[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":447},["ShallowReactive",2],{"country-sierra-leone":3,"country-publications-sierra-leone-1":7,"country-stories-sierra-leone-1":10,"country-news-sierra-leone-1":12},{"name":4,"ids":5},"Sierra Leone",[6],200,{"items":8,"total":9},[],0,{"items":11,"total":9},[],{"items":13,"total":446},[14,129,252],{"id":15,"status":16,"date_created":17,"date_updated":18,"title":19,"type":20,"body":21,"date":22,"topic":23,"slug":25,"activity":26,"nid":28,"topics":29,"activities":31,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":33,"language":32,"image":35,"translation_of":32,"countries":46,"tags":108,"authors":125,"images":126,"translations":127,"content":128},10297,"published","2022-08-14T19:46:07.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:23.000Z","Zambia hosts first ICAR training programme on non-conviction based forfeiture ","News","Anti-corruption and asset recovery specialists in Kenya, Sierra Leone and Zambia have taken an important step forward in developing their ability to recover the proceeds of financial and other serious crime.\n\nTwenty-five officers from the three countries came together in Zambia during 25–29 July 2022 for the first ever delivery of a new International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) training programme on non-conviction based forfeiture (NCBF). Developed and delivered by our ICAR [training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes), the intensive programme gave participants the practical knowledge and skills needed to recover criminal assets using NBCF legislation in their respective countries.\n\nGilbert Phiri, Director General of the Zambian Anti-Corruption Commission, summed up the importance of NBCF legislation and its effective application in a welcome speech read on his behalf by the Secretary to the Commission, Ivor Mukwanka.\n\nMr Phiri noted that the criminal justice system the world over is placing greater emphasis on the recovery of ill-gotten wealth, in order to deprive criminals of the opportunity to enjoy the proceeds of their crime. NCBF is an important option to pursue when there are challenges in obtaining a criminal conviction, he said. It brings many benefits in addition to the return of forfeited assets to the state, including reduced costs and more efficient processing of cases by the courts.\n\nA simulated case with real-world application\n--------------------------------------------\n\nThe new NCBF course follows the winning formula of ICAR training programmes: participants learn key principles and techniques in short knowledge sessions, then apply them straight away in a simulated case.\n\nThe participants worked together in small “task forces” to trace, identify and forfeit the proceeds and instrumentalities of crime in the simulated case, which had been tailored to meet local legislation. The challenge here is the differences in legal provisions and approaches between countries. The training was a chance to examine those differences and understand better how to co-operate across international borders.\n\nOne participant commented on how the training opened up exciting new avenues for the recovery of criminal assets:\n\n> Understanding the procedural aspects and phases of NBCF will help me in my investigations: instead of just focusing on the criminal route, I will be able to target the proceeds of crime and probably have them forfeited even in the absence of a criminal conviction.\n\nAnother mentioned\n\n> …the fact that NBCF proceedings can be commenced at any point – before, during or after criminal investigations. I will therefore re-look at all my cases, including those that have already been disposed by the courts, for the possibility of applying for NBCF of the assets.\n\nPartnership with Zambia’s Drug Enforcement Commission\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\nDuring the week, the Basel Institute on Governance (represented by Senior Investigation Specialist and regional Coordinator Simon Marsh) and Zambian Drug Enforcement Commission (DEC, represented by its Deputy Director General Ms Ronnet Chanda) [signed a memorandum of understanding](http:\u002F\u002Fyoutu.be\u002Fj0c1wQU7XlY) covering long-term collaboration on building capacity to recover illicit assets. \n\nIn a speech at the end of the training workshop, Ms Chanda highlighted the need for officers of the participating agencies to continuously build skills to\n\n> stay abreast of global changing trends.\n\nMs Chanda also emphasised the opportunity for sustained cooperation between the three countries, expanding on the\n\n> synergies we have built amongst ourselves… let us continue to exchange information on best practices.\n\nWorking alongside members of the DEC were investigators and prosecutors from Zambia’s Asset Forfeiture Unit and Anti-Corruption Commission, Kenya’s Assets Recovery Agency and Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, and Sierra Leone’s Anti-Corruption Commission.\n\nMore\n----\n\n*   The training is part of an ambitious [project](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2022-05\u002FICAR-INL-info-sheet.pdf) to help increase the capacity of countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa to recover stolen assets through effective, appropriate NCBF legislation. Ten partner countries are involved in the two-year project, which is funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) of the US Department of State.\n*   Learn about [the 2.5-day workshop](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Frecovering-illicit-assets-sub-saharan-africa-regional-workshop-non-conviction-based-forfeiture) in 2021, attended by representatives of the three countries under the same project.\n*   Learn more about the [ICAR training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes) and download the latest brochure in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French.","2022-08-03",[24],"Asset Recovery","zambia-hosts-first-icar-training-programme-on-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-2264",[27],"Training",2264,[30],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[27],null,[34],"Main page",{"id":36,"storage":37,"filename_disk":38,"filename_download":39,"title":19,"type":40,"created_on":41,"modified_on":41,"charset":32,"filesize":42,"width":43,"height":44,"duration":32,"embed":32,"description":32,"location":32,"tags":32,"metadata":45,"focal_point_x":32,"focal_point_y":32,"tus_id":32,"tus_data":32,"uploaded_on":41},"8c71fb58-e59a-4a35-a302-1301419ef2d3","local","8c71fb58-e59a-4a35-a302-1301419ef2d3.webp","tmp.webp","image\u002Fwebp","2025-05-12T21:16:22.000Z",59914,1400,900,{},[47,72,89],{"id":48,"news_id":49,"countries_id":66},7223,{"id":15,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":17,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":18,"title":19,"type":20,"body":21,"image":36,"date":22,"topic":52,"slug":25,"activity":53,"nid":28,"topics":54,"activities":55,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":56,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":57,"tags":60,"authors":62,"images":63,"translations":64,"content":65},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[24],[27],[30],[27],[34],[48,58,59],7224,7225,[61],5731,[],[],[],[],{"id":67,"name":68,"code":69,"latitude":70,"longitude":71},113,"Kenya","KE",-0.02356,37.90619,{"id":58,"news_id":73,"countries_id":85},{"id":15,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":17,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":18,"title":19,"type":20,"body":21,"image":36,"date":22,"topic":74,"slug":25,"activity":75,"nid":28,"topics":76,"activities":77,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":78,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":79,"tags":80,"authors":81,"images":82,"translations":83,"content":84},[24],[27],[30],[27],[34],[48,58,59],[61],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":86,"latitude":87,"longitude":88},"SL",8.46055,-11.77989,{"id":59,"news_id":90,"countries_id":102},{"id":15,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":17,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":18,"title":19,"type":20,"body":21,"image":36,"date":22,"topic":91,"slug":25,"activity":92,"nid":28,"topics":93,"activities":94,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":95,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":96,"tags":97,"authors":98,"images":99,"translations":100,"content":101},[24],[27],[30],[27],[34],[48,58,59],[61],[],[],[],[],{"id":103,"name":104,"code":105,"latitude":106,"longitude":107},244,"Zambia","ZM",-13.1339,27.84933,[109],{"id":61,"news_id":110,"tags_id":122},{"id":15,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":17,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":18,"title":19,"type":20,"body":21,"image":36,"date":22,"topic":111,"slug":25,"activity":112,"nid":28,"topics":113,"activities":114,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":115,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":116,"tags":117,"authors":118,"images":119,"translations":120,"content":121},[24],[27],[30],[27],[34],[48,58,59],[61],[],[],[],[],{"id":123,"name":124},1379,"Non-conviction based forfeiture",[],[],[],[],{"id":130,"status":16,"date_created":131,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"date":135,"topic":136,"slug":137,"activity":138,"nid":141,"topics":142,"activities":143,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":144,"language":32,"image":145,"translation_of":32,"countries":152,"tags":201,"authors":248,"images":249,"translations":250,"content":251},9544,"2022-05-26T22:52:15.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:41.000Z","Recovering illicit assets in Sub-Saharan Africa: regional workshop on non-conviction based forfeiture  ","Anti-corruption investigators and prosecutors from Kenya, Sierra Leone and Zambia joined experts from our International Centre for Asset Recovery on 16–18 November to share experiences of non-conviction based forfeiture (NCBF) laws in their countries.\n\nNCBF laws allow courts to confiscate assets of a criminal nature, even where no conviction has been obtained in relation to criminal conduct. They are a powerful complement to other asset recovery mechanisms, especially in cases where a criminal conviction is not possible because the suspect is dead, has fled justice or is immune from prosecution.\n\nDespite the promise and the success of countries in applying NCBF laws, including for example [Kenya's use of its civil illicit enrichment law](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fcase-study-upholding-unexplained-wealth-judgement-kenyas-anglo-leasing-affair), such mechanisms are not yet widespread or effectively used in many countries.\n\n### Key insights\n\nOver the 2.5-day workshop at the Ocean Beach Resort in Malindi, Kenya, the participants shared positive experiences, challenges and case studies from their own contexts. These included:\n\n*   NCBF laws extend the possibilities to recover illicit assets – including, for example, in cases where it is not possible to prove criminal activity beyond reasonable doubt.\n*   An increased focus on financial investigations and asset tracing will help law enforcement identify more cases with the potential for asset recovery, and make it more likely that NBCF will be used in cases where convictions are not possible.\n*   Using visual methods to convey complex cases will increase their chances of success in court, as will engaging with the judiciary to help develop understanding of NCBF mechanisms. The creation of specialised courts may also be useful.\n*   Public support for NCBF laws is crucial, which requires community outreach and the use of recovered funds in a visibly beneficial way.\n*   Clear and effective systems for asset management can maximise the value of assets throughout proceedings, and reduce liability for the state if the application for forfeiture fails.\n\n### The value of exchange\n\nAs well as learning from one another and from experts of our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR), which organised the workshop, the participants built valuable relationships that will support future collaboration on NCBF cases and lawmaking.\n\nParticipants agreed that this sort of coordination was vital and can lead to higher amounts being recovered.\n\nOne participant commented:\n\n> We have learned a lot from each other, from how the different laws work and for example how one jurisdiction manages recovered assets with a dedicated asset management unit.\n> \n> Thanks to this exchange of information, we will be able to enhance our possibilities to recover illicit assets through non-conviction based means, in the civil courts.\n\nAnother emphasised that:\n\n> We believe that non-conviction based forfeiture laws are a really significant way to fight corruption. There is the deterrent factor, which is huge. It also deprives the person from benefiting from the proceeds of crime.\n> \n> Recovering assets in this way helps to make corruption not just expensive – through fines and sanctions – but also unprofitable, because we get back the money that was stolen.\n\n### About the workshop\n\nThe regional workshop is part of an ambitious project to help increase the capacity of countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa to recover stolen assets through effective, appropriate NCBF legislation. Ten partner countries are involved in the two-year project, which is funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) of the US Department of State.\n\n13 practitioners attended the workshop, from Kenya's Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, the Sierra Leone Anti-Corruption Commission and the Zambian Anti-Corruption Commission.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   Our free eLearning courses offer the chance to learn and practise many of the skills that participants noted were crucial to successful application of NCBF laws. The self-paced courses cover topics such as financial analysis, asset tracing, and creating visual graphs of cases and flows of money. [Visit Basel LEARN](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F).\n*   To help increase understanding of illicit enrichment \u002F unexplained wealth mechanisms for asset recovery, we recently developed and published an open-access book [_Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth_](https:\u002F\u002Fillicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org\u002F). Andrew Dornbierer, Asset Recovery Specialist and author of the book, was also present at the workshop.\n*   Asset management is an integral part of the asset recovery process. This [blog post covers asset management](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fmanaging-seized-and-frozen-assets-what-are-international-norms) in brief, with a focus on international norms.","2021-11-30",[24],"recovering-illicit-assets-in-sub-saharan-africa-regional-workshop-on-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-2140",[139,140],"Partnerships","International cooperation",2140,[30],[139,140],[34],{"id":146,"storage":37,"filename_disk":147,"filename_download":39,"title":133,"type":40,"created_on":148,"modified_on":148,"charset":32,"filesize":149,"width":43,"height":150,"duration":32,"embed":32,"description":32,"location":32,"tags":32,"metadata":151,"focal_point_x":32,"focal_point_y":32,"tus_id":32,"tus_data":32,"uploaded_on":148},"7547f6e1-7a7f-4672-b255-a97489d09c1a","7547f6e1-7a7f-4672-b255-a97489d09c1a.webp","2025-05-12T21:17:19.000Z",81698,726,{},[153,173,187],{"id":154,"news_id":155,"countries_id":172},7275,{"id":130,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":131,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"image":146,"date":135,"topic":156,"slug":137,"activity":157,"nid":141,"topics":158,"activities":159,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":160,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":161,"tags":164,"authors":168,"images":169,"translations":170,"content":171},[24],[139,140],[30],[139,140],[34],[154,162,163],7276,7277,[165,166,167],5771,5772,5773,[],[],[],[],{"id":67,"name":68,"code":69,"latitude":70,"longitude":71},{"id":162,"news_id":174,"countries_id":186},{"id":130,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":131,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"image":146,"date":135,"topic":175,"slug":137,"activity":176,"nid":141,"topics":177,"activities":178,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":179,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":180,"tags":181,"authors":182,"images":183,"translations":184,"content":185},[24],[139,140],[30],[139,140],[34],[154,162,163],[165,166,167],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":86,"latitude":87,"longitude":88},{"id":163,"news_id":188,"countries_id":200},{"id":130,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":131,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"image":146,"date":135,"topic":189,"slug":137,"activity":190,"nid":141,"topics":191,"activities":192,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":193,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":194,"tags":195,"authors":196,"images":197,"translations":198,"content":199},[24],[139,140],[30],[139,140],[34],[154,162,163],[165,166,167],[],[],[],[],{"id":103,"name":104,"code":105,"latitude":106,"longitude":107},[202,216,232],{"id":165,"news_id":203,"tags_id":215},{"id":130,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":131,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"image":146,"date":135,"topic":204,"slug":137,"activity":205,"nid":141,"topics":206,"activities":207,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":208,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":209,"tags":210,"authors":211,"images":212,"translations":213,"content":214},[24],[139,140],[30],[139,140],[34],[154,162,163],[165,166,167],[],[],[],[],{"id":123,"name":124},{"id":166,"news_id":217,"tags_id":229},{"id":130,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":131,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"image":146,"date":135,"topic":218,"slug":137,"activity":219,"nid":141,"topics":220,"activities":221,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":222,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":223,"tags":224,"authors":225,"images":226,"translations":227,"content":228},[24],[139,140],[30],[139,140],[34],[154,162,163],[165,166,167],[],[],[],[],{"id":230,"name":231},1215,"Illicit financial flows",{"id":167,"news_id":233,"tags_id":245},{"id":130,"status":16,"user_created":50,"date_created":131,"user_updated":51,"date_updated":132,"title":133,"type":20,"body":134,"image":146,"date":135,"topic":234,"slug":137,"activity":235,"nid":141,"topics":236,"activities":237,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":238,"translation_of":32,"language":32,"countries":239,"tags":240,"authors":241,"images":242,"translations":243,"content":244},[24],[139,140],[30],[139,140],[34],[154,162,163],[165,166,167],[],[],[],[],{"id":246,"name":247},821,"Unexplained wealth",[],[],[],[],{"id":253,"status":16,"date_created":254,"date_updated":255,"title":256,"type":20,"body":257,"date":258,"topic":259,"slug":261,"activity":262,"nid":264,"topics":265,"activities":266,"programme":32,"area":32,"websites":267,"language":32,"image":268,"translation_of":32,"countries":275,"tags":441,"authors":442,"images":443,"translations":444,"content":445},9647,"2022-05-26T22:53:45.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:47.000Z","Ten-country Advanced Operational Analysis training offers chance to reflect on the effectiveness of AML systems","Twenty anti-corruption investigators and financial intelligence analysts from 10 African countries completed an intensive [Advanced Operational Analysis](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes\u002Fadvanced-operational-analysis) course last week hosted by the [Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.thecaacc.org\u002F) (CAACC).\n\nDelivered online by our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) [training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes), the workshop blended eLearning modules with live video sessions in which the participants worked together to solve a simulated corruption case.\n\n### Enhancing mutual understanding\n\nThe participants came from anti-corruption agencies and Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) in Botswana, South Africa, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Namibia, Mauritius, Zambia and Lesotho.\n\nAs usual in ICAR training programmes, the multi-agency approach helped participants to better understand each other’s needs and roles. FIU analysts were encouraged to tailor their intelligence products to the needs of investigators in law enforcement agencies. In turn, investigators learnt how an FIU operates by taking the [Operational Analysis eLearning module](Enhancing%20mutual%20understanding) and solving the simulated case.\n\nBy the end of the week, participants fully understood the value of breaking silos down, of exchanging information and coordinating their actions, nationally and regionally. \n\n### Reflecting on FATF mutual evaluations\n\nThe training was also an opportunity for the participants to reflect on the lessons learnt from the recent Financial Action Task Force (FATF) evaluations of Mauritius, Zambia and Botswana.\n\nThese three countries have undergone an FATF fourth-round evaluation, which covers the _effectiveness_ of national systems to combat money laundering and terrorist financing and not merely technical compliance with FATF Recommendations. The [Basel AML Index](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fbasel-aml-index), which assesses the risk of money laundering and terrorist financing around the world, has consistently noted that countries typically fall down the rankings when assessed with the new methodology.\n\nThe participants together looked at ways to enhance effectiveness in the use of financial intelligence for money laundering investigations, as well as in investigations, prosecutions and the confiscation of assets.\n\n### Impact and collaboration\n\nThis impact-driven training aimed to provide participants with skills that are directly applicable in their daily work. We were happy to receive participants’ comments including “it touched on similarities of the case I am currently investigating” and “the financial analysis will improve the presentation of my case”. One participant commented that the training will “help me in investigating suspicious transaction reports that I recently received”.\n\nThe Basel Institute has a long-standing relationship with the Botswana-based CAACC and has conducted previous workshops in 2017 and 2020. See our article about the [2020 workshop on Financial Investigations and Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fbuilding-bridges-anti-corruption-cooperation-africa) for more information about the CAACC and our fruitful collaboration.\n\n### ICAR training in multiple languages\n\nTo find out more about ICAR training programmes, please download our latest brochure in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese:\n\n*   [English: Training programmes – Financial investigations and asset recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-11\u002FICAR%20training%20brochure%20Nov%202020.pdf)\n*   [Español: Programas de capacitación – Investigaciones financieras y recuperación de activos](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-12\u002F201208_icar-trainings-spanish.pdf)\n*   [Français : Programmes de formation – Enquêtes financières et recouvrement d’avoirs](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-12\u002F201208_icar-trainings-french.pdf)\n*   [Português: Programas de formação – Investigações financeiras e recuperação de activos](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-12\u002F201208_icar-trainings-portugese.pdf)","2020-12-08",[260,24],"Anti-Money 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