[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1617},["ShallowReactive",2],{"country-tanzania":3,"country-publications-tanzania-1":7,"country-news-tanzania-1":818,"country-stories-tanzania-1":1480},{"name":4,"ids":5},"Tanzania",[6],224,{"items":8,"total":817},[9,205,365,517,601],{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":13,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":25,"link_internal":28,"link_external":32,"featured":24,"topics":36,"languages":39,"type":40,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":42,"countries":53,"tags":82,"pdf":83,"authors":84},2382,"published",null,"2025-01-10T17:05:22.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:49.000Z",2740,"addressing-bribery-and-associated-social-norms-healthcare-results-behaviour-change","Addressing Bribery and Associated Social Norms in Healthcare: Results of a Behaviour Change Intervention in Tanzania","This open-access, peer-reviewed journal article examines the results of a pilot behavioural intervention in Tanzania. The project tested a behavioural anti-corruption intervention to reduce bribery in a hospital. It targeted deeply ingrained social norms while also leveraging the social networks and influence of key staff members.\n\nThe research was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme of the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). It was a collaboration between the Basel Institute on Governance, the UK Behavioural Insights Team, the University of Dar es Salam and the University of Utrecht.\n\n### Abstract\n\nPractices of bribery in the delivery of public services become entrenched when they are driven by social norms of reciprocity.\n\nThe resulting economies of favours, which are common across diverse geographical regions, are resilient to conventional anti-corruption measures because they are underpinned by strong social pressures.\n\nThis article describes the results of a behaviour change intervention to address gift-giving as a form of bribery in a Tanzanian hospital. The intervention utilised environmental cues and a peer-led network approach to deliver messages aimed at disincentivising bribery.\n\nAn exit survey of hospital users indicates a reduction of the ‘gift-offering propensity score’, capturing self-declared behaviour, from 23% before implementation of the intervention to 13% afterwards. We find similar changes in the enabling norms score.\n\nSemi-structured interviews with hospital users and health workers further support these findings.\n\nThese results suggest that practices and norms around bribery might be changed through a multi-pronged approach that addresses both the ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ side of bribery.","","English",2025,"European Journal of Social Psychology","2025-01-09",false,[26,27],"Prevention","Research and Innovation",[29],{"url":30,"caption":31},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-1"," View project summary",[33],{"url":34,"caption":35},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fejsp.3140","View open-access article",[37,38],"Corruption Prevention and Public Governance","Prevention Research and Innovation",[20],[41],"Article",{"id":43,"storage":44,"filename_disk":45,"filename_download":46,"title":47,"type":48,"created_on":13,"modified_on":13,"charset":12,"filesize":49,"width":50,"height":51,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":52,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":13},"cfaba3e7-52ad-42b4-b9e1-1542534afed9","local","cfaba3e7-52ad-42b4-b9e1-1542534afed9.jpg?itok=5RZ-m6ec","Pages-from-Euro-J-Social-Psych---2025---Camargo---Addressing-Bribery-and-Associated-Social-Norms-in-Healthcare--Results-of-a-Behaviour.jpg?itok=5RZ-m6ec","Cover page of article Addressing Bribery and Associated Social Norms inHealthcare: Results of a Behaviour Change Intervention inTanzania","image\u002Fjpeg",64010,500,657,{},[54],{"id":55,"publications_id":56,"countries_id":78},1132,{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":59,"link_internal":60,"link_external":62,"featured":24,"topics":64,"languages":65,"type":66,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":67,"tags":68,"pdf":69,"authors":70},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[26,27],[61],{"url":30,"caption":31},[63],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],2577,2578,2579,2580,2581,2582,2583,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},"TZ",-6.36903,34.88882,[],[],[85,103,120,137,154,171,188],{"id":71,"publications_id":86,"authors_id":99},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":87,"link_internal":88,"link_external":90,"featured":24,"topics":92,"languages":93,"type":94,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":95,"tags":96,"pdf":97,"authors":98},[26,27],[89],{"url":30,"caption":31},[91],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":100,"name":101,"position":12,"image":102},554,"Dr Claudia Baez Camargo","708c19be-70e9-46d4-b42d-fe7bbc667225",{"id":72,"publications_id":104,"authors_id":117},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":105,"link_internal":106,"link_external":108,"featured":24,"topics":110,"languages":111,"type":112,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":113,"tags":114,"pdf":115,"authors":116},[26,27],[107],{"url":30,"caption":31},[109],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":118,"name":119,"position":12,"image":12},505,"Violette Gadenne",{"id":73,"publications_id":121,"authors_id":134},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":122,"link_internal":123,"link_external":125,"featured":24,"topics":127,"languages":128,"type":129,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":130,"tags":131,"pdf":132,"authors":133},[26,27],[124],{"url":30,"caption":31},[126],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":135,"name":136,"position":12,"image":12},506,"Veronica Mkoji",{"id":74,"publications_id":138,"authors_id":151},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":139,"link_internal":140,"link_external":142,"featured":24,"topics":144,"languages":145,"type":146,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":147,"tags":148,"pdf":149,"authors":150},[26,27],[141],{"url":30,"caption":31},[143],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":152,"name":153,"position":12,"image":12},507,"Dilhan Perera",{"id":75,"publications_id":155,"authors_id":168},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":156,"link_internal":157,"link_external":159,"featured":24,"topics":161,"languages":162,"type":163,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":164,"tags":165,"pdf":166,"authors":167},[26,27],[158],{"url":30,"caption":31},[160],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":169,"name":170,"position":12,"image":12},508,"Ruth Persian",{"id":76,"publications_id":172,"authors_id":185},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":173,"link_internal":174,"link_external":176,"featured":24,"topics":178,"languages":179,"type":180,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":181,"tags":182,"pdf":183,"authors":184},[26,27],[175],{"url":30,"caption":31},[177],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":186,"name":187,"position":12,"image":12},370,"Richard Sambaiga",{"id":77,"publications_id":189,"authors_id":202},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":13,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":43,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":190,"link_internal":191,"link_external":193,"featured":24,"topics":195,"languages":196,"type":197,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":198,"tags":199,"pdf":200,"authors":201},[26,27],[192],{"url":30,"caption":31},[194],{"url":34,"caption":35},[37,38],[20],[41],[55],[],[],[71,72,73,74,75,76,77],{"id":203,"name":204,"position":12,"image":12},509,"Tobias Stark",{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":207,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":217,"link_internal":219,"link_external":223,"featured":24,"topics":224,"languages":225,"type":226,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":228,"countries":236,"tags":258,"pdf":307,"authors":330},2324,"2023-12-06T11:04:47.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:43.000Z",2550,"research-case-5","Research Case Study 5: Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption","Social norms and behaviour change (SNBC) approaches are a promising complement to conventional anti-corruption strategies. Adopting a context-sensitive and nuanced approach is an essential ingredient for success.\n\nWe wanted to understand if and how behavioural approaches can promote anti-corruption outcomes, as well as conditions for success.\n\nTo do this we reviewed research from 2016–2022 on the use of behavioural approaches in anti-corruption practice. We also analysed our practical experience designing and piloting an intervention to tackle social norms of reciprocity which fuel bribery in health facilities in Tanzania.","Baez Camargo, Claudia, and Saba Kassa. 2023. ‘Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption.’ Research Case Study 5, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgov- ernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fresearch-case-5.",2023,"Basel Institute on Governance","2023-12-05",[218],"Public Governance",[220],{"url":221,"caption":222},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Research%20Case%20Study"," View all research case studies",[],[37],[20],[227],"Research Case Study",{"id":229,"storage":44,"filename_disk":230,"filename_download":231,"title":232,"type":48,"created_on":207,"modified_on":207,"charset":12,"filesize":233,"width":50,"height":234,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":235,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":207},"a4b5e14a-9841-4feb-8411-335c9f972aba","a4b5e14a-9841-4feb-8411-335c9f972aba.jpg?itok=4sZgO-XF","research-case-study-5-cover-copy.jpg?itok=4sZgO-XF","research case study 5 cover.jpg",43101,707,{},[237],{"id":238,"publications_id":239,"countries_id":257},1111,{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":240,"link_internal":241,"link_external":243,"featured":24,"topics":244,"languages":245,"type":246,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":247,"tags":248,"pdf":252,"authors":254},[218],[242],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],4504,4764,4765,[253],2360,[255,256],2527,2528,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[259,275,291],{"id":249,"publications_id":260,"tags_id":272},{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":261,"link_internal":262,"link_external":264,"featured":24,"topics":265,"languages":266,"type":267,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":268,"tags":269,"pdf":270,"authors":271},[218],[263],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],[253],[255,256],{"id":273,"name":274},848,"Behavioural science",{"id":250,"publications_id":276,"tags_id":288},{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":277,"link_internal":278,"link_external":280,"featured":24,"topics":281,"languages":282,"type":283,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":284,"tags":285,"pdf":286,"authors":287},[218],[279],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],[253],[255,256],{"id":289,"name":290},1309,"Informality",{"id":251,"publications_id":292,"tags_id":304},{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":293,"link_internal":294,"link_external":296,"featured":24,"topics":297,"languages":298,"type":299,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":300,"tags":301,"pdf":302,"authors":303},[218],[295],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],[253],[255,256],{"id":305,"name":306},982,"Anti-corruption",[308],{"id":253,"publications_id":309,"directus_files_id":321},{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":310,"link_internal":311,"link_external":313,"featured":24,"topics":314,"languages":315,"type":316,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":317,"tags":318,"pdf":319,"authors":320},[218],[312],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],[253],[255,256],{"id":322,"storage":44,"filename_disk":323,"filename_download":324,"title":324,"type":325,"folder":326,"uploaded_by":57,"created_on":327,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":327,"charset":12,"filesize":328,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":329,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":327},"82de8e4d-56f2-45be-892f-ac464863a60a","82de8e4d-56f2-45be-892f-ac464863a60a.pdf","Research-case-study-5%E2%80%93final.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5","2023-12-06T11:04:48.000Z",549608,"View PDF",[331,348],{"id":255,"publications_id":332,"authors_id":344},{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":333,"link_internal":334,"link_external":336,"featured":24,"topics":337,"languages":338,"type":339,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":340,"tags":341,"pdf":342,"authors":343},[218],[335],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],[253],[255,256],{"id":345,"name":346,"position":12,"image":347},295,"Claudia Baez Camargo","efaca248-6b57-4e2e-af40-614056eb022c",{"id":256,"publications_id":349,"authors_id":361},{"id":206,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":207,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":208,"nid":209,"slug":210,"image":229,"title":211,"body":212,"citation":213,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":216,"external":24,"topic":350,"link_internal":351,"link_external":353,"featured":24,"topics":354,"languages":355,"type":356,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":357,"tags":358,"pdf":359,"authors":360},[218],[352],{"url":221,"caption":222},[],[37],[20],[227],[238],[249,250,251],[253],[255,256],{"id":362,"name":363,"position":12,"image":364},303,"Saba Kassa","a34de431-6c31-4ddd-8727-12c10dfed9ad",{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":367,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":374,"link_internal":375,"link_external":376,"featured":24,"topics":377,"languages":378,"type":379,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":380,"countries":388,"tags":428,"pdf":455,"authors":474},2278,"2023-05-17T10:04:49.000Z","2026-05-31T22:52:11.000Z",2432,"research-case-2","Research case study 2: Leveraging informal networks for anti-corruption in East Africa","Citizens and business people may invest significant time and money in building informal networks with public officials to overcome public service delivery shortcomings and access business opportunities. Understanding these networks better can strengthen anti-corruption efforts.\n\nThis research case study gives a brief overview of our Public Governance team's research in Uganda and Tanzania. Through interviews, the team explored when, how and why informal networks are built and used to access public services or business opportunities corruptly.\n\nThe research project described was carried out under the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. All results are freely shareable under a Creative Commons licence.","2023-05-17",[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],{"id":381,"storage":44,"filename_disk":382,"filename_download":383,"title":384,"type":48,"created_on":385,"modified_on":367,"charset":12,"filesize":386,"width":50,"height":234,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":387,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":385},"7d1b37bc-c9a9-458b-9b5c-5e140061e6dd","7d1b37bc-c9a9-458b-9b5c-5e140061e6dd.jpg?itok=Iz9qP71r","rsearch-case-study-2-cover-.jpg?itok=Iz9qP71r","Research case study 2 cover .jpg","2023-05-17T10:04:48.000Z",40614,{},[389,415],{"id":390,"publications_id":391,"countries_id":409},1067,{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":392,"link_internal":393,"link_external":394,"featured":24,"topics":395,"languages":396,"type":397,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":398,"tags":400,"pdf":403,"authors":405},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],1068,[401,402],4458,4785,[404],2314,[406,407,408],2490,2491,2492,{"id":410,"name":411,"code":412,"latitude":413,"longitude":414},226,"Uganda","UG",1.37333,32.29028,{"id":399,"publications_id":416,"countries_id":427},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":417,"link_internal":418,"link_external":419,"featured":24,"topics":420,"languages":421,"type":422,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":423,"tags":424,"pdf":425,"authors":426},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[429,442],{"id":401,"publications_id":430,"tags_id":441},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":431,"link_internal":432,"link_external":433,"featured":24,"topics":434,"languages":435,"type":436,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":437,"tags":438,"pdf":439,"authors":440},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":273,"name":274},{"id":402,"publications_id":443,"tags_id":454},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":444,"link_internal":445,"link_external":446,"featured":24,"topics":447,"languages":448,"type":449,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":450,"tags":451,"pdf":452,"authors":453},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":289,"name":290},[456],{"id":404,"publications_id":457,"directus_files_id":468},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":458,"link_internal":459,"link_external":460,"featured":24,"topics":461,"languages":462,"type":463,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":464,"tags":465,"pdf":466,"authors":467},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":469,"storage":44,"filename_disk":470,"filename_download":471,"title":471,"type":325,"folder":326,"uploaded_by":57,"created_on":367,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":367,"charset":12,"filesize":472,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":473,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":367},"59d079b7-6def-4ba4-8cc0-d1803b93b0de","59d079b7-6def-4ba4-8cc0-d1803b93b0de.pdf","230516-Research-case-study-02.pdf",558147,"Download research case study",[475,488,501],{"id":406,"publications_id":476,"authors_id":487},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":477,"link_internal":478,"link_external":479,"featured":24,"topics":480,"languages":481,"type":482,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":483,"tags":484,"pdf":485,"authors":486},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":345,"name":346,"position":12,"image":347},{"id":407,"publications_id":489,"authors_id":500},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":490,"link_internal":491,"link_external":492,"featured":24,"topics":493,"languages":494,"type":495,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":496,"tags":497,"pdf":498,"authors":499},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":362,"name":363,"position":12,"image":364},{"id":408,"publications_id":502,"authors_id":513},{"id":366,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":367,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":368,"nid":369,"slug":370,"image":381,"title":371,"body":372,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":373,"external":24,"topic":503,"link_internal":504,"link_external":505,"featured":24,"topics":506,"languages":507,"type":508,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":509,"tags":510,"pdf":511,"authors":512},[218],[],[],[37],[20],[227],[390,399],[401,402],[404],[406,407,408],{"id":514,"name":515,"position":12,"image":516},304,"Jacopo Costa","90469998-3598-471d-9499-48b19f557c7d",{"id":518,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":519,"date_updated":520,"nid":521,"slug":522,"title":523,"body":524,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":525,"external":24,"topic":526,"link_internal":527,"link_external":534,"featured":24,"topics":535,"languages":536,"type":537,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":538,"countries":545,"tags":564,"pdf":565,"authors":585},2267,"2023-03-06T11:04:19.000Z","2026-06-02T14:09:04.000Z",2396,"research-case-1","Research case study 1: Targeting corrupt behaviours in a Tanzanian hospital: A social norms approach","This research case study describes how a pilot behavioural anti-corruption intervention succeeded in reducing “gift giving” in a Tanzanian hospital. It targeted deeply ingrained social norms while also leveraging the social networks of key staff members.\n\nThis research project was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government. The project implementation was a collaboration between the Basel Institute on Governance, the UK Behavioural Insights Team, the University of Dar es Salam and the University of Utrecht. \n\nAll results are freely shareable under a Creative Commons licence.\n\n ","2023-03-06",[218],[528,531],{"url":529,"caption":530},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-40"," View related Working Paper",{"url":532,"caption":533},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002FTZ-giftgiving"," View related technical report",[],[37],[20],[227],{"id":539,"storage":44,"filename_disk":540,"filename_download":541,"title":542,"type":48,"created_on":519,"modified_on":519,"charset":12,"filesize":543,"width":50,"height":234,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":544,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":519},"b0bb97ec-caa3-4529-b183-10c7f1cd2d4f","b0bb97ec-caa3-4529-b183-10c7f1cd2d4f.jpg?itok=OCDijmJY","Pages-from-230221-Research-case-study-01.jpg?itok=OCDijmJY","Research case study cover page",51869,{},[546],{"id":547,"publications_id":548,"countries_id":563},1060,{"id":518,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":519,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":520,"nid":521,"slug":522,"image":539,"title":523,"body":524,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":525,"external":24,"topic":549,"link_internal":550,"link_external":553,"featured":24,"topics":554,"languages":555,"type":556,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":557,"tags":558,"pdf":559,"authors":561},[218],[551,552],{"url":529,"caption":530},{"url":532,"caption":533},[],[37],[20],[227],[547],[],[560],2306,[562],2482,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[566],{"id":560,"publications_id":567,"directus_files_id":580},{"id":518,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":519,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":520,"nid":521,"slug":522,"image":539,"title":523,"body":524,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":525,"external":24,"topic":568,"link_internal":569,"link_external":572,"featured":24,"topics":573,"languages":574,"type":575,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":576,"tags":577,"pdf":578,"authors":579},[218],[570,571],{"url":529,"caption":530},{"url":532,"caption":533},[],[37],[20],[227],[547],[],[560],[562],{"id":581,"storage":44,"filename_disk":582,"filename_download":583,"title":583,"type":325,"folder":326,"uploaded_by":57,"created_on":519,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":519,"charset":12,"filesize":584,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":473,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":519},"dc3633ba-4fc0-4440-b097-9885543c0461","dc3633ba-4fc0-4440-b097-9885543c0461.pdf","230306-Research-case-study-01b.pdf",856694,[586],{"id":562,"publications_id":587,"authors_id":600},{"id":518,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":519,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":520,"nid":521,"slug":522,"image":539,"title":523,"body":524,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":214,"publisher":215,"date_published":525,"external":24,"topic":588,"link_internal":589,"link_external":592,"featured":24,"topics":593,"languages":594,"type":595,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":596,"tags":597,"pdf":598,"authors":599},[218],[590,591],{"url":529,"caption":530},{"url":532,"caption":533},[],[37],[20],[227],[547],[],[560],[562],{"id":345,"name":346,"position":12,"image":347},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":603,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":611,"link_internal":613,"link_external":614,"featured":24,"topics":618,"languages":619,"type":620,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":622,"countries":630,"tags":777,"pdf":778,"authors":799},2247,"2022-11-28T17:04:06.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:39.000Z",2319,"basel-aml-index-briefing-fatf-grey-listing-sub-saharan-africa","Basel AML Index briefing: FATF grey-listing in Sub-Saharan Africa","This is a Basel AML Index briefing on countries in Sub-Saharan Africa subject to grey-listing by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) .\n\nThe briefing covers the impacts on their economic development, the process of grey-listing and what governments need to do to be removed from the list. It also touches on specific areas of concern for anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML\u002FCFT) in Sub-Saharan Africa. \n\n### About jurisdiction briefings\n\nAs part of the FATF assessment process, a jurisdiction may be placed on a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fhigh-risk-and-other-monitored-jurisdictions\u002F\">“grey list”\u003C\u002Fa> (subject to increased monitoring) or “black list” (a high-risk jurisdiction subject to a call for action). This follows identified failings in how the jurisdiction addresses its money laundering and terrorist financing risks. Being placed on the FATF’s grey or black lists has a negative impact on a jurisdiction’s investment climate, trade and capital flows.\n\nThe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fexpert-edition\">Basel AML Index Expert Edition dashboard\u003C\u002Fa> highlights a jurisdiction’s placement on the FATF grey or black lists for informational purposes, but these lists are not used when calculating its overall risk score. \n\nAs an additional service, from June 2022 the Basel AML Index therefore started to publish special briefings on jurisdictions delisted from the grey or black lists. This report on Sub-Saharan Africa complements the jurisdiction-specific briefings.\n\nLearn more about the Basel AML Index at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcountry\u002FMT\">index.baselgovernance.org\u003C\u002Fa>",2022,"2022-11-28",[612],"Anti-Money Laundering",[],[615],{"url":616,"caption":617},"https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fdownload"," View more reports and infographics on the Basel AML Index website",[612],[20],[621],"Report",{"id":623,"storage":44,"filename_disk":624,"filename_download":625,"title":626,"type":48,"created_on":603,"modified_on":603,"charset":12,"filesize":627,"width":50,"height":628,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":629,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":603},"63987568-549b-46bb-a048-a6c2b0cc84f0","63987568-549b-46bb-a048-a6c2b0cc84f0.jpg?itok=IYALM19-","Pages-from-221128-Special-report-greylisting-in-SSA-final.jpg?itok=IYALM19-","Cover page of special report on Sub-Saharan Africa",60696,708,{},[631,660,679,698,717,736,749,763],{"id":632,"publications_id":633,"countries_id":654},1039,{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":634,"link_internal":635,"link_external":636,"featured":24,"topics":638,"languages":639,"type":640,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":641,"tags":649,"pdf":650,"authors":652},[612],[],[637],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],1040,1041,1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,[],[651],2290,[653],2469,{"id":655,"name":656,"code":657,"latitude":658,"longitude":659},21,"Burkina Faso","BF",12.23833,-1.56159,{"id":642,"publications_id":661,"countries_id":673},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":662,"link_internal":663,"link_external":664,"featured":24,"topics":666,"languages":667,"type":668,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":669,"tags":670,"pdf":671,"authors":672},[612],[],[665],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":674,"name":675,"code":676,"latitude":677,"longitude":678},38,"Democratic Republic of Congo","CD",-4.03833,21.75866,{"id":643,"publications_id":680,"countries_id":692},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":681,"link_internal":682,"link_external":683,"featured":24,"topics":685,"languages":686,"type":687,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":688,"tags":689,"pdf":690,"authors":691},[612],[],[684],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":693,"name":694,"code":695,"latitude":696,"longitude":697},142,"Mali","ML",17.57069,-3.99617,{"id":644,"publications_id":699,"countries_id":711},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":700,"link_internal":701,"link_external":702,"featured":24,"topics":704,"languages":705,"type":706,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":707,"tags":708,"pdf":709,"authors":710},[612],[],[703],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":712,"name":713,"code":714,"latitude":715,"longitude":716},156,"Mozambique","MZ",-18.66569,35.52956,{"id":645,"publications_id":718,"countries_id":730},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":719,"link_internal":720,"link_external":721,"featured":24,"topics":723,"languages":724,"type":725,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":726,"tags":727,"pdf":728,"authors":729},[612],[],[722],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":731,"name":732,"code":733,"latitude":734,"longitude":735},202,"Senegal","SN",14.4974,-14.45236,{"id":646,"publications_id":737,"countries_id":12},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":738,"link_internal":739,"link_external":740,"featured":24,"topics":742,"languages":743,"type":744,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":745,"tags":746,"pdf":747,"authors":748},[612],[],[741],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":647,"publications_id":750,"countries_id":762},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":751,"link_internal":752,"link_external":753,"featured":24,"topics":755,"languages":756,"type":757,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":758,"tags":759,"pdf":760,"authors":761},[612],[],[754],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":648,"publications_id":764,"countries_id":776},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":765,"link_internal":766,"link_external":767,"featured":24,"topics":769,"languages":770,"type":771,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":772,"tags":773,"pdf":774,"authors":775},[612],[],[768],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":410,"name":411,"code":412,"latitude":413,"longitude":414},[],[779],{"id":651,"publications_id":780,"directus_files_id":792},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":781,"link_internal":782,"link_external":783,"featured":24,"topics":785,"languages":786,"type":787,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":788,"tags":789,"pdf":790,"authors":791},[612],[],[784],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":793,"storage":44,"filename_disk":794,"filename_download":795,"title":795,"type":325,"folder":326,"uploaded_by":57,"created_on":796,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":796,"charset":12,"filesize":797,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":798,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":796},"5e5d496a-3610-4f8e-a825-c291112e6424","5e5d496a-3610-4f8e-a825-c291112e6424.pdf","221128-Special-report-greylisting-in-SSA-final.pdf","2022-11-28T17:04:07.000Z",634400,"Download briefing: Sub-Saharan Africa",[800],{"id":653,"publications_id":801,"authors_id":813},{"id":602,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":57,"date_created":603,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":604,"nid":605,"slug":606,"image":623,"title":607,"body":608,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":609,"publisher":215,"date_published":610,"external":24,"topic":802,"link_internal":803,"link_external":804,"featured":24,"topics":806,"languages":807,"type":808,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":809,"tags":810,"pdf":811,"authors":812},[612],[],[805],{"url":616,"caption":617},[612],[20],[621],[632,642,643,644,645,646,647,648],[],[651],[653],{"id":814,"name":815,"position":12,"image":816},301,"Kateryna Boguslavska","24433c58-4115-4c6c-b220-142b5a1b135b",29,{"items":819,"total":1479},[820,916,1195,1363,1438],{"id":821,"status":11,"date_created":822,"date_updated":823,"title":824,"type":825,"body":826,"date":827,"topic":828,"slug":830,"activity":831,"nid":833,"topics":834,"activities":836,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"language":20,"image":837,"translation_of":12,"countries":846,"tags":895,"authors":896,"images":913,"translations":914,"content":915},10566,"2025-08-21T23:47:59.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:37.000Z","Bridging intelligence and investigations: Advanced Operational Analysis training","News","A major blockage in financial crime cases lies in the space between intelligence and investigations. All too often, crucial financial intelligence from Financial Intelligence Units isn’t used effectively to trigger or advance investigations.\n\nOne reason lies in the quality of the financial intelligence reports themselves, which may not match what investigators and prosecutors need. A related reason lies in poor cooperation between different agencies involved in the fight against financial crime.\n\nThis blockage is a recurring challenge highlighted in evaluations of the effectiveness of countries’ frameworks for anti-money laundering and counter-financing of terrorism (AML\u002FCFT) conducted by the [Financial Action Task Force (FATF)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fen\u002Ftopics\u002Fmutual-evaluations.html). Many countries perform relatively well on Immediate Outcome 6 (IO6), an indicator that measures the effective generation and use of financial intelligence. However, the real difficulty lies in converting this into effective investigations (IO7) and the confiscation of assets (IO8), where scores are consistently lower.\n\n### Training to bridge the gap\n\nAdvanced Operational Analysis training, which [the training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes) of the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) conducts for government agencies around the world, is specifically designed to bridge this gap.\n\nBetween May and July 2025, our training team delivered Advanced Operational Analysis training in Mozambique, Ecuador and Tanzania. The intensive week-long workshops brought together Financial Intelligence Unit analysts, investigators, prosecutors and other relevant practitioners in each country.\n\nThe objective was to enhance the generation of financial intelligence that officers in investigation and prosecution agencies can act upon. The ultimate goal: successful money laundering investigations and the recovery of illicit assets.\n\n### Transforming intelligence into operational leads\n\nThe Advanced Operational Analysis training combines our eLearning module on [Operational Analysis of Suspicious Transaction Reports](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=3) with an extensive, instructor-led country-specific component. Participants work through a complex and realistic simulated case involving:\n\n*   Shell companies and offshore structures;\n*   Intricate and large volume of financial data\n*   Blockchain transactions and the tracing of virtual assets;\n*   Cross-border elements and international cooperation mechanisms.\n\nThey plan and collect relevant information using the _intelligence cycle,_ as outlined in the eLearning course. After analysing it, they present it in a format that helps investigative or prosecutorial authorities identify indicators of possible predicate and money laundering offences as well as proceeds of crime. The authorities must then corroborate this intelligence and convert into evidence. In this way, intelligence is transformed into operational leads.\n\nIn Tanzania, participants stressed its immediate relevance:\n\n> The course is very good and relevant to daily work. It helps in analysing financial information and preparing intelligence reports that can be used by investigators and prosecutors.\n\n> I learned how to collect, process, and present financial intelligence in a way that supports investigations of money laundering and other financial crimes.\n\n### Fostering cooperation between agencies\n\nA key objective of the Advanced Operational Analysis programme is to strengthen cooperation among the diverse actors in the fight against financial crime, from Financial Intelligence Units and prosecutors to law enforcement agencies and even compliance officers from commercial banks.\n\nIn Mozambique, participants highlighted the benefits of this joint approach:\n\n> The course allowed us to engage with professionals from other agencies. It helped clarify how different institutions can collaborate and use financial intelligence more effectively.\n\nOthers noted how the practical group exercise mirrored real inter-agency dynamics:\n\n> The methodology, especially the teamwork component, reflects how we should be working in real life — analysts, investigators, and prosecutors together.\n\n### Putting knowledge into practice\n\nAcross all three countries, participants described the course as directly applicable. The blend of theory, tools and simulated investigation work gave them the confidence to apply new skills immediately.\n\nOne participant in Ecuador reflected:\n\n> The practical case helped us think like investigators and apply analytical techniques in a structured way.\n\nParticipants particularly valued the exposure to diverse methods of gathering and analysing financial data. These elements came together in the simulated case that integrated automated tools such as database and OSINT search, along with AI-powered interview simulations.\n\nBy working in a setting that closely mirrored reality, participants were able to visualise how these skills could be applied in their daily work.\n\n### Positive signs\n\nThe training programmes in Mozambique and Tanzania were delivered as part of the Basel Institute’s country programmes, with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).\n\nBoth countries made significant progress in strengthening the effectiveness of their AML\u002FCFT systems: the FATF confirmed Tanzania’s exit from its grey list of jurisdictions subject to increased monitoring in June 2025, while Mozambique’s Financial Intelligence Unit (GiFIM) joined the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units in July 2025.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   View ICAR’s [training programmes on financial investigations and asset recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes) for government agencies.\n*   Interested in learning opportunities as an individual? Check out our [free eLearning courses](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F) and our new advanced study programme with the University of Basel on [Combating Financial Crime Through Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Flearning\u002Fbasel-study\u002Fcas-asset-recovery).\n*   The [Expert Edition Plus service of our Basel AML Index](https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fexpert-edition) – a widely used country index and risk assessment tool for money laundering and related financial crimes – allows users to view countries’ individual performance under the FATF’s Recommendations and Immediate Outcomes. Subscription is free for public-sector and non-profit organisations.","2025-08-21",[829],"Asset Recovery","bridging-intelligence-and-investigations-advanced-operational-analysis-training-2842",[832],"Training",2842,[835],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[832],{"id":838,"storage":44,"filename_disk":839,"filename_download":840,"title":824,"type":841,"created_on":822,"modified_on":822,"charset":12,"filesize":842,"width":843,"height":844,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":845,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":822},"44a89ec3-2bdc-464e-9101-043560e20a2c","44a89ec3-2bdc-464e-9101-043560e20a2c.webp","tmp.webp","image\u002Fwebp",43404,800,600,{},[847,869,882],{"id":848,"news_id":849,"countries_id":863},7788,{"id":821,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":822,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":823,"title":824,"type":825,"body":826,"image":838,"date":827,"topic":850,"slug":830,"activity":851,"nid":833,"topics":852,"activities":853,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":20,"countries":854,"tags":857,"authors":858,"images":860,"translations":861,"content":862},[829],[832],[835],[832],[848,855,856],7789,7790,[],[859],1348,[],[],[],{"id":864,"name":865,"code":866,"latitude":867,"longitude":868},60,"Ecuador","EC",-1.83124,-78.18341,{"id":855,"news_id":870,"countries_id":881},{"id":821,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":822,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":823,"title":824,"type":825,"body":826,"image":838,"date":827,"topic":871,"slug":830,"activity":872,"nid":833,"topics":873,"activities":874,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":20,"countries":875,"tags":876,"authors":877,"images":878,"translations":879,"content":880},[829],[832],[835],[832],[848,855,856],[],[859],[],[],[],{"id":712,"name":713,"code":714,"latitude":715,"longitude":716},{"id":856,"news_id":883,"countries_id":894},{"id":821,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":822,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":823,"title":824,"type":825,"body":826,"image":838,"date":827,"topic":884,"slug":830,"activity":885,"nid":833,"topics":886,"activities":887,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":20,"countries":888,"tags":889,"authors":890,"images":891,"translations":892,"content":893},[829],[832],[835],[832],[848,855,856],[],[859],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[897],{"id":859,"news_id":898,"authors_id":909},{"id":821,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":822,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":823,"title":824,"type":825,"body":826,"image":838,"date":827,"topic":899,"slug":830,"activity":900,"nid":833,"topics":901,"activities":902,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":20,"countries":903,"tags":904,"authors":905,"images":906,"translations":907,"content":908},[829],[832],[835],[832],[848,855,856],[],[859],[],[],[],{"id":910,"name":911,"position":12,"image":912},326,"Thierry Ravalomanda","c62dd983-c817-4419-90fb-c7697d7a449f",[],[],[],{"id":917,"status":11,"date_created":918,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"date":923,"topic":924,"slug":927,"activity":928,"nid":931,"topics":932,"activities":933,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":934,"language":12,"image":936,"translation_of":12,"countries":945,"tags":1173,"authors":1174,"images":1192,"translations":1193,"content":1194},10403,"2023-11-14T11:01:29.000Z","2025-08-31T23:14:40.000Z","Southern Africa’s fight against corruption needs Collective Action","Blog","A [high-level meeting](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.observer24.com.na\u002Fsadc-anti-corruption-workshop-kick-starts-in-swakopmund\u002F) of heads of anti-corruption agencies in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) last month was a chance to take stock of member countries’ efforts to tackle corruption.\n\nThe meeting allowed for a reflection on many ongoing activities and discussions around Collective Action in the region this year. It was the perfect opportunity to reflect on how to galvanise joint efforts against the region’s biggest scourge.\n\nSpeaking to delegates, Scarlet Wannenwetsch, Collective Action Specialist, highlighted the underused capacity of the private sector. Businesses are full of dynamism and talent, both of which are critical in fighting corruption and (other) transnational crimes.\n\nTo harness the private sector’s potential, she emphasised the importance of building trust by fostering regional multi-stakeholder networks. Bringing together anti-corruption champions from the public sector, private sector and civil society helps to create [“good” networks](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F1773) – ones powerful enough to fight the corrupt networks that are holding back development in the region.\n\n### Appetite for engagement\n\nThe Basel Institute has been a long-standing partner of the SADC Secretariat through the work of the Private Sector team. Our team has been impressed by the level of innovation in the region. Some feature in a [publication capturing good practices](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2280) that was created by, with and for anti-corruption agencies in Africa.\n\nWe have also been training SADC corruption prevention officers on how to engage with the private sector through Collective Action approaches.\n\nOur partners consistently express a desire for more opportunities to engage and exchange with other stakeholders. They realise that no one group can tackle corruption alone.\n\n### Working towards building a community of practice\n\nTo sow the seeds for such a regional multi-stakeholder network, we launched the first [Southern African Anti-Corruption Collective Action Forum](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Fsouthern-africa-anti-corruption-collective-action-forum-2023\u002F#lg=1&slide=0) earlier this year in collaboration with the [Southern African Anti-Corruption Network](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.saacon.org\u002Fhome-0) (SAACoN) and [The Ethics Institute](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tei.org.za\u002F). The event brought together participants from the private sector, civil society and government institutions to discuss concrete opportunities for learning and collaboration. For many, it was the first time they had met at the regional level.\n\nThe event was also a chance to celebrate progress. CoST Uganda won our [Southern Africa Anti-Corruption Collective Action Award](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fget-involved\u002Fevents\u002Fsouthern-africa-anti-corruption-collective-action-forum-2023\u002Fawards) for its outstanding achievements in tackling corruption and raising business integrity in the region.\n\n### What’s next?\n\nIn order to build on the momentum of the Forum and on the energy of the SADC region’s anti-corruption leaders, it is crucial that member states continue to prioritise collaboration and Collective Action.\n\nGovernment anti-corruption agencies needs close, sustained collaboration with the private sector and civil society if they want to develop a more inclusive strategy to prevent corruption – and if they want that strategy to actually work in practice. That applies not only at the country and sector level, but at the regional level too. And that’s what Collective Action can bring.\n\nWe look forward to continuing our fruitful collaboration with the SADC Secretariat and wider partners to support anti-corruption Collective Action in the region.\n\nLearn more about our work on the [B20 Collective Action Hub](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F) and find inspiration in its global database of [initiatives](https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Finitiatives).","2023-11-12",[925,926],"Collective Action","Private Sector","southern-africas-fight-against-corruption-needs-collective-action-2534",[929,930],"Events","Insights",2534,[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],"Main page",{"id":937,"storage":44,"filename_disk":938,"filename_download":939,"title":920,"type":841,"created_on":940,"modified_on":941,"charset":12,"filesize":942,"width":943,"height":135,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":944,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":941},"07089d28-651a-45c7-be2d-00aebafeb24f","07089d28-651a-45c7-be2d-00aebafeb24f.webp","SADC anti-corruption meeting.webp","2025-05-12T21:11:26.000Z","2026-05-06T07:35:16.000Z",67980,1600,{},[946,979,998,1012,1031,1050,1069,1083,1102,1116,1135,1154],{"id":947,"news_id":948,"countries_id":973},7150,{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":950,"slug":927,"activity":951,"nid":931,"topics":952,"activities":953,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":954,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":955,"tags":967,"authors":968,"images":970,"translations":971,"content":972},"b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30",[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],7151,7152,7153,7154,7155,7156,7157,7158,7159,7160,7161,[],[969],1133,[],[],[],{"id":974,"name":975,"code":976,"latitude":977,"longitude":978},9,"Angola","AO",-11.20269,17.87389,{"id":956,"news_id":980,"countries_id":992},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":981,"slug":927,"activity":982,"nid":931,"topics":983,"activities":984,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":985,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":986,"tags":987,"authors":988,"images":989,"translations":990,"content":991},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":993,"name":994,"code":995,"latitude":996,"longitude":997},33,"Botswana","BW",-22.32847,24.68487,{"id":957,"news_id":999,"countries_id":1011},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1000,"slug":927,"activity":1001,"nid":931,"topics":1002,"activities":1003,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1004,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1005,"tags":1006,"authors":1007,"images":1008,"translations":1009,"content":1010},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":674,"name":675,"code":676,"latitude":677,"longitude":678},{"id":958,"news_id":1013,"countries_id":1025},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1014,"slug":927,"activity":1015,"nid":931,"topics":1016,"activities":1017,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1018,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1019,"tags":1020,"authors":1021,"images":1022,"translations":1023,"content":1024},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1026,"name":1027,"code":1028,"latitude":1029,"longitude":1030},130,"Lesotho","LS",-29.60999,28.23361,{"id":959,"news_id":1032,"countries_id":1044},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1033,"slug":927,"activity":1034,"nid":931,"topics":1035,"activities":1036,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1037,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1038,"tags":1039,"authors":1040,"images":1041,"translations":1042,"content":1043},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1045,"name":1046,"code":1047,"latitude":1048,"longitude":1049},139,"Madagascar","MG",-18.76695,46.86911,{"id":960,"news_id":1051,"countries_id":1063},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1052,"slug":927,"activity":1053,"nid":931,"topics":1054,"activities":1055,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1056,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1057,"tags":1058,"authors":1059,"images":1060,"translations":1061,"content":1062},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1064,"name":1065,"code":1066,"latitude":1067,"longitude":1068},153,"Malawi","MW",-13.25431,34.30152,{"id":961,"news_id":1070,"countries_id":1082},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1071,"slug":927,"activity":1072,"nid":931,"topics":1073,"activities":1074,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1075,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1076,"tags":1077,"authors":1078,"images":1079,"translations":1080,"content":1081},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":712,"name":713,"code":714,"latitude":715,"longitude":716},{"id":962,"news_id":1084,"countries_id":1096},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1085,"slug":927,"activity":1086,"nid":931,"topics":1087,"activities":1088,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1089,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1090,"tags":1091,"authors":1092,"images":1093,"translations":1094,"content":1095},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1097,"name":1098,"code":1099,"latitude":1100,"longitude":1101},157,"Namibia","NA",-22.95764,18.49041,{"id":963,"news_id":1103,"countries_id":1115},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1104,"slug":927,"activity":1105,"nid":931,"topics":1106,"activities":1107,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1108,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1109,"tags":1110,"authors":1111,"images":1112,"translations":1113,"content":1114},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":964,"news_id":1117,"countries_id":1129},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1118,"slug":927,"activity":1119,"nid":931,"topics":1120,"activities":1121,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1122,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1123,"tags":1124,"authors":1125,"images":1126,"translations":1127,"content":1128},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1130,"name":1131,"code":1132,"latitude":1133,"longitude":1134},243,"South Africa","ZA",-30.55948,22.93751,{"id":965,"news_id":1136,"countries_id":1148},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1137,"slug":927,"activity":1138,"nid":931,"topics":1139,"activities":1140,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1141,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1142,"tags":1143,"authors":1144,"images":1145,"translations":1146,"content":1147},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1149,"name":1150,"code":1151,"latitude":1152,"longitude":1153},244,"Zambia","ZM",-13.1339,27.84933,{"id":966,"news_id":1155,"countries_id":1167},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1156,"slug":927,"activity":1157,"nid":931,"topics":1158,"activities":1159,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1160,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1161,"tags":1162,"authors":1163,"images":1164,"translations":1165,"content":1166},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1168,"name":1169,"code":1170,"latitude":1171,"longitude":1172},245,"Zimbabwe","ZW",-19.01544,29.15486,[],[1175],{"id":969,"news_id":1176,"authors_id":1188},{"id":917,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":918,"user_updated":949,"date_updated":919,"title":920,"type":921,"body":922,"image":937,"date":923,"topic":1177,"slug":927,"activity":1178,"nid":931,"topics":1179,"activities":1180,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1181,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1182,"tags":1183,"authors":1184,"images":1185,"translations":1186,"content":1187},[925,926],[929,930],[925,926],[929,930],[935,925],[947,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966],[],[969],[],[],[],{"id":1189,"name":1190,"position":12,"image":1191},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch","d9d0987f-7bda-4ad1-b9fe-c2704767a025",[],[],[],{"id":1196,"status":11,"date_created":1197,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"date":1201,"topic":1202,"slug":1203,"activity":1204,"nid":1206,"topics":1207,"activities":1208,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1209,"language":12,"image":1210,"translation_of":12,"countries":1218,"tags":1326,"authors":1343,"images":1360,"translations":1361,"content":1362},10321,"2022-11-29T11:01:24.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:24.000Z","Grey-listing for anti-money laundering failings: focus on Sub-Saharan Africa","_A new special short report for the_ [_Basel AML Index_](https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002F) _analyses why so many Sub-Saharan African countries are on the so-called_ [_grey list_](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fhigh-risk-and-other-monitored-jurisdictions\u002F?hf=10&b=0&s=desc(fatf_releasedate)) _of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)._\n\n_It covers the impacts on their economic development, the process of grey-listing and what governments need to do to be removed from the list. It also touches on specific areas of concern for anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML\u002FCFT) in Sub-Saharan Africa._\n\n### Eight countries in Sub-Saharan Africa now grey-listed\n\nIn October 2022, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique and Tanzania were [added](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fhigh-risk-and-other-monitored-jurisdictions\u002Fdocuments\u002Fincreased-monitoring-october-2022.html#:~:text=The%20FATF%20Standards%20do%20not,below%20in%20their%20risk%20analysis) to the so-called FATF grey list. Officially known as the “list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring”, the FATF grey list includes countries that are assessed to have strategic deficiencies in their national regimes to counter money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing.\n\nSub-Saharan Africa now accounts for a third of countries on the grey list. This aligns with findings of the Basel AML Index, the Basel Institute’s ranking and risk assessment tool for money laundering and terrorist financing (ML\u002FTF). In the 2022 Public Edition of the Basel AML Index, the Sub-Saharan Africa region scored poorly for resilience to ML\u002FTF and more than 60 percent of countries fell into the high-risk category.\n\nAlthough grey-listed countries are not subject to sanctions, being placed on the list does have severe implications for their economies. These include a substantial decline in capital inflows and foreign direct investment.\n\n### Entering and leaving the grey list\n\nThe short report looks at the FATF’s process for grey-listing, which starts with being referred to the special International Co-operation Review Group for one year.\n\nIt then looks at what countries need to do to be removed from the list. A high-level political commitment is essential, as is completing an action plan developed to address each’s country’s specific gaps.\n\nOur analysis shows specific areas where Sub-Saharan African countries display particular weaknesses, and where regional support initiatives may be helpful. Cross-cutting weaknesses at the government level include the fundamental steps of accurately assessing ML\u002FTF risks and developing a risk-based approach to supervision. Enhancing the capacities of law enforcement agencies and financial intelligence units is also a key need.\n\nIt takes effort to complete the action plan, but progress is always welcomed. When an on-site visit confirms that all items are satisfactorily achieved, the FATF announces the country’s removal from the grey list at its next plenary meeting.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   [Download](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2022-11\u002F221128%20Special%20report%20greylisting%20in%20SSA_final.pdf) the special report on FATF grey-listing in Sub-Saharan Africa.\n*   The report complements a new series of short reports on jurisdictions that have been delisted from the FATF grey list. These will publicly available on the Basel AML Index website ([Downloads page](https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fdownload)).\n*   Remember: the Basel AML Index [Expert Edition](https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fexpert-edition) offers a sophisticated tool for analysing geographic ML\u002FTF risk. Subscriptions are free to most organisations outside the private sector, as well as journalists.","2022-11-29",[612,829],"grey-listing-for-anti-money-laundering-failings-focus-on-sub-saharan-africa-2320",[1205,930],"Reports",2320,[612,835],[1205,930],[935],{"id":1211,"storage":44,"filename_disk":1212,"filename_download":1213,"title":1199,"type":841,"created_on":1214,"modified_on":1215,"charset":12,"filesize":1216,"width":943,"height":390,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1217,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1215},"b95a9d18-c53a-4289-a7ad-6fa51334924f","b95a9d18-c53a-4289-a7ad-6fa51334924f.webp","SSA greylisting mockup.webp","2025-05-12T21:15:59.000Z","2026-05-06T07:34:55.000Z",67294,{},[1219,1242,1256,1270,1284,1298,1312],{"id":1220,"news_id":1221,"countries_id":1241},7208,{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1222,"slug":1203,"activity":1223,"nid":1206,"topics":1224,"activities":1225,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1226,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1227,"tags":1234,"authors":1236,"images":1238,"translations":1239,"content":1240},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],7209,7210,7211,7212,7213,7214,[1235],5717,[1237],1152,[],[],[],{"id":655,"name":656,"code":657,"latitude":658,"longitude":659},{"id":1228,"news_id":1243,"countries_id":1255},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1244,"slug":1203,"activity":1245,"nid":1206,"topics":1246,"activities":1247,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1248,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1249,"tags":1250,"authors":1251,"images":1252,"translations":1253,"content":1254},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":674,"name":675,"code":676,"latitude":677,"longitude":678},{"id":1229,"news_id":1257,"countries_id":1269},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1258,"slug":1203,"activity":1259,"nid":1206,"topics":1260,"activities":1261,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1262,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1263,"tags":1264,"authors":1265,"images":1266,"translations":1267,"content":1268},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":693,"name":694,"code":695,"latitude":696,"longitude":697},{"id":1230,"news_id":1271,"countries_id":1283},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1272,"slug":1203,"activity":1273,"nid":1206,"topics":1274,"activities":1275,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1276,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1277,"tags":1278,"authors":1279,"images":1280,"translations":1281,"content":1282},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":712,"name":713,"code":714,"latitude":715,"longitude":716},{"id":1231,"news_id":1285,"countries_id":1297},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1286,"slug":1203,"activity":1287,"nid":1206,"topics":1288,"activities":1289,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1290,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1291,"tags":1292,"authors":1293,"images":1294,"translations":1295,"content":1296},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":731,"name":732,"code":733,"latitude":734,"longitude":735},{"id":1232,"news_id":1299,"countries_id":1311},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1300,"slug":1203,"activity":1301,"nid":1206,"topics":1302,"activities":1303,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1304,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1305,"tags":1306,"authors":1307,"images":1308,"translations":1309,"content":1310},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":1233,"news_id":1313,"countries_id":1325},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1314,"slug":1203,"activity":1315,"nid":1206,"topics":1316,"activities":1317,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1318,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1319,"tags":1320,"authors":1321,"images":1322,"translations":1323,"content":1324},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":410,"name":411,"code":412,"latitude":413,"longitude":414},[1327],{"id":1235,"news_id":1328,"tags_id":1340},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1329,"slug":1203,"activity":1330,"nid":1206,"topics":1331,"activities":1332,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1333,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1334,"tags":1335,"authors":1336,"images":1337,"translations":1338,"content":1339},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":1341,"name":1342},818,"Anti-money laundering",[1344],{"id":1237,"news_id":1345,"authors_id":1357},{"id":1196,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1197,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1198,"title":1199,"type":825,"body":1200,"image":1211,"date":1201,"topic":1346,"slug":1203,"activity":1347,"nid":1206,"topics":1348,"activities":1349,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1350,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1351,"tags":1352,"authors":1353,"images":1354,"translations":1355,"content":1356},[612,829],[1205,930],[612,835],[1205,930],[935],[1220,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233],[1235],[1237],[],[],[],{"id":1358,"name":1359,"position":12,"image":816},556,"Dr Kateryna Boguslavska",[],[],[],{"id":1364,"status":11,"date_created":1365,"date_updated":1366,"title":1367,"type":825,"body":1368,"date":1369,"topic":1370,"slug":1372,"activity":1373,"nid":1375,"topics":1376,"activities":1377,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1378,"language":12,"image":1379,"translation_of":12,"countries":1387,"tags":1405,"authors":1434,"images":1435,"translations":1436,"content":1437},10310,"2022-10-25T16:01:25.000Z","2026-05-07T21:29:54.000Z","New Working Paper on developing anti-corruption interventions based on a behaviour change approach","The Basel Institute's Public Governance team has published a new Working Paper that provides guidance on developing anti-corruption interventions based on a Social Norms and Behaviour Change (SNBC) approach.\n\nStill a relatively nascent field, SNBC interventions typically address social norms that make corruption acceptable or expected, and attempt to influence behaviours away from corrupt practices. \n\nThe guidance is based on lessons learned from a largely successful pilot project in Tanzania that targeted social norms fuelling bribery (\"gift giving\") in health facilities and attempted to change the behaviours of both health care providers and users away from exchanging gifts. Survey results showed a 14–44% decrease in gift-giving intentions, attitudes and positive beliefs among hospital users following the pilot intervention.\n\nThe guidance covers:\n\n*   How to identify when a SNBC approach is suitable\n*   Essential background research needed to design anti-corruption SNBC interventions\n*   Frameworks to formulate theories of change\n*   Specific elements to build into SNBC interventions\n*   What practitioners should expect when embarking on an SNBC intervention\n*   Ways they can help build evidence and understanding of SNBC approaches in the anti-corruption field.\n\nThe publication was supported by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The pilot intervention that serves as the basis for most of the reflections included in this document was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE), funded with UK aid from the UK government.\n\nView and download [Working Paper 40: Developing anti-corruption interventions addressing social norms](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-40).","2022-07-27",[26,1371]," Research and Innovation","new-working-paper-on-developing-anti-corruption-interventions-based-on-a-behaviour-change-approach-2296",[1374],"Research",2296,[38],[1374],[935],{"id":1380,"storage":44,"filename_disk":1381,"filename_download":840,"title":1367,"type":841,"created_on":1382,"modified_on":1382,"charset":12,"filesize":1383,"width":1384,"height":1385,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1386,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1382},"96c2883a-bcec-42f2-b916-abc8d8451d02","96c2883a-bcec-42f2-b916-abc8d8451d02.webp","2025-05-12T21:16:23.000Z",31530,1400,933,{},[1388],{"id":1389,"news_id":1390,"countries_id":1404},7226,{"id":1364,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1365,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1366,"title":1367,"type":825,"body":1368,"image":1380,"date":1369,"topic":1391,"slug":1372,"activity":1392,"nid":1375,"topics":1393,"activities":1394,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1395,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1396,"tags":1397,"authors":1400,"images":1401,"translations":1402,"content":1403},[26,1371],[1374],[38],[1374],[935],[1389],[1398,1399],4959,5732,[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[1406,1420],{"id":1398,"news_id":1407,"tags_id":1419},{"id":1364,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1365,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1366,"title":1367,"type":825,"body":1368,"image":1380,"date":1369,"topic":1408,"slug":1372,"activity":1409,"nid":1375,"topics":1410,"activities":1411,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1412,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1413,"tags":1414,"authors":1415,"images":1416,"translations":1417,"content":1418},[26,1371],[1374],[38],[1374],[935],[1389],[1398,1399],[],[],[],[],{"id":273,"name":274},{"id":1399,"news_id":1421,"tags_id":1433},{"id":1364,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1365,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1366,"title":1367,"type":825,"body":1368,"image":1380,"date":1369,"topic":1422,"slug":1372,"activity":1423,"nid":1375,"topics":1424,"activities":1425,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1426,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1427,"tags":1428,"authors":1429,"images":1430,"translations":1431,"content":1432},[26,1371],[1374],[38],[1374],[935],[1389],[1398,1399],[],[],[],[],{"id":305,"name":306},[],[],[],[],{"id":1439,"status":11,"date_created":1440,"date_updated":1441,"title":1442,"type":825,"body":1443,"date":1444,"topic":1445,"slug":1446,"activity":1447,"nid":1448,"topics":1449,"activities":1450,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1451,"language":12,"image":1452,"translation_of":12,"countries":1458,"tags":1474,"authors":1475,"images":1476,"translations":1477,"content":1478},9526,"2022-05-26T22:52:00.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:39.000Z","Building senior leadership skills  to support Tanzania’s fight against corruption","An eight-month training programme for senior leaders of Tanzania and Zanzibar's anti-corruption and economic crimes authorities concluded last week, in the presence of Minister Haroun Ali Suleiman (Zanzibar’s Minister for Constitutional and Legal Affairs) and Didier Chassot (Switzerland’s Ambassador to Tanzania).\n\nThe final five-day module, which took place in person, provided a chance for the 20 participants from Tanzania’s Preventing and Combating of Corruption Bureau ([PCCB](https:\u002F\u002Fpccb.go.tz\u002Findex.php\u002Fsw\u002F)) and the Zanzibar Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Authority ([ZAECA](https:\u002F\u002Fzaeca.go.tz\u002F)) to demonstrate the leadership models and skills they had developed throughout the course.\n\nDelivered by our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) in partnership with [AML Consulting (Global)](https:\u002F\u002Famlcglobal.com\u002F), the modular Senior Leadership Development Programme covered topics including critical thinking and decision making, transformational change, leadership styles, developing teams, leading through conflict, and improving organisational culture.\n\nStrong leadership is possibly the single most important factor in the fight against corruption and other economic crimes. As Didier Chassot, Switzerland’s Ambassador to Tanzania, commented in his closing remarks:\n\n> _\"Supporting the fight against corruption is a priority of the Swiss Government in Tanzania, and we are therefore delighted to have supported this very valuable training, which has equipped you with critical leadership skills. Senior leaders shape organisations, drive performance, and set organisational culture, and we trust that the skills and behaviours you have learned and demonstrated during the programme will help you set standards for others to follow and deliver change.\"_\n\nSwitzerland’s Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, through the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC) and the Embassy of Switzerland in Tanzania, has been supporting ICAR’s assistance to Tanzania’s anti-corruption authorities for more than six years. Since then, the programme has [successfully built capacity](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fwhats-next-tanzanias-efforts-tackle-corruption-and-recover-stolen-assets) to investigate and prosecute corruption and to recover stolen assets through hands-on mentoring combined with training and institutional development advice.\n\nA new [agreement was signed with ZAECA](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-partnership-agreement-support-zanzibars-fight-against-corruption) in June 2021, shortly before the training commenced, and with [Zanzibar’s Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fnew-partnership-zanzibars-office-director-public-prosecutions) in January 2022.","2022-03-02",[829],"building-senior-leadership-skills-to-support-tanzanias-fight-against-corruption-2193",[832],2193,[835],[832],[935],{"id":1453,"storage":44,"filename_disk":1454,"filename_download":840,"title":1442,"type":841,"created_on":1455,"modified_on":1455,"charset":12,"filesize":1456,"width":1384,"height":1385,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1457,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1455},"682450fb-7949-451f-a5c0-399595d397af","682450fb-7949-451f-a5c0-399595d397af.webp","2025-05-12T21:17:00.000Z",147760,{},[1459],{"id":1460,"news_id":1461,"countries_id":1473},7269,{"id":1439,"status":11,"user_created":57,"date_created":1440,"user_updated":58,"date_updated":1441,"title":1442,"type":825,"body":1443,"image":1453,"date":1444,"topic":1462,"slug":1446,"activity":1463,"nid":1448,"topics":1464,"activities":1465,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1466,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":1467,"tags":1468,"authors":1469,"images":1470,"translations":1471,"content":1472},[829],[832],[835],[832],[935],[1460],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[],[],[],[],47,{"items":1481,"total":1508},[1482],{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1487,"area":1489,"image":1491,"content":1504,"tags":1563,"countries":1608},"Applying behavioural insights to reduce corruption in a Tanzanian hospital","How a behavioural anti-corruption pilot in a Dar es Salaam hospital reduced gift-giving and generated evidence on how social norms interventions can tackle corruption in public services.","tz-hospital","- **Direct impact:** Reduced gift-giving intentions, attitudes and positive beliefs among hospital users by 14–44 percent within eight weeks.\n- **Behaviour change mechanism:** Trained peer champions, visible leadership support and workplace messaging shifted social norms around gift acceptance among health workers.\n- **Systemic impact:** Generated practical evidence showing that social norms and behaviour change interventions can complement traditional anti-corruption controls in frontline public services.",[1488],"Africa",[1490],"Anti-corruption and prevention",{"id":1492,"storage":44,"filename_disk":1493,"filename_download":1494,"title":1495,"type":841,"created_on":1496,"modified_on":1497,"charset":12,"filesize":1498,"width":1499,"height":1500,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":1501,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1502,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1503},"3db2e132-5c95-4e29-87ef-141047e12dc0","3db2e132-5c95-4e29-87ef-141047e12dc0.webp","Gemini_Generated_Image_prumrlprumrlprum.webp","Gemini Generated Image Prumrlprumrlprum","2026-05-22T13:46:54.000Z","2026-05-29T21:37:53.000Z",114158,2752,1536,"Anti-gift giving poster as part of a pilot anti-corruption intervention in a public hospital in Tanzania.",{},"2026-05-22T13:46:55.000Z",[1505,1527,1539,1551],{"id":1506,"collection":1507,"sort":1508,"stories_id":1509,"item":1523},35,"text",1,{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1510,"area":1511,"content":1512,"tags":1515,"countries":1521},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],36,37,[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],12,13,14,15,16,[1522],8,{"id":1524,"text":1525,"class":12,"title":1526,"anchor":12},73,"In many public service settings, including health facilities, users offer unofficial “gifts” to frontline staff to build social relationships and secure better treatment. Rooted in social norms of reciprocity, this practice can fuel petty corruption, entrench inequality and distort access to essential services like healthcare. Traditional anti-corruption measures like training or controls are often insufficient in such contexts, but approaches that target social norms and behaviour change show promise.","The situation",{"id":1513,"collection":1507,"sort":1528,"stories_id":1529,"item":1535},2,{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1530,"area":1531,"content":1532,"tags":1533,"countries":1534},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":1536,"text":1537,"class":12,"title":1538,"anchor":12},74,"We piloted a behavioural anti-corruption intervention in a public hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in collaboration with the UK Behavioural Insights Team, the University of Dar es Salaam and the University of Utrecht. The intervention targeted social norms underpinning gift-giving and leveraged the social networks of health workers.\n\nUsing a peer-driven model, we recruited and trained anti-corruption champions from multiple professional groups. These champions shared messages discouraging gift acceptance in staff meetings and personal conversations. \n\nPosters and desk signs reinforced the messages, stating that staff do not accept bribes. Desk signs also provided guidance on tactfully refusing gifts and appealed to professional ethics, with endorsement from hospital management and the national medical association.","What we did",{"id":1514,"collection":1507,"sort":1540,"stories_id":1541,"item":1547},3,{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1542,"area":1543,"content":1544,"tags":1545,"countries":1546},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":1548,"text":1549,"class":12,"title":1550,"anchor":12},75,"**Direct impact: measurable behaviour change**\nWithin eight weeks, the pilot recorded a 14–44 percent reduction in gift-giving intentions, attitudes and positive beliefs among hospital users. Posters and peer messaging proved more effective than written guidance on how to refuse gifts. Some beliefs – particularly around gifts given as “gratitude” after services – were more resistant to change.\n\n**Indirect impact: evidence and models for wider reform**\nBeyond the measurable results, the pilot generated practical insights for tackling corruption rooted in social norms. It demonstrated the importance of clearly communicating that all forms of gift-giving constitute corruption, highlighting the negative consequences and using trusted peer networks and visible leadership support to reinforce behaviour change.\n\nThe intervention also showed the value of locally adapted, participatory approaches that complement traditional compliance measures. These lessons provide a foundation for applying similar social norms interventions in other hospitals and adapting the approach to address corruption risks in other public service sectors.","The impact",{"id":674,"collection":1507,"sort":1552,"stories_id":1553,"item":1559},4,{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1554,"area":1555,"content":1556,"tags":1557,"countries":1558},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":1560,"text":1561,"class":12,"title":1562,"anchor":12},76,"The Tanzania hospital pilot reflects the Basel Institute’s broader approach of linking research with practical anti-corruption action. Our Prevention, Research and Innovation team examines how corruption is shaped by social norms, informal practices and political realities, recognising that behaviour change is central to sustainable reform.\n\nBy piloting innovative interventions in real-world settings, we generate evidence on what works in practice. These insights inform anti-corruption strategies used by governments, development partners and civil society organisations, and support the design of behaviour-focused interventions alongside traditional compliance and enforcement measures.","Wider context",[1564,1572,1582,1590,1598],{"id":1516,"stories_id":1565,"tags_id":1571},{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1566,"area":1567,"content":1568,"tags":1569,"countries":1570},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":273,"name":274},{"id":1517,"stories_id":1573,"tags_id":1579},{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1574,"area":1575,"content":1576,"tags":1577,"countries":1578},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":1580,"name":1581},859,"Corruption risks",{"id":1518,"stories_id":1583,"tags_id":1589},{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1584,"area":1585,"content":1586,"tags":1587,"countries":1588},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":305,"name":306},{"id":1519,"stories_id":1591,"tags_id":1597},{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1592,"area":1593,"content":1594,"tags":1595,"countries":1596},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":289,"name":290},{"id":1520,"stories_id":1599,"tags_id":1605},{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1600,"area":1601,"content":1602,"tags":1603,"countries":1604},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":1606,"name":1607},1381,"Health",[1609],{"id":1522,"stories_id":1610,"countries_id":1616},{"id":974,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":1483,"image":1492,"description":1484,"slug":1485,"highlights":1486,"region":1611,"area":1612,"content":1613,"tags":1614,"countries":1615},[1488],[1490],[1506,1513,1514,674],[1516,1517,1518,1519,1520],[1522],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},1780676664426]