behavioural insights to reduce gift giving in a Tanzanian public hospital: Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation",2251,2022,"This is the final technical report of the research project \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Ftanzhealth\u002F\">Addressing bribery in the Tanzanian health sector: A behavioural approach\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nPrevious research has shown that social norms of gift-giving and reciprocity are linked to patterns of bribery in the Tanzanian health sector. Health facility staff that do not accept a gift or reciprocate a favour are often punished by means of gossip, criticism, and even social isolation, further enforcing the norms. On the other hand, gift-giving and bribery exacerbate inequality in access to healthcare, as patients who are able and willing to give gifts might receive preferential treatment at the expense of those who cannot afford them. At the extreme, gifts and other unofficial payments become a requirement for access to services, with life threatening consequences for the most vulnerable groups.\n\nIn this mixed-methods evaluation we aimed to understand the feasibility and potential impact of a multi-component behavioural intervention on rates of gift exchange between users and staff of a public regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The intervention aimed to shift users’ (i.e. patients and individuals accompanying them to the health facility) and health providers’ attitudes and perceived social norms around gift-giving, and to reduce actual exchange of gifts (i.e. the behaviour).\n\nThis research project was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. The project implementation was a collaboration between the Basel Institute on Governance, the UK Behavioural Insights Team, the University of Dar es Salam and the University of Utrecht.\n\nThe technical report is free to share under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence.",[21],[28],"2022-09-08","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fda338e5c-b31c-467a-bf3a-6af8e465fdec?width=600&height=840",[345,348],{"url":346,"caption":347},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-40"," See related Working Paper: Developing anti-corruption interventions addressing social norms: Lessons from a field pilot in Tanzania",{"url":349,"caption":350},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fadopting-peer-led-approach-disseminate-anti-corruption-messages-results-network-survey"," See related paper: Results of the network survey",[],[353,355,359,363,367,371,373],{"authors_id":354},{"id":169,"name":170},{"authors_id":356},{"id":357,"name":358},505,"Violette Gadenne",{"authors_id":360},{"id":361,"name":362},506,"Veronica Mkoji",{"authors_id":364},{"id":365,"name":366},507,"Dilhan Perera",{"authors_id":368},{"id":369,"name":370},508,"Ruth Persian",{"authors_id":372},{"id":185,"name":186},{"authors_id":374},{"id":375,"name":376},509,"Tobias Stark",[378],{"countries_id":379},{"id":68,"name":69},[381,383],{"tags_id":382},{"id":278,"name":279},{"tags_id":384},{"id":117,"name":118},[386],2267,[25],[15],"2022-09-08T10:04:05.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:01.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002FTZ-giftgiving",{"id":393,"slug":394,"title":395,"status":6,"nid":396,"year":338,"body":397,"external":19,"topic":398,"language":15,"type":399,"date_published":342,"image":400,"citation":14,"publisher":247,"link_internal":401,"link_external":405,"authors":406,"countries":409,"tags":412,"pdf":415,"topics":417,"featured":19,"languages":418,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":419,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":390,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":349},2228,"adopting-peer-led-approach-disseminate-anti-corruption-messages-results-network-survey","Adopting a peer-led approach to disseminate anti-corruption messages: Results of the network survey",2266,"This report relates to the research project \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Ftanzhealth\u002F\">Addressing bribery in the Tanzanian health sector: A behavioural approach\u003C\u002Fa>. As part of the project, a pilot behavioural intervention was implemented at a Tanzanian hospital that aimed to shift hospital users’ and health providers’ attitudes and perceived social norms around gift-giving. It also aimed to reduce actual exchanges of gifts.\n\nThe report complements the final technical report from the project, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002FTZ-giftgiving\">Using behavioural insights to reduce gift giving in a Tanzanian public hospital\u003C\u002Fa>, by providing details about the use of social network analysis (SNA) to assess how the information about the intervention was disseminated through the hospital. \n\nIt provides a breakdown of results, the questionnaire used in the surveys, and methodological notes for future studies.\n\nThe research project as a whole was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. The project implementation was a collaboration between the Basel Institute on Governance, the UK Behavioural Insights Team, the University of Dar es Salam and the University of Utrecht.\n\nThe technical report is free to share under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence.",[21],[28],"https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F1362ac97-afa2-498c-8376-88b4f37a6818?width=600&height=840",[402,404],{"url":391,"caption":403}," See related technical report: Using behavioural insights to reduce gift giving in a Tanzanian public hospital: Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation",{"url":346,"caption":347},[],[407],{"authors_id":408},{"id":375,"name":376},[410],{"countries_id":411},{"id":68,"name":69},[413],{"tags_id":414},{"id":87,"name":88},[416],2268,[25],[15],"2022-09-08T10:04:07.000Z",{"id":421,"slug":422,"title":423,"status":6,"nid":424,"year":239,"body":425,"external":19,"topic":426,"language":15,"type":427,"date_published":429,"image":430,"citation":14,"publisher":431,"link_internal":432,"link_external":442,"authors":443,"countries":452,"tags":457,"pdf":466,"topics":468,"featured":19,"languages":469,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":470,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":471,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":472},1779,"informal-networks-investment-east-africa","Informal networks as investment in East Africa",2126,"This report presents findings from a research project entitled \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Finformality\u002F\">Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments\u003C\u002Fa>” funded by UK Aid as part of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE).\n\nThe project follows from a previous research project where the Basel Institute on Governance, in partnership with University College London and SOAS, researched informality and its relationship with corruption and governance in seven countries in East Africa and Central Asia. The findings from that research project suggested that corruption often takes place according to informal, unwritten rules. The findings from the seven countries supported the following observation:\n\n\n“Corruption is most often not the result from the actions of a few, individual rotten apples operating in otherwise healthy governance systems; rather corruption is orchestrated by informal social networks that connect actors in the public and private realms and enable the pursuit of a variety of intransparent, often illicit, goals.”\n\n\nIn our current research project, we have aimed to understand how informal networks that are associated with different types of corruption are exactly articulated, operationalised and managed, with a view to distilling lessons of value to anti-corruption practitioners.\n\nThe present report sheds light on the functioning of informal networks in East Africa, based on evidence collected in Tanzania and Uganda. The report presents evidence, consisting of ten mini-case studies (six from Tanzania and four from Uganda) that describe informal networks associated with bribery and procurement fraud. The 10 cases are also analysed and implications for anti-corruption practice discussed.",[21],[428,28],"Article","2021-11-02","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fe420805b-118f-48cb-8bff-675352716c10?width=600&height=840","Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE)",[433,436,439],{"url":434,"caption":435},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-studies-tanzania-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption"," View case studies from Tanzania",{"url":437,"caption":438},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fcase-studies-uganda-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption"," View case studies from Uganda",{"url":440,"caption":441},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fbribery-isnt-only-an-exchange-of-money-what-new-research-tells-us-about-how-informal-networks-enable-corruption-and-vice-versa-2129"," View blog\u002Fshort summary by Claudia Baez Camargo",[],[444,446,448],{"authors_id":445},{"id":169,"name":170},{"authors_id":447},{"id":258,"name":259},{"authors_id":449},{"id":450,"name":451},359,"Lucy Koechlin",[453,455],{"countries_id":454},{"id":68,"name":69},{"countries_id":456},{"id":269,"name":270},[458,460,462],{"tags_id":459},{"id":278,"name":279},{"tags_id":461},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":463},{"id":464,"name":465},1309,"Informality",[467],1804,[25],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:30.000Z","2026-06-02T14:10:29.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Finformal-networks-investment-east-africa",{"id":474,"slug":475,"title":476,"status":6,"nid":477,"year":239,"body":478,"external":19,"topic":479,"language":15,"type":480,"date_published":429,"image":482,"citation":14,"publisher":431,"link_internal":483,"link_external":486,"authors":487,"countries":498,"tags":501,"pdf":508,"topics":510,"featured":19,"languages":511,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":512,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":513,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":434},1781,"case-studies-tanzania-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption","Case studies from Tanzania: GI-ACE research on informal networks and corruption",2127,"The six case studies in this collection form part of a research project entitled \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Finformality\u002F\">Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments\u003C\u002Fa>” funded by UK Aid as part of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE).\n\nThe research project aimed to understand how informal networks that are associated with different types of corruption are exactly articulated, operationalised and managed, with a view to distilling lessons of value to anti-corruption practitioners.\n\nThe case studies describe informal networks associated with bribery and procurement fraud. They include visual graphics of the informal networks and connections between different actors.\n\nTogether with the research report and four case studies from Uganda, they shed light on the functioning of informal networks in East Africa. The case studies were prepared with Dr. Danstan Mukono of the University of Dar es Salaam.\n\nContents:\n\n\n- Seeking tax clearance through informal networks in Dar es Salaam\n- Informal networking and tendering practices in local government\n- Informal networks and transactional exchange in the transportation sector\n- Informal networking for business startup\n- Informal networking and the formalization of unplanned urban land\n- Informal connections and favoritism in service levies and business licences\n",[21],[481,28],"Case Study","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F85e1aab5-d43f-4914-b5d4-f329dbb696a7?width=600&height=840",[484],{"url":472,"caption":485}," View main research report",[],[488,490,492,494],{"authors_id":489},{"id":169,"name":170},{"authors_id":491},{"id":258,"name":259},{"authors_id":493},{"id":450,"name":451},{"authors_id":495},{"id":496,"name":497},362,"Danstan Mukono",[499],{"countries_id":500},{"id":68,"name":69},[502,504,506],{"tags_id":503},{"id":278,"name":279},{"tags_id":505},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":507},{"id":464,"name":465},[509],1806,[25],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:32.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:07.000Z",{"id":515,"slug":516,"title":517,"status":6,"nid":386,"year":338,"body":518,"external":19,"topic":519,"language":15,"type":520,"date_published":521,"image":522,"citation":14,"publisher":247,"link_internal":523,"link_external":524,"authors":525,"countries":528,"tags":529,"pdf":534,"topics":536,"featured":19,"languages":537,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":538,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":539,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":540},2234,"behavioural-insights-and-anti-corruption","Behavioural insights and anti-corruption: Executive summary of a practitioner-tailored review of the latest evidence (2016–2022)","Donors, governments and anti-corruption practitioners seeking alternative tools to address systemic corruption are increasingly turning to behavioural science. Behavioural anti-corruption approaches appear promising because they respond to a growing body of descriptive evidence on how certain social norms and mental models drive corruption, particularly in fragile contexts. Interventions that target social norms and seek to shift people’s behaviours away from corrupt practices could be more effective and long-lasting than ones that, for example, simply add more regulations and controls.\n\nYet few large-scale anti-corruption programmes have so far been informed by behavioural insights – in part due to a lack of evidence on where such an approach would be appropriate, what works and what doesn’t. \n\nThat evidence is slowly becoming available, thanks to an increase in the past five years in what can be called Social Norms and Behaviour Change (SNBC) intervention studies. Many have yielded positive effects and demonstrate the potential of SNBC interventions to tackle systemic corruption, but some studies have encountered counterproductive effects of anti-corruption messaging. \n\nBased on a synthesis of the evidence, this brief paper summarises a set of behavioural explanations (i.e. insights and pitfalls) for why some of these SNBC approaches have failed, while others have been effective. The aim is to provide practitioners designing SNBC interventions with evidence to help them develop effective programmes and avoid common pitfalls.\n\nThe full research paper and analysis tables are available to practitioners upon request. Please email \u003Ca href=\"mailto:info@baselgovernance.org\">info@baselgovernance.org\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\n### Acknowledgements and open-access licence\n\nThe publication is a technical report published by the Basel Institute on Governance. It is free to share under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>) licence.\n\nThis is a short version of a substantial in-depth review of the latest evidence (2016-21) on how SNBC approaches can inform anti-corruption practice. The publication was supported by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The contents of this publication do not represent the official position of either BMZ or GIZ.",[21],[28],"2022-10-10","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fbebee1ea-a781-4771-8ec0-b9e473e302c8?width=600&height=840",[],[],[526],{"authors_id":527},{"id":215,"name":216},[],[530,532],{"tags_id":531},{"id":278,"name":279},{"tags_id":533},{"id":87,"name":88},[535],2276,[25],[15],"2022-10-10T16:04:11.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:08.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fbehavioural-insights-and-anti-corruption",{"id":542,"slug":543,"title":544,"status":6,"nid":545,"year":338,"body":546,"external":19,"topic":547,"language":15,"type":548,"date_published":549,"image":550,"citation":14,"publisher":551,"link_internal":552,"link_external":553,"authors":557,"countries":564,"tags":565,"pdf":574,"topics":575,"featured":19,"languages":576,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":577,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":578,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":579},2195,"wp-39","Working Paper 39: Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade – Problem analysis and state of the field review",2210,"This Problem Analysis is a review of the efficacy and opportunities for using social norm and behaviour change (SNBC) approaches to combat illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and other natural resource-related corruption.\n\nBehavioural science is a rich and expansive field that has received prominent coverage in recent years for the promise it offers as a foundational yet underutilised approach to achieving biodiversity conservation. Extensive literature shows how SNBC initiatives can help combat diverse corruption problems, although for those related to natural resource management the evidence for doing so is sparse.\n\nThis report synthesises the available information and suggests the next steps to redress this current lack of evidence. It seeks to:\n\n\n- Understand what SNBC approaches might or might not work in fighting corruption.\n- Identify entry points for designing SNBC interventions that can effectively reduce corruption related to IWT.\n\n\n### About and acknowledgements\n\nThis Analysis has been produced in association with the Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project. The TNRC project is working to improve biodiversity outcomes by helping practitioners to address the threats posed by corruption to wildlife, fisheries and forests. TNRC harnesses existing knowledge, generates new evidence, and supports innovative policy and practice for more effective anti-corruption programming. Learn more at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftnrcproject.org\">tnrcproject.org\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nThis publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government, or individual TNRC consortium members.\n\nThe publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, ISSN: 2624-9650. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Gayle Burgess. 2022. “Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade: Problem analysis and state of the field review.” Working Paper 39, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39\u003C\u002Fa>",[242,21],[428,28],"2022-06-01","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9f6e8d24-9468-43cb-949d-bdbd25d35adb?width=600&height=840","Basel Institute on Governance; TRAFFIC",[],[554],{"url":555,"caption":556},"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.zoom.us\u002Fwebinar\u002Fregister\u002FWN_VUh1-aisS-Su1Cuwc8vWlA"," Register for virtual event - 27 June 2022",[558,560],{"authors_id":559},{"id":169,"name":170},{"authors_id":561},{"id":562,"name":563},501,"Gayle Burgess",[],[566,570,572],{"tags_id":567},{"id":568,"name":569},804,"Natural resources",{"tags_id":571},{"id":282,"name":283},{"tags_id":573},{"id":87,"name":88},[515],[242,25],[15],"2022-06-09T13:42:35.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:04.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-39",{"id":581,"slug":582,"title":583,"status":6,"nid":584,"year":239,"body":585,"external":19,"topic":586,"language":15,"type":587,"date_published":429,"image":588,"citation":14,"publisher":431,"link_internal":589,"link_external":591,"authors":592,"countries":601,"tags":604,"pdf":611,"topics":613,"featured":19,"languages":614,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":615,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":513,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":437},1780,"case-studies-uganda-gi-ace-research-informal-networks-and-corruption","Case studies from Uganda: GI-ACE research on informal networks and corruption",2128,"The four case studies in this collection form part of a research project entitled \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Face.globalintegrity.org\u002Fprojects\u002Finformality\u002F\">Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments\u003C\u002Fa>” funded by UK Aid as part of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE).\n\nThe research project aimed to understand how informal networks that are associated with different types of corruption are exactly articulated, operationalised and managed, with a view to distilling lessons of value to anti-corruption practitioners.\n\nThe case studies describe informal networks associated with bribery and procurement fraud. They include visual graphics of the informal networks and connections between different actors.\n\nTogether with the research report and six case studies from Tanzania, they shed light on the functioning of informal networks in East Africa. The case studies were prepared with the help of Robert Lugolobi, independent consultant.\n\nContents:\n\n\n- The use of informal networks to obtain a driver’s licence\n- Network transactions involving the land registration office\n- Informal networks in the transport, tour and ticketing business\n- Informal networks in the chemical sector\n",[21],[481,28],"https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fbe33fcbd-b6ba-4d26-81e8-3f5d7ced9085?width=600&height=840",[590],{"url":472,"caption":485},[],[593,595,597,599],{"authors_id":594},{"id":169,"name":170},{"authors_id":596},{"id":258,"name":259},{"authors_id":598},{"id":450,"name":451},{"authors_id":600},{"id":262,"name":263},[602],{"countries_id":603},{"id":269,"name":270},[605,607,609],{"tags_id":606},{"id":278,"name":279},{"tags_id":608},{"id":87,"name":88},{"tags_id":610},{"id":464,"name":465},[612],1805,[25],[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:31.000Z",{"id":617,"slug":618,"title":619,"status":6,"nid":620,"year":239,"body":621,"external":19,"topic":622,"language":15,"type":625,"date_published":627,"image":628,"citation":14,"publisher":247,"link_internal":629,"link_external":636,"authors":637,"countries":640,"tags":641,"pdf":658,"topics":660,"featured":19,"languages":662,"summary":7,"programme":7,"area":7,"websites":7,"pdf_text":7,"sort":7,"user_created":45,"date_created":663,"user_updated":46,"date_updated":664,"main_points":7,"short_version":7,"subtitle":7,"link":665},1798,"working-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes","Working Paper 36: Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography",2050,"This working paper is based on an empirical investigation of corruption and illicit exchange related to the so-called “Lava Jato” or “Odebrecht” scandal. Focusing on former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and his laundering of bribes obtained from the construction giant Odebrecht, the analysis aims to test the usefulness of applying a network lens to better understand the mechanisms underlying grand corruption cases. It also aims to further illuminate the nexus between corruption and money laundering and the role of hidden and offshore financial infrastructures in facilitating the illicit schemes. \n\nThe research used a combination of social network analysis and network ethnography techniques to explore the following questions: \n\n\n- How do money laundering activities and offshore financial infrastructures sustain corruption? \n- Who are the key actors involved, how do they interact and what is their division of labour? \n- How do actors and clusters govern the social-financial web of relations? \n\n\nAnswering these questions with empirical evidence related to a specific case makes it possible to better understand how the connection between corruption and money laundering using offshore financial infrastructure works. It also supports the emerging understanding of corruption as a collective, transnational and financially advanced phenomenon. \n\n### About this report\n\nThis paper is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper Series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications?type[]=255\">ISSN: 2624-9650\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nIt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). \n\nSuggested citation: Costa, J., 2021. *Revealing the networks behind corruption and money laundering schemes: an analysis of the Toledo–Odebrecht case using social network analysis and network ethnography*. Working Paper 36, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes\">https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-net…\u003C\u002Fa>",[623,624,21],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery",[28,626],"Working Paper","2021-07-08","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fb9766eed-37a9-40e2-97d0-3b05e149b633?width=600&height=840",[630,633],{"url":631,"caption":632},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-analysis-of-the-toledo-odebrecht-case-illuminates-the-complex-transnational-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes-2051"," Summary \u002F blog by author",{"url":634,"caption":635},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[],[638],{"authors_id":639},{"id":258,"name":259},[],[642,646,648,650,654],{"tags_id":643},{"id":644,"name":645},879,"Money laundering",{"tags_id":647},{"id":464,"name":465},{"tags_id":649},{"id":102,"name":103},{"tags_id":651},{"id":652,"name":653},818,"Anti-money laundering",{"tags_id":655},{"id":656,"name":657},973,"Corruption",[659],1833,[623,661,25],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[15],"2022-04-27T11:53:43.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:41.000Z","\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-36-revealing-networks-behind-corruption-and-money-laundering-schemes",1780676579862]