[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":287},["ShallowReactive",2],{"news-in-memory-of-nick-staite-2576":3,"news-in-memory-of-nick-staite-2576-similar":40,"i-heroicons:arrow-left-20-solid":282},[4],{"id":5,"status":6,"date_created":7,"date_updated":8,"title":9,"type":10,"body":11,"date":12,"topic":13,"slug":15,"activity":16,"nid":17,"topics":18,"activities":19,"programme":20,"area":20,"websites":21,"language":20,"image":23,"translation_of":20,"countries":34,"tags":35,"authors":36,"images":37,"translations":38,"content":39},10415,"published","2024-02-01T17:01:33.000Z","2025-08-31T23:14:40.000Z","In memory of Nick Staite","News","We pay tribute to our dear friend and colleague Nick Staite, who passed away on 15 January 2024.\n\nNick had a long and distinguished career in law before joining the Basel Institute on Governance in 2015.\n\nA University of Oxford graduate, Nick trained as a solicitor in London before joining the UK’s Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). During his 28 years at the CPS, he led the prosecutions of a host of serious and organised crimes, from drug and human trafficking to fraud, conspiracy and money laundering. In many of these cases, he was responsible for securing the restraint and confiscation of criminal assets both domestically and internationally.\n\nAs a CPS trainer, Nick used his talent for training and mentoring to build the capacity of police and aspiring Crown Court advocates in investigating and prosecuting serious and organised crimes and in managing complex, multi-jurisdictional cases.\n\nAt the Basel Institute, Nick worked with our International Centre for Asset Recovery team in Eastern and Southern Africa. He was part of a pioneer team in Malawi brought in to support authorities in tackling one of the country’s most notorious corruption cases, and was instrumental in anchoring financial investigation and confiscation techniques in the practices of our Malawi counterparts. \n\nAlso in Malawi, and later in Kenya and Tanzania, he helped build stronger laws, practices and policies. These are now put to good work to recover illicit assets and fight for societies with less corruption and less poverty. These overarching goals were Nick’s main professional motivation, as he was driven of course by his legal curiosity, but more importantly by the conviction that one can, and one should, aim to make a difference.  \n\nNick was also a constant source of knowledge and inspiration to colleagues, always the first to freely help solve complex legal conundrums with his boundless knowledge of law and jurisprudence. Colleagues at the Basel Institute speak of Nick’s _“resourcefulness”_ and _“willingness to share his rich experience”._ \n\n_“He would never sleep until he found the answer to a difficult legal issue,”_ said one colleague. Another commented that _“he was not only really insightful but made everyone around him feel happy and at ease.”_\n\nMentoring was indeed his passion, and he developed strong professional and personal bonds with the people he worked with no matter who they were, how important they were, or where they came from. He was an uncle to some, a grandpa to others, a brother, a dear friend, a mentor. Our Managing Director Gretta Fenner remembers: \n\n> _“Nick had a huge heart of gold and a beautiful sense of humour. He was also an outstanding professional and a brilliant legal mind. He has enriched our work and shared generously his experience and expertise.”_ \n\nNick’s love for Africa and its people was not only evident in his dedication to the work with our partners. Very early on during his time in Malawi, along with colleagues and others, he supported a local charity that used art to raise funds for the “Streetwise” orphanage in Mwambwakanthu, near the capital Lilongwe. His compassion and generosity knew no bounds and from helping to purchase land, he and colleagues helped to build a school and subsequently a second community building to support the local people. His support to sustainable projects for Streetwise continued right until the end. \n\nNick will stay in our memories and the legacy of his efforts will live on in the lives of the many people he helped and supported throughout his career. Our thoughts are with his family and friends. Rest in peace, dear friend. You will always be part of the Basel family.","2024-02-01",[14],"","in-memory-of-nick-staite-2576",[14],2576,[],[],null,[22],"Main page",{"id":24,"storage":25,"filename_disk":26,"filename_download":27,"title":9,"type":28,"created_on":29,"modified_on":29,"charset":20,"filesize":30,"width":31,"height":32,"duration":20,"embed":20,"description":20,"location":20,"tags":20,"metadata":33,"focal_point_x":20,"focal_point_y":20,"tus_id":20,"tus_data":20,"uploaded_on":29},"0742aab6-a59a-440f-93a3-631d4aaa8684","local","0742aab6-a59a-440f-93a3-631d4aaa8684.webp","tmp.webp","image\u002Fwebp","2025-05-12T21:11:11.000Z",87958,1400,999,{},[],[],[],[],[],[],[41,65,89,112,140,167,192,222,261],{"id":42,"body":43,"status":6,"type":10,"date":44,"slug":45,"title":46,"image":47,"countries":48,"topic":49,"activity":50,"tags":51,"nid":52,"topics":53,"activities":54,"authors":55,"images":56,"websites":57,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":58,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":60,"user_updated":61,"date_updated":62,"content":63,"link":64},10259,"In memory of Jan Cristoph Richter, 13.9.1975 - 31.1.2012\n\nWe mourn the death of\n\n> Dr. Jan Christoph Richter, 13.9.1975 - 31.1.2012 whose sudden passing has shocked us deeply. His active and dedicated engagement for a more just and fair world was inspiring. We will remember him as a committed, enthusiastic and inspirational colleague and friend. We will duly honor his memory. _Basel Institute on Governance, Members of the Board and Team_\n\nWir trauern um\n\n> Dr. Jan Christoph Richter, 13.9.1975 – 31.1.2012  dessen Tod uns zutiefst erschüttert hat. Sein tatkräftiger Einsatz für eine gerechtere Welt war inspirierend. Wir behalten ihn in Erinnerung als engagierten, begeisterungsfähigen und begeisternden Kollegen und Freund und werden ihm ein gebührendes Andenken bewahren. _Basel Institute on Governance, Stiftungsrat und Team_","2012-01-10","we-mourn-the-death-of-dr-jan-christoph-richter-356","We mourn the death of Dr. Jan Christoph Richter","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fd0f7f0dc-0e81-4180-9354-00bde9505254?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[],[14],[14],[],356,[],[],[],[],[22],[],"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","2022-05-26T22:59:37.000Z","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30","2025-08-31T23:14:59.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fwe-mourn-the-death-of-dr-jan-christoph-richter-356",{"id":66,"body":67,"status":6,"type":10,"date":68,"slug":69,"title":70,"image":71,"countries":72,"topic":73,"activity":76,"tags":78,"nid":79,"topics":80,"activities":81,"authors":82,"images":83,"websites":84,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":85,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":86,"user_updated":61,"date_updated":8,"content":87,"link":88},10451,"Congratulations to the winners of the [2024 Anti-Corruption Collective Action Awards](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fawards), presented by the Basel Institute on Governance with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nThe awards were presented on 25 June 2024, at the end of the first day of the [International Collective Action Conference 2024](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024) in Basel, Switzerland. You can watch part of the ceremony [here](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=I13AJz1v15o&list=PLYRnhpCcnLP9vG5x9LK9p9Z-4SniNYhF_&index=10).\n\n### Gretta Fenner Outstanding Achievement Award\n\nIn the category of Outstanding Achievement in Collective Action 2024, the award goes to the Agribusiness Anti-Corruption Collective Action in Brazil, which aims to enhance integrity within Brazil’s agribusuiness sector and its supply chain.\n\nOrganisations and initiatives awarded in this category have made significant contributions towards fairer market conditions and the prevention of corruption through their engagement in Collective Action.\n\nThe award has been renamed the Gretta Fenner Outstanding Achievement in Collective Action Award in memory of the Basel Institute’s late Managing Director. Gemma Aiolfi, who led the Basel Institute's Compliance and Collective Action efforts for many years, gave a [moving speech in memory of Gretta](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fgemma-aiolfi-tribute-gretta-fenner-5th-international-collective-action-conference), who did so much to promote anti-corruption Collective Action and other multi-stakeholder coalitions over her nearly 20-year leadership of the Basel Institute.\n\n### Inspiring Newcomer Award\n\nIn the category of Inspirational Newcomer, the award goes to the Transparency 100% Movement of the UN Global Compact Network Brazil. The initiative encourages companies in Brazil to go beyond legal requirements and commit to five ambitious transparency goals for 2023.\n\nOrganisations and initiatives awarded in this category have been active in the field of Collective Action for less than two years.\n\n### Finalists from Canada to Colombia and Cameroon to Azerbaijan\n\nWe wholeheartedly congratulate the winners and all our shortlisted initiatives, who continue to be shining examples for great Collective Action work in the anti-corruption field.\n\nIn the category of Outstanding Achievement, the finalists were:\n\n*   End Snow-Washing Coalition, which aims to address money laundering in Canada by advocating for a public beneficial ownership registry.\n*   Water Sector Action for Governance and Business Efficiency, which aims to enhance governance, business efficiency, transparency and service quality in the water and sanitation sector in Colombia.\n\nIn the category of Inspirational Newcomer, the finalists were:\n\n*   Global Integrity Partnership, which seeks to strengthen fairer competition in business in Cameroon with a focus on SMEs.\n*   Strengthening Civic Vigilance: Empowering Citizen Engagement in Detecting and Reporting Corruption, which aims to support and raise awareness on whistleblower protection in Azerbaijan.\n\n### Jury selection and public vote\n\nAn expert jury reviewed all nominated initiatives and shortlisted the finalists before opening up to a public vote. The jury consisted of a senior member of the Basel Institute (Vanessa Hans, Head of Private Sector) and three leading figures in the anti-corruption Collective Action community:\n\n*   Gilbert Sendugwa, Senior Regional Manager for Africa at the CoST – Infrastructure Transparency Initiative\n*   Cecilia Müller Torbrand, CEO of the Maritime Anti-Corruption Network\n*   Phrommet Bencharongkit of the Thai Private Sector Collective Action Against Corruption (Thai CAC).\n\nAll three represent previous winners of the international or regional Collective Action awards presented in 2022 or 2023. Gilbert and Phrommet presented the awards in the respective categories.\n\n### Learn more and see previous awards\n\n*   For those interested in the selection process, the public vote and the general awards methodology, as well as previous award winners, please find our [awards methodology here](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fawards).\n*   Read the [speech by Gemma Aiolfi](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fgemma-aiolfi-tribute-gretta-fenner-5th-international-collective-action-conference) in memory of Gretta Fenner.","2024-06-24","announcing-the-winners-of-2024-anti-corruption-collective-action-awards-2645","Announcing the winners of 2024 Anti-Corruption Collective Action Awards","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F9fdb7897-d7f8-4c0e-a8f8-2682d7167704?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[],[74,75],"Collective Action","Private Sector",[77],"Partnerships",[],2645,[74,75],[77],[],[],[22,74],[],"2024-06-24T22:01:32.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fannouncing-the-winners-of-2024-anti-corruption-collective-action-awards-2645",{"id":90,"body":91,"status":6,"type":92,"date":93,"slug":94,"title":95,"image":96,"countries":97,"topic":98,"activity":99,"tags":100,"nid":101,"topics":102,"activities":103,"authors":104,"images":106,"websites":107,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":108,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":109,"user_updated":61,"date_updated":8,"content":110,"link":111},10452,"Gemma Aiolfi led the Basel Institute’s Compliance and Collective Action work for many years, working closely with our late Managing Director [Gretta Fenner](https:\u002F\u002Fgretta.baselgovernance.org\u002F) as well as our former President Mark Pieth to transform private-sector engagement in the fight against corruption.\n\nAt the [5th International Collective Action Conference](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Ficac-2024) on 24 June 2024, Gemma spoke of Gretta’s passion and efforts over the years to promote and support Collective Action approaches and initiatives. Her speech, which you can [watch here](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=I13AJz1v15o&list=PLYRnhpCcnLP9vG5x9LK9p9Z-4SniNYhF_&index=10), preceded the prize-giving ceremony for the 2024 International Anti-Corruption Collective Action Awards, in which one of the Awards has been renamed in memory of Gretta.\n\n> It is a pleasure and privilege for me to announce that the Outstanding Achievement Award is being renamed in honour and recognition of Gretta Fenner’s commitment to Collective Action, over all the years that she led the Institute.\n> \n> In fact, her approach to collaboration, bringing people together, breaking down silos and seeking practical solutions to difficult problems, really started when she first began her professional career at the OECD, when she convened multi-stakeholder meetings in the Asia-Pacific region in the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami.\n> \n> And so it’s fitting that the Basel Institute’s Private Sector team continues to work with the OECD to support and develop anti-corruption Collective Action in that region. \n> \n> As many of you may know, Collective Action was the initial inspiration for establishing the Basel Institute. Our founder, Professor Mark Pieth, was closely involved in the Wolfsberg Group and the World Economic Forum’s Partnering Against Corruption Initiative. He had an ambition to help the private sector to prevent corruption as a complementary approach to his work at the OECD to criminalise bribery through laws and regulations. In those days we called these multi-stakeholder efforts “industry standards”.\n> \n> So when Gretta first joined the institute, “Collective Action” as a term for anti-corruption initiatives wasn’t yet part of the terminology. But she embraced the concept because it resonated with her. And she supported the World Economic Forum and Wolfsberg Group initiatives as part of building up the Institute, in those early days.\n> \n> I think it’s fair to say that her belief in the power of collaboration between governments, companies and civil society really informed the way she believed the Institute itself should approach its work. Not only in the Private Sector team, but also in asset recovery, green corruption and the training methodologies as well.\n> \n> Gretta personified all the positive and good elements that we need and talk about in Collective Action: She had the rare gift of being a very good listener, courageous, innovative, diplomatic, mostly optimistic, and she was also a realist.\n> \n> So we had many discussions over the years about how to raise awareness about Collective Action, to mainstream it into a norm and to make it part of the toolkit to address corruption.\n> \n> She recognised that improving private-sector compliance programmes presented an opportunity to suggest Collective Action as a way to reduce corruption risks in challenging markets. She supported and advocated for its inclusion in the OECD Anti-Bribery Recommendation, as well as in other guidance and policy documents, such as in National Anti-Corruption Strategies.\n> \n> Whenever Gretta returned to the office from her international travels and meetings she was always excited to tell us about any glimmer of an opportunity to promote Collective Action in a particular location or with a potential partner.\n> \n> While Gretta emphasised that each sector has its own unique role and responsibility, she also knew that it’s only through joint efforts that we can create sustainable and impactful solutions to combat bribery.\n> \n> She saw the bigger picture, and knew how to bring it all together: Governments must establish robust legal frameworks and enforce anti-bribery laws; businesses should foster cultures of integrity and implement stringent compliance measures; and civil society can hold both public and private sectors accountable, as well as act as facilitators of Collective Action initiatives.\n> \n> For those of you who have attended our Collective Action conferences over the last 10 years, or participated in any of the other many meetings around the world, I’m sure you’ll recall Gretta’s grace, determination and great sense of humour.\n> \n> I do believe she would have been modestly delighted to know that the Award for Outstanding Achievement in Collective Action is now being given in her name. Thank you.","Blog","2024-06-25","gemma-aiolfi-tribute-to-gretta-fenner-at-the-5th-international-collective-action-conference-2646","Gemma Aiolfi: Tribute to Gretta Fenner at the 5th International Collective Action Conference","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fe267bdce-c3ce-4503-9ec0-f6c3a5cfeb1c?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[],[74,75],[14],[],2646,[74,75],[],[105],1112,[],[22,74],[],"2024-06-25T10:01:40.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fgemma-aiolfi-tribute-to-gretta-fenner-at-the-5th-international-collective-action-conference-2646",{"id":113,"body":114,"status":6,"type":92,"date":115,"slug":116,"title":117,"image":118,"countries":119,"topic":121,"activity":123,"tags":125,"nid":126,"topics":127,"activities":129,"authors":130,"images":132,"websites":133,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":134,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":135,"user_updated":136,"date_updated":137,"content":138,"link":139},10475,"> If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together. African Proverb\n\nThe current corruption scandals that are besetting Malawi are unprecedented and continue to rock the country and its political classes. The Cashgate scandal, as it has become known, broke in September 2013 when the former Budget Director, Paul Mphwiyo, was shot in a failed assassination attempt. The violent incident led to the exposure of a systematic and organised looting of public finances that involved some ten Ministries, and investigations in the office of the Accountant General revealed that significant sums of government money had been lost.\n\nA subsequent forensic audit of suspect transactions for the months April to October 2013 exposed the scale of the scandal.\n\nThe means of defrauding the Malawian public was, surprisingly, rather straightforward. In 2005 the government had developed an Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) to support government departments in their budgeting, accounting and reporting. Critically, IFMIS also managed payments to suppliers, approved in compliance with check and control procedures, leading to the printing of Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM) cheques at the Accountant General’s Department.\n\nBy 2011 the system was already suspected to be corrupt but the warning signs were missed and\u002For covered up. By 2013, IFMIS was issuing large numbers of government cheques for services never delivered that were cashed at speed through the commercial banks. Once the cheques had been extracted from the RBM the corrupt public officials then deleted the cheques from the system. Large numbers of business-persons used their accounts to launder the proceeds and dissipate the proceeds in cash.\n\nThe total loss to Malawi in IFMIS and other related frauds now stands at in excess of MKA 15 billion (over $282M).\n\nNot surprisingly, confidence in the government is now at an all time low with some [72% of Malawians](http:\u002F\u002Fafrobarometer.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fmedia-briefing\u002Fmalawi\u002Fmlw_r6_presentation2_econ_trust.pdf) expressing concern at the handling of the Cashgate scandal.\n\nMalawi’s response has, according to many, been protracted – with only some 8 convictions to date after numerous arrests were made in late 2013. Assets restrained and confiscated have been minimal. However, a closer examination reveals that Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) and the Anti Corruption Bureau (ACB) are moving ahead, deploying novel legal techniques that will provide Malawi with some chance to restore public confidence in the rule of law by investigating and prosecuting both the launderers of the money and the higher ranking masterminds of the Cashgate scandal.\n\nThe endorsement by the DPP of plea bargaining rules and the use of more forensic skills and international expertise in the ACB and the DPP are yielding results. The use of the new plea bargaining rules has now led to a number of guilty pleas, opening up the prospect of further trials against the key players. Greater collaboration with the judiciary, still at a delicate stage given many of the new legal issues inherent in such cases, is leading to improvements in investigations, prosecutions and, in due course, safe convictions.\n\nThe greater use of restraint powers to confiscate the proceeds of the Cashgate crimes will follow, although the law presents significant challenges.\n\nIf the prosecution of some of the Cashgate crimes is successful and some of the stolen assets are recovered, it will be due to the commitment, coordination and considerable bravery of the staff of the DPP, ACB and others in law enforcement. This will go a long way in restoring public confidence in the country. It would seem that this time grand corruption in Africa has an enemy worthy of the fight.\n\nThis article is dedicated to the memory of Issa Njauju the Director of Corporate Services of the Anti Corruption Bureau, who was murdered in July 2015, allegedly in connection with the Cashgate investigations.","2015-09-12","malawis-cashgate-crisis-an-african-corruption-metaphor-or-a-sign-of-hope-285","Malawi’s Cashgate Crisis – an African corruption metaphor or a sign of hope?","\u002Fpics\u002Fimg-placeholder.png",[120],7696,[122],"Asset Recovery",[124],"Insights",[],285,[128],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[124],[131],1313,[],[22],[],"2024-08-13T22:02:19.000Z","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6","2026-05-29T22:22:32.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fmalawis-cashgate-crisis-an-african-corruption-metaphor-or-a-sign-of-hope-285",{"id":141,"body":142,"status":6,"type":92,"date":143,"slug":144,"title":145,"image":146,"countries":147,"topic":148,"activity":149,"tags":151,"nid":156,"topics":157,"activities":158,"authors":159,"images":160,"websites":161,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":162,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":163,"user_updated":136,"date_updated":164,"content":165,"link":166},10494,"Shenaz Muzaffer, General Counsel of the [International Association of Prosecutors](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iap-association.org\u002F), spoke at the [8th Global Conference on Criminal Finances and Cryptocurrencies](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fcryptocurrencies-and-financial-crime-strategic-approach-ensure-security) in a panel on “practical challenges in the investigation and prosecution of crypto-related financial crimes.” The two-day conference was co-organised by Europol and the Basel Institute on Governance and hosted by UNODC.\n\nThis Q&A takes up the main points of her intervention on prosecuting crypto-related cases.\n\n### Where do you see the main challenge for prosecutors in cases involving cryptocurrencies?\n\nCriminals are increasingly using crypto assets to facilitate the commission of their offences and to launder the proceeds of crime. Cryptocurrencies are being used to commit traditional crimes in new and innovative ways, as well as to commit new types of offences.\n\nTo continue to be able to meet those challenges, we – as prosecutors – have to evolve and adapt too. But we face a number of challenges, relating to both the investigation and the prosecution of crypto-related financial crimes.\n\nThe first challenge relates to the legislative framework in the jurisdictions in which we work. In many of our jurisdictions, if not in all, the relevant legislation was drafted prior to the invention of cryptocurrencies. We know that the first cryptocurrency was launched in 2009. But in the UK, for instance, the Fraud Act dates back to 2006, while the Proceeds of Crime Act is from 2002.\n\nThis means that, because of the way the legislation is drafted, it can’t always be readily applied to the prosecution of crypto-related financial crimes. We need to ask, for example, whether the definition of “property” within existing legislation is broad enough to encompass crypto assets. It’s not only a challenge for the prosecution, but also for when we are looking to recover assets.\n\nWe have to consider whether our legislative frameworks need to be revised or adapted to make sure that they are framed in a way which is broad and permissive enough so that we can capture these new types of offences and assets that we're dealing with. We must also ensure that we are cognisant of potential further changes that may arise in future and try, insofar as possible, to ensure that the legislation is sufficiently capable of encompassing them as well.\n\nEarlier this year, the UK introduced [legislation](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Feconomic-crime-and-corporate-transparency-act-2023-factsheets\u002Feconomic-crime-and-corporate-transparency-act-cryptoassets-legislation) that enables law enforcement to seize items such as memory sticks or written passwords, and also to transfer illegal crypto assets into a law enforcement wallet.\n\n### Crypto-related crimes are often transnational in nature – how does this affect investigators and prosecutors?\n\nWe all know that criminals don't respect jurisdictional boundaries and that crime is becoming increasingly international. So the second challenge from a prosecution point of view relates to jurisdictional issues.\n\nWe also all know that coordination between law enforcement agencies and prosecutors can be slow and cumbersome, and that the formal process of seeking mutual legal assistance (MLA) comes with its own set of challenges.\n\nAll these challenges reinforce the need for effective networks, both at a law enforcement and a prosecutorial level. It makes no sense for us to work in silos when we have to work across so many jurisdictions.\n\nThat is why organisations such as the [International Association of Prosecutors](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iap-association.org\u002F) are absolutely critical. They enable prosecutors to build these necessary networks and facilitate formal and informal international cooperation.\n\n### How can law enforcement officers and prosecutors keep up with this fast-evolving topic?\n\nBlockchain technology is inherently complex and new innovations such as non-fungible tokens (NTFs) are going to make things even more complex and complicated. The technical complexity of the subject matter is a very practical challenge.\n\nConsequently, it can be very challenging for prosecutors to properly understand the evidence that is presented to them by law enforcement. It's often even more difficult for those working within the courts, where judges and juries responsible for deciding on the facts of a case may never have come across crypto assets before. As a result, it can be incredibly hard for them to properly understand the relevance and the importance of evidence that's put before them.\n\nThe solution, I would suggest, is twofold:\n\n*   For the prosecutors, there is an enhanced need for specialised training, so that we can properly understand the evidence we're presented with by investigators.\n*   For judges and juries, there’s a need to rely on experts that guide them through the process and help them understand the relevance of the evidence before them.\n\n### Does digital evidence pose particular challenges?\n\nYes, there are specific difficulties around the collection and preservation of the evidence. Digital evidence can be more easily altered. It can be encrypted. It can be deleted much more easily than other tangible forms of evidence.\n\nEstablishing a chain of custody – a chronological documentation or paper trail that records when, how and by whom a piece of evidence was collected, analysed, controlled, transferred or disposed during an investigation – can be challenging itself, not to mention the added complexity caused by the sheer volume of the material that we have to deal with.\n\nDeveloping standard operating procedures or guidelines for the identification, collection and extraction of digital evidence, in my view, is absolutely vital. The same goes for using new technology to understand the evidence that is presented to us. Of course, artificial intelligence or AI plays an important role in this.\n\nThe flipside is that we, as prosecutors, have to make sure that when we're using AI to interpret evidence, we are always cognisant of the need for transparency and accountability, and make sure that we are using AI responsibly.\n\n### What challenges do crypto-related financial crimes pose for asset recovery?\n\nAs practitioners we know that a case does not stop at the point of conviction. In fact, the investigation into the money side of things can often take longer than the investigation into the substantive crime itself.\n\nCrypto assets in particular can be moved very quickly at the touch of a button, which means that these assets can be very hard to trace and restrain. That also has a knock-on effect on public confidence because, if digital assets cannot be recovered and victims are not getting restitution, that impacts negatively on how they view the criminal justice system as a whole.\n\nOne potential mitigation relates to the point I previously made about legislative frameworks –what they permit us to do and the need for revision. Let’s take another example from the new UK legislation I mentioned. This allows us to authorise the sale of crypto assets in the same way as more tangible forms of evidence. It also gives the police the power to destroy crypto assets, where returning them to circulation is not conducive to the public good.\n\n### There’s no digital silver bullet, then?\n\nUnfortunately, there's no single solution that will address all the multiple challenges we’ve identified in both the investigation and prosecution of crypto-related financial crimes.\n\nInstead, we need a multi-pronged approach that includes enhanced training, the use of experts, expanded legislation, robust frameworks for evidence collection and, of course, more effective international cooperation.","2024-10-08","challenges-in-prosecuting-crypto-related-crimes-qampa-with-shenaz-muzaffer-2703","Challenges in prosecuting crypto-related crimes – Q&A with Shenaz Muzaffer","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F0f668f60-8e44-4f92-b77d-83812d6a5960?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[],[122],[150,124],"Events",[152],{"tags_id":153},{"id":154,"name":155},854,"Virtual assets",2703,[128],[150,124],[],[],[22],[],"2024-10-08T10:01:37.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:33.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fchallenges-in-prosecuting-crypto-related-crimes-qampa-with-shenaz-muzaffer-2703",{"id":168,"body":169,"status":6,"type":92,"date":170,"slug":171,"title":172,"image":173,"countries":174,"topic":176,"activity":178,"tags":180,"nid":181,"topics":182,"activities":183,"authors":184,"images":186,"websites":187,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":188,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":189,"user_updated":61,"date_updated":8,"content":190,"link":191},9739,"In early April, more than 770 public officials across Peru took our latest [virtual training course on public financial management](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fvirtual-training-course-public-financial-management-launched-peru) (PFM). This free seven-week course is part of a [programme](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cooperacionsuiza.pe\u002Fproyecto\u002Freformas-de-gestion-de-finanzas-publicas-a-nivel-subnacional\u002F) financed by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) to strengthen standards of PFM in 11 subnational governments. In all senses, it has been a huge success.\n\nSome people have been surprised at this, given the disruption caused by the pandemic and the technical issues of computer and internet availability in Peru. My colleagues Carlos Vargas (Director of the PFM programme), Romina Cruz (Communications Officer) and I (Component Leader for Sustainability) take this opportunity to explain how, why and for whom we developed this course and how we managed to maintain such high levels of engagement. We hope our experiences are useful for others developing virtual training courses.\n\n### Multi-platform for maximum flexibility\n\nThe course is seriously \"multi-platform\": as well as a course web page, we have content on YouTube, Google Drive, Google Classroom, Vimeo, Facebook and Padlet. We have 23 regional WhatsApp discussion groups and a Telegram channel.\n\nWhy so many different platforms? For two reasons:\n\n*   To guarantee availability and access to all learners\n*   To minimise internet usage and costs\n\nDelivering an online course on a single learning management system has advantages, but it isn’t practical in places with weak, unreliable or expensive internet services, like in many Peruvian provinces.\n\nOur students – public officials in subnational governments – tell us that they like the flexibility of multiple platforms. It helps them to reduce their internet costs. For example, they can take advantage of mobile internet deals like free use of WhatsApp or Facebook’s pilot “Discover” app, which provides users with 10 MB of data every day.\n\nThe strict coronavirus lockdown in Peru has made this flexible multi-platform approach even more valuable. Most public officials are working from home and have to share their computer (if they have one) and internet connection with their partners and children attending school online. In addition, the government wishes to reserve internet capacity for essential services, particularly during the day.\n\nIn a survey we ran, most officials said they had use of a computer, but a large proportion also access the course on mobile phones and tablets. Flexibility and responsive web platforms are key.\n\n###  “Social” media for professional purposes\n\nPeople often ask why we use personal social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp for professional course content and communication.\n\nAgain, it is because it works in our context. We know from experience that Facebook and WhatsApp are good ways to communicate with our students – and more importantly to allow them to communicate with each other. For example, we have 7,230 followers on [Facebook](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FGFPsubnacional), all highly specialised and engaged. Just in the last week, we had more than 5,000 interactions with our posts. When they share our posts with their own networks, it amplifies our reach.\n\nThese channels have been hugely important in creating and sustaining our [Public Finance Management Experts Network](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fcusco-joins-perus-growing-public-finance-management-experts-network), for example. This is an initiative of graduates of the diploma programme that we ran in conjunction with Universidad ESAN. Thanks in large part to social media, this new network already has more than 200 members across six regions. It proves the power of using \"social\" media for professional purposes.\n\nWe've had a similarly positive experience using social media for training purposes.\n\n### Support networks and sustainability\n\nOur use of social media has another big benefit: sustainability. Sustainable capacity building is not just about teaching new skills to individuals. The support networks that students create with each other help to increase their collective knowledge and sustain it over long periods.\n\nIn a university or classroom, students naturally get together and become friends. We are using social media to recreate these same support networks in the virtual space – and in fact to expand their potential. We see students helping each other with questions and ideas from across the country, at all times of day and night.\n\nWhatsApp groups can include up to 250 people, so they work well for connecting people within cities or regions. With Telegram you can have 200,000 people in a group, so this is a good choice for cross-regional communication.\n\n### Creating a critical mass for real culture change\n\nLinking people to people in this way is visibly helping to change the culture in Peru. Thanks to our onsite and virtual training courses [over the last four years](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fpublic-finance-management-programme-peru-achieves-flying-colours-and-enters-new-four-year) – and thanks to the support networks that have grown up – we are creating a critical mass of people in Peru who understand the importance and the details of strong and transparent public financial management.\n\nMany of the new employees we have hired recently to support our wider programme have completed our training courses. Some are part of the Experts Network. This critical mass has three effects.\n\n*   Mitigating issues of staff rotation and skills gaps in subnational governments. Proper public financial management is part of the culture and processes of a government department, not just dependent on individuals.\n*   Real impact at the national level. Many of the officials we train go on to obtain jobs in the central government. They take their skills, attitudes and support networks with them.\n*   International cross-fertilisation. Students from other Latin American countries have enrolled on this course, although it focuses on Peruvian law. Why? Because, they tell us, they wish to be at the forefront when their countries adopt similar laws. Some are even using their new knowledge of Peruvian policies on public financial management to help advocate for improvements in their own countries’ laws.\n\n### Interaction, feedback and mutual support\n\nWith 770+ students signing up for this course, and limited in-house resources, we knew we couldn’t provide individual support to every single student.\n\nOur system is simple. Students can send queries by email and we share the answers with everyone. They can also use a chat room on Facebook or request help in their WhatsApp groups. The students have been amazing. They immediately started thoughtfully answering each other’s questions and sharing ideas. And in the process of supporting others, they acknowledge that they learn better themselves.\n\nIt helps that some students (as well as ourselves, the course leaders) are or have been academics in universities. But access to information via the internet is the really critical factor that has transformed the learning process. In the past, teachers used to think they were the source of all knowledge, pouring it down onto students from the top during lectures. Now, many students know – or can find out – more than their teachers about specific topics and share it directly with their peers. Teachers need to understand that they are _facilitators_ and _supporters_ of learning. That is how we see ourselves.\n\nWe are also keen to get feedback ourselves in order to continuously improve the course. We send out surveys after each module asking for feedback and we also hold an optional Zoom call in the evening after each exam to discuss the questions. The feedback has been both encouraging and valuable.\n\n### Reflection, not just rote learning\n\nIn response to feedback, we recorded two extra videos applying the theory that the students are learning to the very real situation of covid-19 and its impact on public financial management. These kinds of “extras” are what students tell us they really value, as they encourage reflection and not just rote learning.\n\n“Reflection” is the key word in our approach to testing as well. After each module, there is a test. The purpose is not to check whether students can regurgitate what they learned last week word for word. The aim is to encourage students to reflect on what they have learned and apply it to real situations.\n\nThis helps move the knowledge from short-term memory to long-term understanding. The testing is part of the learning process.\n\n### “Using the fruit to make marmalade for everyone”\n\nVirtual training has clear benefits in normal times, not just during a pandemic. Our programme directly supports 11 subnational governments, but with virtual training we can reach the whole of Peru at no extra cost.\n\nFor example, our [virtual course in open government](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fnode\u002F922) in 2019 reached more than 3,350 officials and citizens across Peru. This wider diffusion of knowledge is important for long-term sustainability and culture change.\n\nGetting the widest benefit for the lowest cost is vital in our country. That is another reason for our use of social media and networks of engaged individuals: it’s free. Saving on marketing costs means we can put more funds into the course development and support for students.\n\n### Three tips for designing virtual courses\n\nHere are three important things we recommend to consider when developing virtual courses.\n\n*   Understand your students and adapt to their needs. Speak to them and listen carefully to what they want and need. Tailor your content appropriately and be prepared to adapt quickly in response to feedback. \n*   It’s not about the tool, but what you do with it. Choose your technologies to meet the needs of the students, not just yours – and be open to non-traditional platforms like social media if that will work best in your context.\n*   Learning is about the heart, not just the head. The personal touch is still important, even if the course is virtual. The chance to interact with others through chat rooms and social media is hugely valuable. It is what turns a one-off training course for individuals into a sustainable, knowledgeable and engaged network that can really achieve change.","2020-05-17","how-to-design-a-virtual-training-course-that-works-in-your-context-experiences-from-peru-1749","How to design a virtual training course that works in your context – experiences from Peru","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Faaa363c7-28be-48c1-a690-2518cd46f0e4?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[175],7421,[177],"Public Finance Management",[179,124],"Training",[],1749,[177],[179,124],[185],1231,[],[22],[],"2022-05-26T22:55:00.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fhow-to-design-a-virtual-training-course-that-works-in-your-context-experiences-from-peru-1749",{"id":193,"body":194,"status":6,"type":10,"date":195,"slug":196,"title":197,"image":198,"countries":199,"topic":200,"activity":201,"tags":202,"nid":211,"topics":212,"activities":213,"authors":214,"images":216,"websites":217,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":218,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":219,"user_updated":61,"date_updated":62,"content":220,"link":221},9841,"We know who whistleblowers are: employees or others who raise a report relating to possible breaches of the law, government regulations or their company’s code of conduct. While whistleblowing itself is not hard to define, developing legal [protection for whistleblowers in Switzerland has been a long saga that has now ground to a halt](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.swissinfo.ch\u002Feng\u002Fpolitics\u002Fhigh-stakes_better-whistleblower-protections-face-resistance-in-swiss-parliament\u002F45009102).\n\nThere may be a simple shortcut to the Swiss difficulties around this issue through the autonomous adoption of the requirements under the [new EU Directive on whistleblowing](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.europarl.europa.eu\u002Fdoceo\u002Fdocument\u002FTA-8-2019-0366_EN.html#title2).\n\nThe EU law covers public procurement, financial services, money laundering, product and transport safety, nuclear safety, public health, consumer and data protection. It adopts a similar three-tiered reporting process to the one envisaged by the draft Swiss law, but goes further, with:\n\n*   comprehensive safeguards on any form of retaliation to both the whistleblower and those assisting him\u002Fher;\n*   access to comprehensive and independent information and advice free of charge;\n*   access to legal aid during proceedings.\n\nThe provisions apply to organisations with more than 50 employees or a turnover of EUR 10 million.\n\n### Can a speak-up culture help?\n\nPotential whistleblowers usually cite two reasons why they prefer not to report. First, because they fear retaliation even if they report confidentially or anonymously. Secondly, because nothing will change so any reporting would be futile.\n\nThese two hurdles associated with whistleblowing are best countered by a robust speak-up culture. Studies have shown that trust within the workplace fosters innovation, collaboration and productivity. Team leaders who encourage new ideas are the ones who ask questions and listen carefully; facilitate constructive argument; give actionable feedback; take advice from the team and act on it; share credit for team success; and maintain regular contact with team members.\n\nIf companies spent more time developing a positive speak-up culture, the need for whistleblowing mechanisms might not be quite so strong.\n\n### A clearer framework for self-reporting to authorities\n\nSelf-reporting by companies to government or administrative authorities is closely related to speaking up and investigating whistleblowing reports.\n\nIt involves rewards for the spontaneous reports of wrongdoing by firms, followed by cooperation during proceedings that can be taken into account by the authorities when determining penalties.\n\nAs a general rule, there’s no obligation under Swiss law for companies to self-report misconduct and no statutory framework for self-reporting. The [OECD has recommended](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.oecd.org\u002Fcorruption\u002Fanti-bribery\u002FSwitzerland-Phase-4-Report-ENG.pdf) that the Office of the Attorney General (Bundesanwaltschaft) create a clear and transparent framework for self-reporting by companies which sets out the conditions in which it applies and the applicable procedures. This includes issues such as the nature and degree of co-operation expected from the company; any benefit for co-operation with the law enforcement authorities; and prosecutions of natural persons connected with the self-reporting company.\n\nRecent revelations in the Swiss media about informal meetings between the Attorney General and FIFA representatives during an ongoing investigation into FIFA, and a meeting in Uzbekistan at a time when the daughter of the President of Uzbekistan is under investigation in Switzerland – combined with the lack of minutes and memory lapses around these discussions – highlight the need for guidance and clarity around self-reporting in Switzerland with rules for both sides. \n\n_An adapted version of this article appeared in German in the June 2019 edition of [Recht relevant – für Compliance Officers](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.schulthess.com\u002Fverlag\u002Fzeitschriften\u002Frecht-relevant), published by Schulthess._ \n\n_Photo by [Luis Quintero](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pexels.com\u002F@jibarofoto?utm_content=attributionCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=pexels) from [Pexels](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pexels.com\u002Fphoto\u002Fselective-focus-photography-of-woman-using-whistle-1659980\u002F?utm_content=attributionCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=pexels)._","2019-07-03","protecting-whistleblowers-in-switzerland-can-a-speak-up-culture-and-self-reporting-framework-help-942","Protecting whistleblowers in Switzerland:  can a speak-up culture and self-reporting framework help?","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F1ebe0923-0747-4d58-82f4-4e76964ed9c1?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[],[75],[124],[203,207],{"tags_id":204},{"id":205,"name":206},982,"Anti-corruption",{"tags_id":208},{"id":209,"name":210},830,"Business integrity",942,[75],[124],[215],1271,[],[22],[],"2022-05-26T22:56:27.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fprotecting-whistleblowers-in-switzerland-can-a-speak-up-culture-and-self-reporting-framework-help-942",{"id":223,"body":224,"status":6,"type":92,"date":225,"slug":226,"title":227,"image":228,"countries":229,"topic":231,"activity":235,"tags":239,"nid":248,"topics":249,"activities":251,"authors":252,"images":254,"websites":255,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":256,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":257,"user_updated":136,"date_updated":258,"content":259,"link":260},9608,"The fourth event of the [Corrupting the Environment](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\u002Fcorrupting-environment) webinar series co-hosted by the Basel Institute and the OECD focused on how behavioural approaches can and must complement interventions tackling illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and other environment crimes.\n\nThe panel comprised voices from practitioners, activists and policymakers, reflecting the variety of actors involved in fighting IWT. The panel’s moderator was Dr. Frédéric Boehm, Economist\u002FPolicy Analyst at the OECD. Gayle Burgess, Behavioural Change Programme Leader at TRAFFIC, Alex Ngabirano, Founder and Director of the Bwindi Development Network in Uganda, and Dr. Saba Kassa, Public Governance Specialist at the Basel Institute on Governance, participated as speakers.\n\n### Behaviour change approaches: a promising tool to fight green corruption?\n\nConservationists and anti-corruption practitioners are realising the power of applying insights from social and behavioural change theory when designing anti-IWT interventions. One of the ideas is that by influencing the social norms of target consumer groups, e.g. buyers of wildlife used for medicine, it is possible to trigger positive alternative behaviours which directly reduce the volume of IWT.\n\nGayle Burgess of TRAFFIC summarised the three different strategic approaches often found in behavioural change interventions:\n\n*   Advocacy: efforts aimed at changing the regulatory framework around IWT\n*   Social mobilisation: influencing the social norms surrounding IWT and that affect people’s perceptions of the issues and ethical norms\n*   Behaviour change communication aimed at switching a negative behaviour to a desirable one in conservation and wildlife management\n\nThe [INTEGRITY framework](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldwildlife.org\u002Fpages\u002Ftnrc-video-behavior-change-webinar) was developed as a memory aid for conservation practitioners to ensure they consider a behavioural change component when designing anti-corruption interventions.\n\nIt’s absolutely not about following a checklist, though. Before applying behavioural approaches, practitioners should carefully analyse the context and map the relevant actors. If, for instance, corruption is related to structural economic factors – like low wages for public officials – then behavioural insights may not change the target behaviour (e.g. accepting bribes) because the underlying driver of corruption is not addressed.\n\nHence, behavioural interventions are most effective when a previous in-depth context analysis has taken place and when part of a holistic approach.\n\n### Bwindi Development Network – a success story?  \n\nAlex Ngabirano is the founder and director of the [Bwindi Reformed Poachers project](http:\u002F\u002Fbwindidevelopmentnetwork.org\u002F) in Uganda, which aims to reform traditional poachers and help them transition into sustainable livelihood activities. Drawing on more than 20 years’ experience working to protect mountain gorillas and support Bwindi National Park’s frontline communities in Uganda, Alex works with former poachers who accepted to abandon their hunting tools to form their own association and participate in community projects. Some are directly involved in conservation activities; others lead tourist groups in the natural park. The revenue generated by these activities is reinvested in community education and development.\n\nFrom a behavioural insights perspective, former poachers promoting the messages to refrain from poaching is a very effective approach to change the norms and values around IWT within their community. For example, by highlighting the collective distress caused by poaching activities, reformed poachers can address the underlying motivation to engage in IWT.\n\nThe hope is that this successful model can be replicated in other national parks in Uganda, especially since the increasing price of IWT driven by higher global demand is fuelling more poaching in the country. Conservationists in other countries fighting rampant poaching and trafficking of wild animals would do well to consider this option.\n\n### What do behavioural change interventions in China, Vietnam and Uganda teach us?\n\nGayle Burgess shared key findings from TRAFFIC’s work using behavioural approaches to influence consumer demand in IWT in China and Vietnam.\n\nIn [China](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.traffic.org\u002Fsite\u002Fassets\u002Ffiles\u002F11081\u002Fdemand_reduction_research_report.pdf), TRAFFIC worked with fifth-generation ivory carvers to re-purpose their skills using sustainable alternative materials. Results from evaluation surveys indicate that 30% to 40% of the workforce has adopted the desired behaviour and is now adopting sustainable materials.\n\nIn Vietnam, TRAFFIC’s survey suggested that illegal rhino horn was connected to prestige and status, mostly in the business community. So, TRAFFIC carried out an [extensive communication campaign](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.traffic.org\u002Fsite\u002Fassets\u002Ffiles\u002F8811\u002Fchi-initiative-briefing-paper.pdf) to change behaviours employing the Vietnamese concept of _Chi_ or _strength of will._ This reminded consumers that success and strength come from within and not from part of an endangered animal from a faraway land, shifting behaviours away from IWT use.\n\nWhat about behaviour at the other end of the supply chain, in source locations? Saba Kassa talked about the [research on the drivers of wildlife trafficking](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-33-worms-eye-view-wildlife-trafficking-uganda-path-least-resistance) that the Basel Institute has carried out in Uganda under a project funded by PMI Impact. What emerged is that socio-economic drivers such as poverty and social pressure are compounded by strong narratives that legitimise engaging in the early stages of IWT, making it socially acceptable to accept bribes or not enforce regulations.\n\nThe research highlighted the importance of looking at people’s internal motivations and barriers to change behaviour while not losing sight of the socio-economic background and context conditions in which the intervention takes place.\n\nSo, behavioural change approaches are needed to change narratives, stereotypes and social norms that make engaging with IWT acceptable. These interventions also reinforce the importance of understanding the political economy, actors and power relations of the context where the intervention will take place. A holistic approach, engaging local communities and understanding the interplay of narratives and structural drivers of corruption, are some of the elements anyone designing an intervention and wanting it to be successful should consider.  \n\n### What can we do to support behavioural research and practice in IWT interventions?\n\nWe know that corruption facilitates IWT, but we don’t know exactly how, where or to what extent. In order to save the world’s last remaining endangered species from being butchered and transported across the oceans, we need more evidence. Perhaps we’re overstating the role of corruption as a major driver of IWT? Or perhaps smart anti-corruption interventions can cut a crucial link in the trafficking chain.\n\nSmarter monitoring and evaluation of counter-IWT interventions is one way to better understand the dynamics of corruption in a specific context, its biggest risks and its consequences for tackling IWT. The Basel Institute’s Green Corruption programme is [working with the Tackling Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fanti-corruption-approaches-protect-biodiversity-launch-new-green-corruption-collaboration-tnrc) to explore five crucial areas where corruption intersects with environmental crimes, including one joint component on behavioural interventions in collaboration with TRAFFIC.\n\nAnd as Alex Ngabirano emphasised, community education remains essential in combating IWT sustainably by empowering future generations.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   View the [full webinar on YouTube](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=wVxKI18XZSc).\n*   Learn more about the [Green Corruption programme](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption) and [Corrupting the Environment event series](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption\u002Fcorrupting-environment).\n*   Read about another recent webinar on [behavioural insights to tackle corruption in a crisis](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-enhance-integrity-during-crises-lessons-behavioural-science), hosted by the Basel Institute's Public Governance team as Knowledge Partner at the 2021 OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum.","2021-04-23","why-do-people-poach-trade-and-buy-protected-wildlife-and-what-might-change-that-behaviour-2009","Why do people poach, trade and buy protected wildlife – and what might change that behaviour?","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F85195621-aaf5-46c3-a3ae-533888143764?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[230],7342,[232,233,234],"Green Corruption","Prevention"," Research and Innovation",[150,236,124,237,238],"Research","Anti-corruption interventions","Presentations",[240,244],{"tags_id":241},{"id":242,"name":243},848,"Behavioural science",{"tags_id":245},{"id":246,"name":247},1303,"Environment",2009,[232,250],"Prevention Research and Innovation",[150,236,124,237,238],[253],1195,[],[22],[],"2022-05-26T22:53:11.000Z","2026-05-07T21:29:42.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fwhy-do-people-poach-trade-and-buy-protected-wildlife-and-what-might-change-that-behaviour-2009",{"id":262,"body":263,"status":6,"type":10,"date":264,"slug":265,"title":266,"image":267,"countries":268,"topic":269,"activity":270,"tags":271,"nid":272,"topics":273,"activities":274,"authors":275,"images":276,"websites":277,"area":20,"programme":20,"language":20,"translations":278,"translation_of":20,"user_created":59,"date_created":279,"user_updated":61,"date_updated":8,"content":280,"link":281},10438,"It is with great sadness that we confirm the tragic death of our Managing Director Gretta Fenner in a car accident.\n\nGretta has been an extraordinary force for change in the fight against corruption – both personally and through the Institute that she lovingly and passionately built and led for so many years. We, and our partners and counterparts around the world, will miss her greatly.\n\nHer family and friends are in our thoughts as we come to terms with this news. We will keep all informed about plans to honour her memory and celebrate her as she deserves.\n\n_Peter Maurer, on behalf of the Board and Management Group of the Basel Institute on Governance_\n\n### Update\n\nIt has been heartwarming to receive so many messages of condolence and tributes to Gretta Fenner following her tragic passing. Their depth and breadth are testimony to the extraordinary woman that Gretta was and the passion that she inspired around the world.\n\nSome of them you can now see on a public tribute page to Gretta, together with the story of her career and photos of her at work and play: [gretta.baselgovernance.org](https:\u002F\u002Fgretta.baselgovernance.org\u002F).","2024-04-08","gretta-fenner-19752024-message-from-the-president-2614","Gretta Fenner (1975–2024): Message from the President","https:\u002F\u002Fjam.baselgovernance.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002Fe83f7509-716f-41ce-880a-945c8aaf3709?width=1000&height=650&format=webp&quality=80",[],[14],[14],[],2614,[],[],[],[],[22],[],"2024-04-08T10:01:31.000Z",[],"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fgretta-fenner-19752024-message-from-the-president-2614",{"left":283,"top":283,"width":284,"height":284,"rotate":283,"vFlip":285,"hFlip":285,"body":286},0,20,false,"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M17 10a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H5.612l4.158 3.96a.75.75 0 1 1-1.04 1.08l-5.5-5.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.08l5.5-5.25a.75.75 0 1 1 1.04 1.08L5.612 9.25H16.25A.75.75 0 0 1 17 10\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\"\u002F>",1780676490614]