[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1612},["ShallowReactive",2],{"country-peru":3,"country-publications-peru-1":7,"country-stories-peru-1":743,"country-news-peru-1":1165},{"name":4,"ids":5},"Peru",[6],171,{"items":8,"total":742},[9,273,323,409,603],{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":13,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":23,"link_external":30,"featured":22,"topics":31,"languages":33,"type":35,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"image":38,"countries":50,"tags":120,"pdf":169,"authors":192},2439,"published",null,"2026-06-01T22:10:25.000Z","2026-06-02T21:18:25.000Z",2927,"corruption-risk-management-latam-timber-value-chain","Preventing corruption in the timber value chain: Risk management experiences in Latin America","Corruption in the timber value chain is a major challenge for environmental sustainability and governance in Latin America.\n\nThis report presents the application of a corruption risk management approach by environmental authorities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, implemented through technical assistance from the Basel Institute on Governance’s [Green Corruption programme](http:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fgreen-corruption).\n\n[**Download the report here**](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2026-04\u002F260401_Preventing-corruption-in-the-timber-value-chain_Latam.pdf)\n\n### Key corruption risks\n\nThe report describes the main corruption risks identified in collaboration with five environmental authorities responsible for integrity in the timber value chain, covering:\n\n- The granting of forestry rights\n- The issuance and use of timber transport waybills\n- The control and supervision of authorised actors.\n\nThe main corruption risks identified involve:\n\n- Improper agreements between public servants and third parties\n- Abuse of authority\n- Undue influence or pressure from superiors\n\n### Mitigation measures\n\nPlanned mitigation measures fall into four main categories:\n\n- Regulatory improvements, including updating procedures, closing implementation gaps and improving efficiency\n- Strengthened supervision, such as file tracking systems and alerts to reduce discretion\n- Enhanced communication, including multicultural approaches for Indigenous and rural communities\n- Cross-cutting measures to promote integrity such as awareness-raising, ethical reflection and training\n\nGiven common patterns across natural resource sectors, these measures may be relevant for other environmental agencies, though they should be adapted to local contexts.\n\n### Lessons learned\n\nThe experiences in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru highlight the importance of tailoring risk management approaches to national contexts, ensuring institutional leadership and fostering inter-institutional collaboration. They also underline the value of peer learning and cross-border exchange.",2026,"Basel Institute on Governance","2026-04-02",false,[24,27],{"url":25,"caption":26},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fprotecting-forests-through-corruption-prevention-videos-on-promising-initiatives-in-bolivia-ecuador-and-peru-2726","Learn more about protecting forests through corruption prevention",{"url":28,"caption":29},"\u002Fresources\u002Fnews\u002Fjoining-forces-to-protect-the-amazon-forest-and-its-communities-from-corruption-2717","Read related news",[],[32],"Green Corruption",[34],"English",[36],"Report","Corruption in the timber value chain represents a major challenge for environmental sustainability\nand governance in Latin America. This report introduces the application of a **corruption risk\nmanagement approach** by environmental authorities in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. This\napproach was implemented within the framework of technical assistance provided by the Green\nCorruption programme of the Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nCorruption refers to the misuse of entrusted power for private gain, often leading to increased\ninequality, poverty and social division. The concept of “green corruption” addresses the impact of\ncorruption as a major driver of environmental devastation and increased risk of harm to the\nenvironment and natural resources. Corruption risk refers to the possibility of a corrupt act\noccurring, but does not necessarily mean that a corrupt act has taken place. Mitigation measures\n– based on identified corruption risks, their impacts and likelihoods – are typically a prioritised set\nof recommended actions to address weaknesses, allocate resources, seek external support or\noffset the impact of negative conditions.\n\nUtilising the Green Corruption programme’s corruption risk management approach,\nrepresentatives of the environmental authorities identified corruption risks within the timber value\nchain related to **three key risk contexts**:\n1. The granting of forestry rights\n2. The issuance and use of timber transport waybills\n3. The control and supervision of authorised actors.\n\n**Priority areas of concern** included documentary procedures, physical inspections and the\nadministrative sanctioning procedure.\n\n**Specific corruption risks** identified involved:\n- the potential for improper agreements between public servants and third parties;\n- abuse of authority; and\n- undue influence or other improper pressures from hierarchical superiors within organisations.\n\nThe majority of planned **mitigation measures** can be grouped into four categories:\n- **Regulatory improvement**, to be accomplished by reviewing and updating administrative procedures, closing implementation gaps and other opportunities for corruption and improving operating efficiency.\n- **Strengthened supervision** through the implementation of file tracking systems and alerts as well as the use of verification formats in the approval of forestry rights and the issuance of timber transport waybills, and other practices that reduce the discretion of operational units.\n- **Enhanced communication strategies** to support information exchange and joint action within the timber value chain. Specifically, a multicultural strategy was developed as a way of reducing the vulnerability to corruption for Indigenous and rural farming communities.\n- **Cross-cutting measures** to promote integrity through awareness-raising, ethical reflection and training for public servants and other actors in the timber value chain.\n\nThis document concludes with lessons learned and recommendations, highlighting the\nimportance of tailoring the approach to recognise the unique context of each country, its\ninstitutional leadership in risk management and the contribution of inter-institutional collaborative\nwork. The risk management experiences in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru also highlight the value of\npeer learning and the exchange of experiences, including across national borders.\n\nIn summary, this publication offers a practical approach for implementing corruption risk\nmanagement as an effective tool to reduce the likelihood of corrupt or unethical behaviour and to\nstrengthen the institutional framework for the timber value chain in Latin America.",{"id":39,"storage":40,"filename_disk":41,"filename_download":42,"title":43,"type":44,"created_on":45,"modified_on":45,"charset":12,"filesize":46,"width":47,"height":48,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":49,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":45},"a4345633-502b-4784-b391-b3ca6bafb2c5","local","a4345633-502b-4784-b391-b3ca6bafb2c5.jpg","260401_Preventing-corruption-in-the-timber-value-chain_Latam_cover.jpg","Preventing corruption in the timber value chain_Latam_Cover","image\u002Fjpeg","2026-06-01T22:18:28.000Z",388243,2471,3497,{},[51,82,101],{"id":52,"publications_id":53,"countries_id":78},1157,{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":56,"link_external":59,"featured":22,"topics":60,"languages":61,"type":62,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":63,"tags":66,"pdf":70,"authors":72},"3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6","b0662e2a-864d-4888-a1b7-4342b7570b30",[57,58],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],1158,1159,[67,68,69],5215,5216,5217,[71],2494,[73,74,75,76,77],2634,2635,2636,2637,2638,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},"PE",-9.18997,-75.01515,{"id":64,"publications_id":83,"countries_id":95},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":84,"link_external":87,"featured":22,"topics":88,"languages":89,"type":90,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":91,"tags":92,"pdf":93,"authors":94},[85,86],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":96,"name":97,"code":98,"latitude":99,"longitude":100},28,"Bolivia","BO",-16.29015,-63.58865,{"id":65,"publications_id":102,"countries_id":114},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":103,"link_external":106,"featured":22,"topics":107,"languages":108,"type":109,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":110,"tags":111,"pdf":112,"authors":113},[104,105],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":115,"name":116,"code":117,"latitude":118,"longitude":119},60,"Ecuador","EC",-1.83124,-78.18341,[121,137,153],{"id":67,"publications_id":122,"tags_id":134},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":123,"link_external":126,"featured":22,"topics":127,"languages":128,"type":129,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":130,"tags":131,"pdf":132,"authors":133},[124,125],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":135,"name":136},1303,"Environment",{"id":68,"publications_id":138,"tags_id":150},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":139,"link_external":142,"featured":22,"topics":143,"languages":144,"type":145,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":146,"tags":147,"pdf":148,"authors":149},[140,141],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":151,"name":152},1373,"Corruption prevention",{"id":69,"publications_id":154,"tags_id":166},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":155,"link_external":158,"featured":22,"topics":159,"languages":160,"type":161,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":162,"tags":163,"pdf":164,"authors":165},[156,157],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":167,"name":168},859,"Corruption risks",[170],{"id":71,"publications_id":171,"directus_files_id":183},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":172,"link_external":175,"featured":22,"topics":176,"languages":177,"type":178,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":179,"tags":180,"pdf":181,"authors":182},[173,174],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":184,"storage":40,"filename_disk":185,"filename_download":186,"title":187,"type":188,"folder":189,"uploaded_by":54,"created_on":190,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":190,"charset":12,"filesize":191,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":187,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":190},"45c9d2bc-f643-4205-9d82-04442e0b9882","45c9d2bc-f643-4205-9d82-04442e0b9882.pdf","260401-Preventing-corruption-in-the-timber-value-chain-Latam.pdf","Download PDF (English)","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5","2026-06-01T22:34:26.000Z",932379,[193,209,225,241,257],{"id":73,"publications_id":194,"authors_id":206},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":195,"link_external":198,"featured":22,"topics":199,"languages":200,"type":201,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":202,"tags":203,"pdf":204,"authors":205},[196,197],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":207,"name":208,"position":12,"image":12},586,"Aldo Bautista",{"id":74,"publications_id":210,"authors_id":222},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":211,"link_external":214,"featured":22,"topics":215,"languages":216,"type":217,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":218,"tags":219,"pdf":220,"authors":221},[212,213],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":223,"name":224,"position":12,"image":12},587,"Mirtha Muniz",{"id":75,"publications_id":226,"authors_id":238},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":227,"link_external":230,"featured":22,"topics":231,"languages":232,"type":233,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":234,"tags":235,"pdf":236,"authors":237},[228,229],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":239,"name":240,"position":12,"image":12},588,"Karla Coronado",{"id":76,"publications_id":242,"authors_id":254},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":243,"link_external":246,"featured":22,"topics":247,"languages":248,"type":249,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":250,"tags":251,"pdf":252,"authors":253},[244,245],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":255,"name":256,"position":12,"image":12},589,"Patricia Torres",{"id":77,"publications_id":258,"authors_id":270},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":54,"date_created":13,"user_updated":55,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":39,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":12,"language":12,"year":19,"publisher":20,"date_published":21,"external":22,"topic":12,"link_internal":259,"link_external":262,"featured":22,"topics":263,"languages":264,"type":265,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":37,"subtitle":12,"countries":266,"tags":267,"pdf":268,"authors":269},[260,261],{"url":25,"caption":26},{"url":28,"caption":29},[],[32],[34],[36],[52,64,65],[67,68,69],[71],[73,74,75,76,77],{"id":271,"name":272,"position":12,"image":12},590,"Francisco Bustamante",{"id":274,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":275,"date_updated":276,"nid":277,"slug":278,"title":279,"body":280,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":283,"publisher":284,"date_published":285,"external":22,"topic":286,"link_internal":288,"link_external":289,"featured":22,"topics":293,"languages":12,"type":295,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":296,"countries":304,"tags":320,"pdf":321,"authors":322},2406,"2025-06-12T16:05:27.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:59.000Z",2819,"la-extincion-de-dominio-desde-sus-principios","La extinción de dominio desde sus principios","El Programa de la Gestión de Finanzas Públicas GFP Subnacional de la Cooperación Económica Suiza – SECO y el Basel Institute on Governance presentan la publicación académica: La extinción de dominio desde sus principios. Esta nueva edición ofrece una perspectiva jurídica rigurosa y actualizada sobre uno de los instrumentos más relevantes en la lucha contra el crimen organizado y la corrupción.\n\nLa extinción de dominio, regulada en el Perú por el Decreto Legislativo N.° 1373, se ha convertido en una herramienta clave para la recuperación de activos ilícitos. No obstante, su implementación ha generado debate sobre su compatibilidad con los principios del Estado constitucional de derecho. Esta publicación busca aportar a dicho debate, abordando los fundamentos jurídicos del decomiso sin condena y resaltando la importancia de su aplicación conforme a los valores democráticos y al debido proceso.\n\nEl volumen reúne los aportes de destacados especialistas que analizan, desde distintas aristas, los principales retos legales e interpretativos en torno a la extinción de dominio. Entre los temas tratados se incluyen los derechos en disputa dentro del proceso, la aplicación temporal de la norma, la protección del tercero, la autonomía frente a otras decisiones jurisdiccionales, la carga de la prueba, la cosa juzgada, el principio de prevalencia y los alcances de la publicidad y la reserva.\n\nCon este aporte, el Programa GFP Subnacional reafirma su compromiso con el fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales y la promoción de una justicia más efectiva y transparente. La extinción de dominio desde sus principios está disponible en formato digital y de libre acceso. \n\nElaboración de contenidos: Jeampool Johnnatan Giampier Gonzales Córdova, Sergio Enrique Rodríguez Salinas, Sergio Jiménez Niño, Erick Vladimir Guimaray Mori, Joseph Celso Domínguez Miñano, Jhanira Yamali Morales Aniceto, Walther Javier Delgado Tovar, Deily Arlene Pereda Rodríguez.\n\n### English\n\nThis research paper covers the principles and practice of *Extinción de dominio*, Peru's non-conviction based forfeiture law. It is a publication of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gfpsubnacional.pe\u002F\">Subnational Public Finance Management Programme\u003C\u002Fa> of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) – Economic Cooperation and Development division and the Basel Institute on Governance. It offers a rigorous and up-to-date legal perspective on one of the most important instruments in the fight against organised crime and corruption.\n\nExtinción de dominio, a non-conviction based forfeiture law regulated in Peru by Legislative Decree No. 1373, has become a key tool for the recovery of illicit assets. However, its implementation has generated debate about its compatibility with the principles of the constitutional rule of law. This publication seeks to contribute to this debate by addressing the legal basis for non-conviction based forfeiture and highlighting the importance of its application in accordance with democratic values and due process.\n\nThe volume brings together contributions from leading experts who analyse, from different angles, the main legal and interpretative challenges surrounding the extinción de dominio law. Topics covered include the rights at stake in the process, the time-limited application of the rule, the protection of third parties, autonomy vis-à-vis other judicial decisions, the burden of proof, res judicata, the principle of prevalence, and issues around publicity and confidentiality.\n\nWith this contribution, the Basel Institute and Subnational PFM Programme reaffirm our commitment to strengthening institutional capacities and promoting more effective and transparent justice. \n\nAuthors: Jeampool Johnnatan Giampier Gonzales Córdova, Sergio Enrique Rodríguez Salinas, Sergio Jiménez Niño, Erick Vladimir Guimaray Mori, Joseph Celso Domínguez Miñano, Jhanira Yamali Morales Aniceto, Walther Javier Delgado Tovar, Deily Arlene Pereda Rodríguez.","","Spanish",2025,"Programa GFP Subnacional – Basel Institute on Governance","2025-06-12",[287],"Asset Recovery",[],[290],{"url":291,"caption":292},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gfpsubnacional.pe\u002Fpublicacion\u002Fla-extincion-del-dominio-desde-sus-principios\u002F","Acede a la publicación",[294],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[36],{"id":297,"storage":40,"filename_disk":298,"filename_download":299,"title":279,"type":44,"created_on":275,"modified_on":275,"charset":12,"filesize":300,"width":301,"height":302,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":303,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":275},"0ca1c112-529a-450d-a12e-4204dbf266a1","0ca1c112-529a-450d-a12e-4204dbf266a1.jpg?itok=XIsZBWGF","Pages-from-La-extincion-dominio-principios.jpg?itok=XIsZBWGF",43675,500,707,{},[305],{"id":306,"publications_id":307,"countries_id":319},1137,{"id":274,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":275,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":276,"nid":277,"slug":278,"image":297,"title":279,"body":280,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":283,"publisher":284,"date_published":285,"external":22,"topic":309,"link_internal":310,"link_external":311,"featured":22,"topics":313,"languages":12,"type":314,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":315,"tags":316,"pdf":317,"authors":318},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6",[287],[],[312],{"url":291,"caption":292},[294],[36],[306],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[],[],{"id":324,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":325,"date_updated":326,"nid":327,"slug":328,"title":329,"body":330,"citation":281,"language":34,"year":331,"publisher":332,"date_published":333,"external":22,"topic":334,"link_internal":335,"link_external":336,"featured":22,"topics":340,"languages":341,"type":342,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":344,"countries":352,"tags":389,"pdf":390,"authors":391},2380,"2024-12-11T17:05:23.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:53.000Z",2733,"james-stone-case-perus-fight-recover-assets-academy-bulletin","The James Stone case: Peru’s fight to recover assets (The Academy Bulletin)","In an article published in the Fall 2024 issue of the Bulletin of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffinancialcrimelitigators.org\u002F\">International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators\u003C\u002Fa>, Oscar Solórzano describes an asset recovery case between Peru and Luxembourg involving a businessman named James Stone.\n\nIt provides insight into some of the challenges that some States face in recovering proceeds of corruption from international financial centres, despite the binding rules and soft laws adopted in recent years. It looks at both the mutual legal assistance (MLA) process and the legal defences raised by the account holder – who admitted to the corrupt dealings and has since fled to the United States.\n\nThe case offers important lessons for States either holding or seeking to recover assets linked to historical acts of corruption.\n\nThis is the fourth issue of The Academy's Bulletin. It has been established to transmit the work of Academy Fellows, draw attention to matters of importance to the legal community and provide high-level analysis of cutting-edge issues in global financial crime investigations and litigation. The Basel Institute on Governance acts as Secretariat to the Academy.",2024,"International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators","2024-12-11",[287],[],[337],{"url":338,"caption":339},"https:\u002F\u002Fedit.financialcrimelitigators.org\u002Fapi\u002Fassets\u002F5d055679-91be-4304-aec7-cf88c8226ada.pdf","Fall 2024 Bulletin of the International Academy of Financial Crime Litigators",[294],[34],[343],"Article",{"id":345,"storage":40,"filename_disk":346,"filename_download":347,"title":348,"type":44,"created_on":325,"modified_on":325,"charset":12,"filesize":349,"width":301,"height":350,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":351,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":325},"aab741bb-d811-44ec-bb32-83c1123d75d3","aab741bb-d811-44ec-bb32-83c1123d75d3.jpg?itok=DooEph-S","James-Stone-case.jpg?itok=DooEph-S","The James Stone Case",20337,655,{},[353,370],{"id":354,"publications_id":355,"countries_id":369},1130,{"id":324,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":325,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":326,"nid":327,"slug":328,"image":345,"title":329,"body":330,"citation":281,"language":34,"year":331,"publisher":332,"date_published":333,"external":22,"topic":356,"link_internal":357,"link_external":358,"featured":22,"topics":360,"languages":361,"type":362,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":363,"tags":365,"pdf":366,"authors":367},[287],[],[359],{"url":338,"caption":339},[294],[34],[343],[354,364],1131,[],[],[368],2576,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":364,"publications_id":371,"countries_id":383},{"id":324,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":325,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":326,"nid":327,"slug":328,"image":345,"title":329,"body":330,"citation":281,"language":34,"year":331,"publisher":332,"date_published":333,"external":22,"topic":372,"link_internal":373,"link_external":374,"featured":22,"topics":376,"languages":377,"type":378,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":379,"tags":380,"pdf":381,"authors":382},[287],[],[375],{"url":338,"caption":339},[294],[34],[343],[354,364],[],[],[368],{"id":384,"name":385,"code":386,"latitude":387,"longitude":388},132,"Luxembourg","LU",49.81527,6.12958,[],[],[392],{"id":368,"publications_id":393,"authors_id":405},{"id":324,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":325,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":326,"nid":327,"slug":328,"image":345,"title":329,"body":330,"citation":281,"language":34,"year":331,"publisher":332,"date_published":333,"external":22,"topic":394,"link_internal":395,"link_external":396,"featured":22,"topics":398,"languages":399,"type":400,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":401,"tags":402,"pdf":403,"authors":404},[287],[],[397],{"url":338,"caption":339},[294],[34],[343],[354,364],[],[],[368],{"id":406,"name":407,"position":12,"image":408},294,"Oscar Solorzano","bb78436c-969e-40ca-9f3e-5e37ec0a95f9",{"id":410,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":411,"date_updated":412,"nid":413,"slug":414,"title":415,"body":416,"citation":281,"language":34,"year":331,"publisher":20,"date_published":417,"external":22,"topic":418,"link_internal":419,"link_external":423,"featured":427,"topics":428,"languages":429,"type":430,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":432,"countries":439,"tags":464,"pdf":567,"authors":587},2366,"2024-10-03T16:05:11.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:47.000Z",2701,"wp-54","Working Paper 54: Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture: Identifying human rights and other standards for Latin America","This Working Paper explores the wide variety of non-conviction based (NCB) forfeiture laws in Latin America, with a special focus on the region’s predominant model, *Extinción de dominio*.\n\nIt argues that NCB forfeiture legislation, which allows for the recovery of stolen assets outside of criminal proceedings, can contribute significantly to a state’s criminal policy response to rampant economic and organised crime.\n\nThe paper emphasises the importance of critically reviewing and harmonising domestic practices of NCB forfeiture around emerging standards, so that they can reach their large potential in asset recovery. Ensuring their alignment with international human rights and other recognised norms and procedural rules ultimately builds trust, lends legitimacy and fosters judicial cooperation in international NCB forfeiture cases.\n\n### About this report\n\nThe paper is based on experience gained through the Basel Institute’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa> (ICAR), which since 2006 has supported partner countries in investigating, prosecuting and recovering assets arising from grand corruption and other crimes.\n\nThis paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish the Working Paper under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002Fdeed.en\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nSuggested citation: Solórzano, Oscar. 2024. ‘Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture: Identifying human rights and other standards for Latin America.’ Working Paper 54, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54.","2024-09-30",[287],[420],{"url":421,"caption":422},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Working%20Paper"," View all Working Papers",[424],{"url":425,"caption":426},"route:\u003Cnolink>"," Download PDF (Spanish - forthcoming)",true,[294],[34],[431],"Working Paper",{"id":433,"storage":40,"filename_disk":434,"filename_download":435,"title":436,"type":44,"created_on":411,"modified_on":411,"charset":12,"filesize":437,"width":301,"height":302,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":438,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":411},"37616510-2f1f-4ab6-9405-845433d6fa3b","37616510-2f1f-4ab6-9405-845433d6fa3b.jpg?itok=yt03zk5q","240926-WP-54-cover-page-0.jpg?itok=yt03zk5q","240926_WP-54 cover 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extinción del dominio de bienes instrumentalizados","This publication (in Spanish) focuses on the use of non-conviction based forfeiture legislation in Peru (Extinción de Dominio) to recover instrumentalities of crime. It is a collaborative effort of asset recovery experts of the Basel Institute on Governance under the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gfpsubnacional.pe\u002F\">Programa GFP Subnacional\u003C\u002Fa> or Subnational Public Finance Management Strengthening Programme in Peru, funded by the Swiss SECO Cooperation.\n\n### Introducción\n\nEl Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Gestión de Finanzas Públicas a nivel Subnacional en el Perú (2024-2028) busca fortalecer las capacidades de los funcionarios encargados del cumplimiento de la ley, especialmente aquellos que participan en los procesos de recuperación de activos en los niveles central y subnacional.\n\nEn los últimos años, la recuperación de activos ha ocupado un importante lugar en la política criminal peruana, especialmente mediante la dación del Decreto Legislativo 1373 - Decreto Legislativo sobre Extinción de Dominio, que incorpora al ordenamiento jurídico peruano un poderoso instrumento para contrarrestar el patrimonio criminal. La consolidación de esta herramienta precisa de conocimientos especializados en la materia, así como la correcta interpretación de las categorías y presupuestos de la extinción de dominio, en armonía con los principios del Estado Constitucional de Derecho que la alberga.\n\nCon miras a la consecución de este objetivo, el Programa GFP Subnacional reconoce el importante rol de la doctrina jurídica como fuente mediata para aliviar los cuestionamientos que surgen en la aplicación de las leyes, y para orientar el conocimiento hacia la correcta adopción de decisiones. Por ello, esta publicación académica es un producto de conocimiento creado con la finalidad de servir como insumo teórico y práctico en la aplicación de la extinción de dominio.\n\nEn su primer número, con el fin de coadyuvar en el proceso de especialización de los operadores de justicia, esta publicación aborda diversas cuestiones jurídicas acerca de la recuperación, a través de la extinción de dominio, de los instrumentos empleados en la comisión de actividades ilícitas, dada su disposición para la lesión de bienes jurídicos protegidos por nuestro ordenamiento.","Basel Institute on Governance; Programa GPF Subnacional","2024-05-24",[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],{"id":620,"storage":40,"filename_disk":621,"filename_download":622,"title":623,"type":44,"created_on":605,"modified_on":605,"charset":12,"filesize":624,"width":301,"height":302,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":625,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":605},"69c174c1-5ac4-423c-a873-194194f45033","69c174c1-5ac4-423c-a873-194194f45033.jpg?itok=Y09aqsWW","Pages-from-Publicacion-GFP-La-extincion-del-dominio-de-bienes-instrumentalizados.jpg?itok=Y09aqsWW","Cover page of La extinción del dominio de bienes instrumentalizados",52018,{},[627],{"id":628,"publications_id":629,"countries_id":646},1123,{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":630,"link_internal":631,"link_external":632,"featured":22,"topics":633,"languages":634,"type":635,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":636,"tags":637,"pdf":638,"authors":640},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],2397,[641,642,643,644,645],2559,2560,2561,2562,2563,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[649],{"id":639,"publications_id":650,"directus_files_id":661},{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":651,"link_internal":652,"link_external":653,"featured":22,"topics":654,"languages":655,"type":656,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":657,"tags":658,"pdf":659,"authors":660},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],[641,642,643,644,645],{"id":662,"storage":40,"filename_disk":663,"filename_download":664,"title":664,"type":188,"folder":189,"uploaded_by":308,"created_on":665,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":665,"charset":12,"filesize":666,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":667,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":665},"32ef42cc-eed2-4d82-9133-692e5e97da53","32ef42cc-eed2-4d82-9133-692e5e97da53.pdf","Publicacion-GFP-La-extincion-del-dominio-de-bienes-instrumentalizados.pdf","2024-08-20T16:05:03.000Z",1947164,"Descargar",[669,682,697,712,727],{"id":641,"publications_id":670,"authors_id":681},{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":671,"link_internal":672,"link_external":673,"featured":22,"topics":674,"languages":675,"type":676,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":677,"tags":678,"pdf":679,"authors":680},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],[641,642,643,644,645],{"id":406,"name":407,"position":12,"image":408},{"id":642,"publications_id":683,"authors_id":694},{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":684,"link_internal":685,"link_external":686,"featured":22,"topics":687,"languages":688,"type":689,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":690,"tags":691,"pdf":692,"authors":693},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],[641,642,643,644,645],{"id":695,"name":696,"position":12,"image":12},542,"Walther Delgado",{"id":643,"publications_id":698,"authors_id":709},{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":699,"link_internal":700,"link_external":701,"featured":22,"topics":702,"languages":703,"type":704,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":705,"tags":706,"pdf":707,"authors":708},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],[641,642,643,644,645],{"id":710,"name":711,"position":12,"image":12},543,"Dr Erick Guimaray",{"id":644,"publications_id":713,"authors_id":724},{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":714,"link_internal":715,"link_external":716,"featured":22,"topics":717,"languages":718,"type":719,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":720,"tags":721,"pdf":722,"authors":723},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],[641,642,643,644,645],{"id":725,"name":726,"position":12,"image":12},544,"Sergio Jiménez",{"id":645,"publications_id":728,"authors_id":739},{"id":604,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":308,"date_created":605,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":606,"nid":607,"slug":608,"image":620,"title":609,"body":610,"citation":281,"language":282,"year":331,"publisher":611,"date_published":612,"external":22,"topic":729,"link_internal":730,"link_external":731,"featured":22,"topics":732,"languages":733,"type":734,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":735,"tags":736,"pdf":737,"authors":738},[287],[],[],[294],[282],[343],[628],[],[639],[641,642,643,644,645],{"id":740,"name":741,"position":12,"image":12},545,"Sergio Rodriguez",33,{"items":744,"total":799},[745,843,926],{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":751,"area":753,"image":755,"content":768,"tags":833,"countries":834},8,"Following the money: how Peru reshaped corruption investigations after Odebrecht","With support from the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery, Peru\nhas become a regional model for proactive financial investigations and cross-border\ncooperation.","reshaped-corruption-investigations-peru","- **Corruption cases now routinely include parallel financial investigations.** Asset tracing and evidence development support prosecutions from the outset.\n- **Authorities use international cooperation more systematically and at earlier stages.** This improves the speed and coordination of cross-border investigations.\n- **The approach contributed to landmark convictions,** including two former presidents, and has influenced anti-corruption practice across the region.\n",[752],"Latin America Caribbean",[754],"Asset recovery and enforcement",{"id":756,"storage":40,"filename_disk":757,"filename_download":758,"title":759,"type":760,"created_on":761,"modified_on":762,"charset":12,"filesize":763,"width":764,"height":765,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":766,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":767,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":761},"d80a28ef-b6a6-415d-8e65-243e94b9668d","d80a28ef-b6a6-415d-8e65-243e94b9668d.png","odebrecht.png","Odebrecht","image\u002Fpng","2026-03-30T21:24:57.000Z","2026-03-30T21:25:33.000Z",392210,732,412,"Photo credit: ICAR delegation at the Toledo trial. From left to right: Stefan Lenz, Diana Cordero and Oscar Solórzano, Head of Latin America at the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR).",{},[769,786,798,810,822],{"id":96,"collection":770,"sort":771,"stories_id":772,"item":782},"text",1,{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"image":756,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":773,"area":774,"content":775,"tags":779,"countries":780},[752],[754],[96,742,776,777,778],30,31,32,[],[781],5,{"id":783,"text":784,"class":12,"title":785,"anchor":12},52,"The Odebrecht case exposed one of the largest corruption schemes in Latin America. It involved bribery networks, offshore structures and coordinated payments across multiple jurisdictions.\n\nIn Peru, the scale of the case posed serious challenges. Investigators had to trace financial flows across borders, identify beneficial owners and coordinate with several authorities at once. Earlier cases provided some experience. But Odebrecht required a more systematic and sustained response.\n\nAt the outset, capacity was uneven. Financial investigations were not always integrated into corruption cases. International cooperation – particularly mutual legal assistance – was often reactive and fragmented. Legal tools for asset recovery, including non-conviction based forfeiture, were still being consolidated.\n\nAuthorities needed not only to investigate and prosecute corruption, but to build a coordinated strategy able to address its financial dimension and enable sustained cross-border cooperation. This was in a context of political backlash against prosecutorial authorities and significant resource constraints.\n","The situation",{"id":742,"collection":787,"sort":788,"stories_id":789,"item":795},"box",2,{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"image":756,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":790,"area":791,"content":792,"tags":793,"countries":794},[752],[754],[96,742,776,777,778],[],[781],{"id":771,"title":796,"text":797},"Key terms","**Non-conviction based forfeiture**: A legal tool that allows authorities to recover assets\nwithout a criminal conviction. Courts can order forfeiture if assets are proven to be linked to\nunlawful activity.\n\n**Mutual legal assistance (MLA)**: A formal process through which countries request and\nshare evidence for criminal investigations, enabling cooperation across jurisdictions.",{"id":776,"collection":770,"sort":799,"stories_id":800,"item":806},3,{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"image":756,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":801,"area":802,"content":803,"tags":804,"countries":805},[752],[754],[96,742,776,777,778],[],[781],{"id":807,"text":808,"class":12,"title":809,"anchor":12},54,"From 2015 onwards, the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR)\nsupported Peruvian authorities to address the financial and cross-border dimensions of the\nOdebrecht case. Specialists were embedded within prosecution teams across several\njurisdictions. They provided hands-on support in financial analysis and, in some cases, acted\nas expert witnesses in court.\n\nThe support focused on two priorities: strengthening financial investigations and enhancing\ninternational cooperation.\n\nIn practice, this included:\n- Embedding financial investigations into corruption cases so that asset tracing, financial analysis and evidence development progressed alongside criminal proceedings.\n- Strengthening prosecutorial and judicial capacity through specialised training on complex financial crime.\n- Promoting earlier and more systematic use of mutual legal assistance, both formal and informal, while facilitating direct exchanges between authorities.\n- Supporting the application of asset recovery tools, including non-conviction based forfeiture and other confiscation mechanisms.\n\nOver time, ICAR helped translate legal frameworks into operational practice. Investigations\nbecame more structured, coordinated and proactive.\n\nSupport operated at two levels. It strengthened domestic capacity and improved cooperation\nacross jurisdictions. These approaches were tested and refined in cases involving [complex\noffshore structures](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fnexus-between-corruption-and-money-laundering-deconstructing-toledo-odebrecht-network) and layered financial transactions.","What we did",{"id":777,"collection":770,"sort":811,"stories_id":812,"item":818},4,{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"image":756,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":813,"area":814,"content":815,"tags":816,"countries":817},[752],[754],[96,742,776,777,778],[],[781],{"id":819,"text":820,"class":12,"title":821,"anchor":12},55,"The impact is visible not only in individual cases but also in how corruption is investigated\nand prosecuted in Peru.\n\nAt the judicial level, the approach contributed to major convictions. Former presidents\n[Alejandro Toledo](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gob.pe\u002Finstitucion\u002Fpj\u002Fnoticias\u002F1043841-poder-judicial-impone-20-anos-y-seis-meses-de-carcel-para-expresidente-alejandro-toledo-por-colusion-y-lavado-de-activos) and [Ollanta Humala](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gob.pe\u002Finstitucion\u002Fpj\u002Fnoticias\u002F1146474-poder-judicial-impone-15-anos-de-prision-a-ollanta-humala-y-nadine-heredia-por-lavado-de-activos-agravado) were sentenced to 20 years and 15 years in prison\nrespectively for bribery and illicit campaign financing linked to the Odebrecht scheme. Other\nsenior officials have also been convicted.\n\nThese outcomes show that complex corruption cases can be pursued effectively, including\nacross borders.\n\nThe most significant change is institutional. Financial investigations are now central to\ncorruption cases. Asset tracing, financial intelligence and evidence analysis have become\nstandard practice.\n\nInternational cooperation has also evolved. Mutual legal assistance is used earlier and more\nstrategically, with better coordination between jurisdictions.\n\nA key development was the creation of the Unidad de Recuperación Activos en el Extranjero\n(URAE), an asset recovery unit within the Office of the Attorney General. Established with\nICAR’s support, it has contributed to significant asset recovery efforts linked to the\nOdebrecht case and related proceedings.\n\nMore broadly, Peru has shifted from reactive enforcement to a more proactive, financially\ndriven approach. This demonstrates that sustained technical support, combined with\ninstitutional commitment, can strengthen both individual cases and long-term capacity.","The impact",{"id":778,"collection":770,"sort":781,"stories_id":823,"item":829},{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"image":756,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":824,"area":825,"content":826,"tags":827,"countries":828},[752],[754],[96,742,776,777,778],[],[781],{"id":830,"text":831,"class":12,"title":832,"anchor":12},56,"Peru’s experience with the Odebrecht case has influenced approaches in other jurisdictions,\nincluding Ecuador and Colombia, where ICAR has also provided support. Comparable\nresults are beginning to emerge as cases progress.\n\nMore broadly, the case reflects a shift in anti-corruption practice – from isolated prosecutions\nto more integrated strategies that combine legal, financial and cooperative tools. It has also\nstrengthened networks of prosecutors who exchange information and coordinate action, both\nformally and informally.\n\nParallel financial investigations and the systematic use of mutual legal assistance are now\ncentral to enforcement in Peru and increasingly across the region. However, capacity gaps\nremain. Economic crime continues to evolve, and new technologies add complexity. At the\nsame time, political and legal backlash against anti-corruption measures remains a\nchallenge.\n\nOngoing investment in skills, cooperation and effective implementation of frameworks such\nas the United Nations Convention against Corruption will be essential.","Wider context",[],[835],{"id":781,"stories_id":836,"countries_id":842},{"id":746,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":747,"image":756,"description":748,"slug":749,"highlights":750,"region":837,"area":838,"content":839,"tags":840,"countries":841},[752],[754],[96,742,776,777,778],[],[781],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":849,"area":851,"image":852,"content":863,"tags":908,"countries":909},7,"From hidden accounts to recovered assets: Peru and Luxembourg","With support from the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery\n(ICAR), authorities overcame legal barriers to recover millions and set a model for\ninternational asset recovery.","peru-luxembourg","- Tens of millions of dollars in illicit assets linked to the Fujimori–Montesinos network were recovered.\n- Authorities engaged in direct judicial cooperation without a bilateral treaty, using the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) as a legal basis.\n- The case established a practical precedent for international asset recovery between jurisdictions without prior cooperation frameworks.",[752,850],"Europe",[754],{"id":853,"storage":40,"filename_disk":854,"filename_download":855,"title":856,"type":857,"created_on":858,"modified_on":858,"charset":12,"filesize":859,"width":860,"height":861,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":862,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":858},"4b0f3e8f-b0e3-4b9b-a2c8-d8c855a30b89","4b0f3e8f-b0e3-4b9b-a2c8-d8c855a30b89.webp","peru-luxembourg.webp","Peru Luxembourg","image\u002Fwebp","2026-03-30T20:58:43.000Z",140946,2000,1091,{},[864,879,888,898],{"id":865,"collection":770,"sort":771,"stories_id":866,"item":876},24,{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"image":853,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":867,"area":868,"content":869,"tags":873,"countries":874},[752,850],[754],[865,870,871,872],34,25,26,[],[875,844],6,{"id":877,"text":878,"class":12,"title":785,"anchor":12},48,"Recovering assets from large-scale corruption depends not only on strong domestic cases\nbut also on effective international cooperation. This is particularly true when illicit funds are\nhidden in complex offshore structures across multiple financial centres.\n\nThe Fujimori–Montesinos case is one of Latin America’s most significant asset recovery\nefforts. After the regime collapsed in 2000, Peruvian authorities began tracing funds moved\nabroad through sophisticated financial networks spanning several jurisdictions.\n\nFrom around 2014, Peru stepped up efforts to enforce confiscation decisions internationally.\nThis shift coincided with the development of non-conviction based forfeiture and the growing\nuse of international frameworks such as UNCAC.\n\nLuxembourg was a key jurisdiction in these efforts, as it hosted some of the remaining\naccounts linked to the corrupt network. However, cooperation had to be built from the ground\nup. There was no bilateral agreement, no established practice for enforcing foreign\nconfiscation orders and no diplomatic presence to facilitate engagement.",{"id":870,"collection":787,"sort":788,"stories_id":880,"item":886},{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"image":853,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":881,"area":882,"content":883,"tags":884,"countries":885},[752,850],[754],[865,870,871,872],[],[875,844],{"id":788,"title":796,"text":887},"**Non-conviction based forfeiture**: A legal tool that allows authorities to recover assets\nwithout a criminal conviction. Courts can order forfeiture if assets are proven to be linked to\nunlawful activity.\n\n**Mutual legal assistance (MLA)**: A formal process through which countries request and\nshare evidence or enforce judicial measures in criminal matters, enabling cooperation across\njurisdictions.",{"id":871,"collection":770,"sort":811,"stories_id":889,"item":895},{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"image":853,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":890,"area":891,"content":892,"tags":893,"countries":894},[752,850],[754],[865,870,871,872],[],[875,844],{"id":896,"text":897,"class":12,"title":809,"anchor":12},49,"The Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) helped translate the\nlegal possibilities under UNCAC into a practical cooperation framework between Peruvian\nand Luxembourg authorities. Over more than a decade, ICAR supported Peru in\nstrengthening legal frameworks, building institutional capacity and advancing complex asset\nrecovery cases.\n\nThis support combined technical advice with hands-on engagement, including:\n- Strengthening asset recovery strategies and international cooperation practices.\n- Promoting and implementing non-conviction based forfeiture frameworks.\n- Developing legal strategies to enable the enforcement of Peruvian confiscation decisions abroad, including confirming through practitioner exchanges that UNCAC could serve as a sufficient legal basis.\n\nThese efforts were closely linked to reforms within Peru, where ICAR supported the\ndevelopment and implementation of non-conviction based forfeiture. The approach operated\nat two levels: strengthening domestic capacity to produce robust confiscation decisions, and\nsupporting strategies to enforce them internationally. This alignment proved essential.\n\nCases such as [The Blue Ridge Trust and the Hudson Trust](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gob.pe\u002F23084-casos-emblematicos-del-gran-ducado-de-luxemburgo), [Southland Securities Inc.](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fun-caso-historico-de-recuperacion-de-activos-pone-prueba-la-legislacion-peruana-de-extincion)\nand [James Stone](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications\u002Fjames-stone-case-perus-fight-recover-assets-academy-bulletin) illustrate this approach. By combining conviction-based and non-\nconviction based confiscation with flexible forms of international cooperation, authorities\nwere able to navigate complex financial structures and recover illicit assets across\njurisdictions.\n\nIn particular, the use of UNCAC – especially Articles 46 and 55 – as a legal basis for mutual\nlegal assistance and the enforcement of foreign confiscation orders was instrumental. It\nenabled cooperation and turned legal frameworks into operational results.",{"id":872,"collection":770,"sort":781,"stories_id":899,"item":905},{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"image":853,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":900,"area":901,"content":902,"tags":903,"countries":904},[752,850],[754],[865,870,871,872],[],[875,844],{"id":906,"text":907,"class":12,"title":832,"anchor":12},50,"Peru is now one of the most advanced and active countries in Latin America in international\nasset recovery. Its experience includes:\n\n- Early large-scale restitutions from Switzerland, the United States and other jurisdictions.\n- Development of domestic confiscation and non-conviction based forfeiture frameworks.\n- Leadership in promoting international cooperation practices across the region. Peru’s experience has informed similar approaches in other jurisdictions.\n\nThrough ICAR, the Basel Institute continues to support authorities in Peru and elsewhere in\ntackling complex corruption and financial crime cases, sharing lessons learned and\nstrengthening global asset recovery efforts.",[],[910,918],{"id":875,"stories_id":911,"countries_id":917},{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"image":853,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":912,"area":913,"content":914,"tags":915,"countries":916},[752,850],[754],[865,870,871,872],[],[875,844],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":844,"stories_id":919,"countries_id":925},{"id":844,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":845,"image":853,"description":846,"slug":847,"highlights":848,"region":920,"area":921,"content":922,"tags":923,"countries":924},[752,850],[754],[865,870,871,872],[],[875,844],{"id":384,"name":385,"code":386,"latitude":387,"longitude":388},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":932,"area":933,"image":934,"content":947,"tags":1034,"countries":1135},10,"Joint Investigation Teams: modernising cross-border investigations into corruption and organised crime","How the Basel Institute on Governance is helping partner countries to develop and implement Joint Investigation Teams to tackle complex cases that cross national borders, including environmental crime investigations.","jit","- **Faster, more coordinated investigations:** Supporting partner countries to establish Joint Investigation Teams (JITs) that enable authorities to share evidence directly and coordinate investigative action across borders.\n- **A landmark wildlife trafficking investigation:** In 2025, prosecutorial authorities in Peru, Panama and Ecuador established Latin America’s first Joint Investigation Team on wildlife trafficking to investigate a shark fin trafficking network spanning multiple jurisdictions. \n- **Stronger international enforcement:** Helping partner countries overcome legal and operational obstacles through expert support, trusted relationships and practical frameworks for coordinated action.",[752],[754,32],{"id":935,"storage":40,"filename_disk":936,"filename_download":937,"title":938,"type":760,"created_on":939,"modified_on":940,"charset":12,"filesize":941,"width":942,"height":943,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":944,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":945,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":946},"c8f2a876-6cba-49e0-a2dc-c95947e10441","c8f2a876-6cba-49e0-a2dc-c95947e10441.png","17 Joint Investigation Teams.png","17 Joint Investigation Teams","2026-05-25T17:57:08.000Z","2026-05-29T21:39:27.000Z",2446420,1536,1024,"Connecting authorities in Peru, Ecuador and Panama to tackle a cross-border case of shark fin trafficking. Image generated using AI.",{},"2026-05-25T17:57:11.000Z",[948,973,983,993,1004,1014,1024],{"id":949,"collection":770,"sort":771,"stories_id":950,"item":970},39,{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":951,"area":952,"content":953,"tags":958,"countries":967},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],40,41,42,43,[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],17,18,19,20,21,22,23,27,[968,927,969],9,11,{"id":971,"text":972,"class":12,"title":785,"anchor":12},78,"Corruption and organised crime increasingly operate across borders. Criminal networks move money, assets and illicit goods between jurisdictions while investigators navigate fragmented legal systems and cooperation processes that can struggle to keep pace.\n\nJoint Investigation Teams help address these issues by allowing authorities to work together in real time. They can also strengthen asset recovery efforts by helping authorities to target the profits that sustain organised criminal networks in a more coordinated and comprehensive way.",{"id":954,"collection":787,"sort":788,"stories_id":974,"item":980},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":975,"area":976,"content":977,"tags":978,"countries":979},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":875,"title":981,"text":982},"Key term","**Joint Investigation Team:** A formal cooperation mechanism that allows prosecutors and investigators from different countries to work together on a shared cross-border case. They enable direct evidence sharing, coordinated investigative action and faster cooperation while respecting national laws and sovereignty.\n",{"id":955,"collection":770,"sort":799,"stories_id":984,"item":990},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":985,"area":986,"content":987,"tags":988,"countries":989},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":991,"text":992,"class":12,"title":809,"anchor":12},79,"Through our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) and Green Corruption programme, the Basel Institute is promoting the development and implementation of Joint Investigation Teams with partner countries tackling cross-border corruption and organised crime.\n\nSupport combines technical expertise with practical assistance: helping authorities build trust across jurisdictions, strengthening cooperation frameworks and supporting the design and operationalisation of these mechanisms.\n\nOne example comes from Latin America. In 2025, prosecutorial authorities in Peru, Panama and Ecuador established the first Joint Investigation Team on wildlife trafficking in Latin America to investigate a shark fin trafficking network spanning the countries’ borders. \n",{"id":877,"collection":994,"sort":811,"stories_id":995,"item":1001},"quote",{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":996,"area":997,"content":998,"tags":999,"countries":1000},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":963,"quote":1002,"author":1003},"This significant milestone was achieved with the sustained support of the Basel Institute on Governance, whose assistance was instrumental from the initial engagement, through the facilitation of in-person trust-building exchanges among prosecutors, to the design, formalisation and operationalisation of the agreement.","Sebastián Aguilar J., Directorate of Cooperation and International Affairs, Office of the Attorney General of Ecuador",{"id":956,"collection":770,"sort":781,"stories_id":1005,"item":1011},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1006,"area":1007,"content":1008,"tags":1009,"countries":1010},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1012,"text":1013,"class":12,"title":821,"anchor":12},80,"The Peru–Panama–Ecuador agreement established a framework for direct information exchange, coordinated investigative strategies and joint prosecutorial action across borders. It also created an important regional precedent, by showing how countries can work collectively against organised criminal networks operating across jurisdictions. \n\nThe wildlife trafficking case is one example of a broader effort. The Basel Institute is supporting partners to use Joint Investigation Teams in other cross-border cases, such as corruption or – in the case referred to below – illegal mining: ",{"id":896,"collection":994,"sort":875,"stories_id":1015,"item":1021},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1016,"area":1017,"content":1018,"tags":1019,"countries":1020},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":964,"quote":1022,"author":1023},"ICAR’s support has been essential in strengthening our capacity to combat organised crime in Peru. With their guidance, our office has successfully launched one of the country’s first Joint Investigation Teams, marking a significant step forward in cross-border cooperation. What I particularly value is the daily, dedicated technical assistance provided by ICAR’s experts, which has not only supported our work on cases but has also improved our institutional capabilities.","Mayda Virginia Mori Anto, Chief Provincial Prosecutor, Second Supraprovincial Specialized Prosecutor's Office for Organised Crime of Peru",{"id":957,"collection":770,"sort":844,"stories_id":1025,"item":1031},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1026,"area":1027,"content":1028,"tags":1029,"countries":1030},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1032,"text":1033,"class":12,"title":832,"anchor":12},81,"Joint Investigation Teams remain underused in many regions affected by corruption and organised crime. Through our specialised ICAR and Green Corruption teams, and our relationships with prosecutorial authorities in multiple countries, the Basel Institute is helping partners turn the concept into practice: building trusted coalitions and strengthening international cooperation against crimes that increasingly cross borders.",[1035,1045,1055,1063,1071,1079,1089,1099,1107,1115,1125],{"id":959,"stories_id":1036,"tags_id":1042},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1037,"area":1038,"content":1039,"tags":1040,"countries":1041},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1043,"name":1044},804,"Natural resources",{"id":960,"stories_id":1046,"tags_id":1052},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1047,"area":1048,"content":1049,"tags":1050,"countries":1051},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1053,"name":1054},822,"International cooperation",{"id":961,"stories_id":1056,"tags_id":1062},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1057,"area":1058,"content":1059,"tags":1060,"countries":1061},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":480,"name":481},{"id":962,"stories_id":1064,"tags_id":1070},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1065,"area":1066,"content":1067,"tags":1068,"countries":1069},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":514,"name":515},{"id":963,"stories_id":1072,"tags_id":1078},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1073,"area":1074,"content":1075,"tags":1076,"countries":1077},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":531,"name":532},{"id":964,"stories_id":1080,"tags_id":1086},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1081,"area":1082,"content":1083,"tags":1084,"countries":1085},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1087,"name":1088},973,"Corruption",{"id":965,"stories_id":1090,"tags_id":1096},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1091,"area":1092,"content":1093,"tags":1094,"countries":1095},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1097,"name":1098},1193,"Financial investigations",{"id":865,"stories_id":1100,"tags_id":1106},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1101,"area":1102,"content":1103,"tags":1104,"countries":1105},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":565,"name":566},{"id":871,"stories_id":1108,"tags_id":1114},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1109,"area":1110,"content":1111,"tags":1112,"countries":1113},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":135,"name":136},{"id":872,"stories_id":1116,"tags_id":1122},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1117,"area":1118,"content":1119,"tags":1120,"countries":1121},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1123,"name":1124},1365,"Technical assistance",{"id":966,"stories_id":1126,"tags_id":1132},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1127,"area":1128,"content":1129,"tags":1130,"countries":1131},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1133,"name":1134},1374,"Law enforcement",[1136,1144,1157],{"id":968,"stories_id":1137,"countries_id":1143},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1138,"area":1139,"content":1140,"tags":1141,"countries":1142},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},{"id":927,"stories_id":1145,"countries_id":1151},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1146,"area":1147,"content":1148,"tags":1149,"countries":1150},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":1152,"name":1153,"code":1154,"latitude":1155,"longitude":1156},170,"Panama","PA",8.53798,-80.78213,{"id":969,"stories_id":1158,"countries_id":1164},{"id":927,"status":11,"sort":12,"title":928,"image":935,"description":929,"slug":930,"highlights":931,"region":1159,"area":1160,"content":1161,"tags":1162,"countries":1163},[752],[754,32],[949,954,955,877,956,896,957],[959,960,961,962,963,964,965,865,871,872,966],[968,927,969],{"id":115,"name":116,"code":117,"latitude":118,"longitude":119},{"items":1166,"total":1611},[1167,1210,1334,1442,1541],{"id":1168,"status":11,"date_created":1169,"date_updated":1170,"title":1171,"type":1172,"body":1173,"date":21,"topic":1174,"slug":1175,"activity":1176,"nid":1177,"topics":1178,"activities":1179,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"language":34,"image":1180,"translation_of":12,"countries":1190,"tags":1205,"authors":1206,"images":1207,"translations":1208,"content":1209},10605,"2026-04-15T22:45:17.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:39.000Z","Where asset recovery really happens: Peru advances landmark restitution initiative","News","> These administrative steps are where asset recovery really happens… when dirty assets are transformed into resources that support law enforcement and serve the public good.\n\nWith these words, [Oscar Solórzano](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fabout\u002Fpeople\u002Foscar-solorzano), Head of Latin America at the Basel Institute on Governance, captured the often unseen but transformative impact of asset recovery. \n\nHis remark follows a high-level meeting in Peru marking the final phase of a pioneering international agreement.\n\nOn 26 March 2026, the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of Peru hosted the Meeting of the States Parties to the [Tripartite Agreement between Peru, Switzerland and Luxembourg](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fit-takes-three-tango-switzerland-luxembourg-and-peru-sign-agreement-return-usd-26-million) on the transfer of confiscated assets. \n\nOpened by Minister Luis Enrique Jiménez Borra, the meeting brought together key Peruvian institutions alongside representatives of the Swiss authorities to review progress, assess institutional impact and discuss the next steps towards closure.\n\n### From frozen assets to public benefit\n\nThrough this cooperation, assets derived from corruption cases and previously frozen abroad have been returned to Peru and reinvested in strengthening the justice system. \n\nProjects funded under the agreement have enhanced the capacity to investigate and prosecute corruption and organised crime, improved coordination between institutions and strengthened mechanisms for asset recovery and asset management.\n\nThe National Program for Seized Assets ([PRONABI](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gob.pe\u002Fpronabi)) has overseen the transparent and accountable administration of these funds, ensuring they directly support institutions at the forefront of combating corruption.\n\nHighlighting the broader significance of the initiative, Minister Jiménez Borra stated:\n\n> International cooperation can turn assets derived from corruption into concrete tools for strengthening justice and public integrity. The Tripartite Agreement shows how recovered assets can be reinvested to benefit citizens and strengthen the rule of law.\n\n### Strong international partnership and Swiss engagement\n\nPeru’s tripartite collaboration with Switzerland and Luxembourg has provided a strong framework for cooperation. It demonstrates how countries can work together to return illicit assets in a transparent and impactful way. \n\nThe Basel Institute on Governance, through its [International Centre for Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery) (ICAR), has played a central role in supporting implementation by providing technical advice and accompanying institutions throughout the process. \n\nPaul Garnier, Ambassador of Switzerland to Peru, noted: \n\n> This meeting provides an important opportunity to review the current status of the project and the progress achieved so far. Switzerland also values the continued technical support provided by the Basel Institute on Governance throughout the implementation of this initiative. \n\nDuring the technical session, Oscar Solórzano and [Límberg Chero](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fabout\u002Fpeople\u002Flimberg-chero), a senior member of the Basel Institute’s [Public Finance Management programme in Peru](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-finance-peru), shared reflections on the implementation, impact and sustainability of the projects.\n\nCelso Alfredo Saavedra Sobrados, Executive Coordinator of PRONABI, emphasise that:\n\n> PRONABI has worked to ensure that the restituted funds are administered with transparency, efficiency and accountability, so that they directly contribute to strengthening the institutions responsible for combating corruption.\n\nHe also highlighted the close and timely technical support provided by the Basel Institute on Governance during the implementation of the project.\n\n### Setting a regional example for asset recovery\n\nThe experience demonstrates how sustained international cooperation, combined with targeted technical support, can ensure that recovered assets deliver tangible benefits for citizens and reinforce the rule of law.\n\nIt also offers a compelling example for other jurisdictions, showing that asset return can be both practical and impactful when underpinned by trust, transparency and shared objectives. \n\nThe hope is that this model will inspire further mutually beneficial efforts to return stolen assets and put them to work for the public good.",[287],"where-asset-recovery-really-happens-peru-advances-landmark-restitution-initiative-2949",[1054],2949,[294],[1054],{"id":1181,"storage":40,"filename_disk":1182,"filename_download":1183,"title":1184,"type":857,"created_on":1185,"modified_on":1185,"charset":12,"filesize":1186,"width":1187,"height":1188,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1189,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1185},"acf1f9c4-3c0f-46da-a4c6-cb846ceacb26","acf1f9c4-3c0f-46da-a4c6-cb846ceacb26.webp","peru5.webp","Peru5","2026-05-06T07:22:29.000Z",459772,2500,1668,{},[1191],{"id":1192,"news_id":1193,"countries_id":1204},7806,{"id":1168,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1169,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":1170,"title":1171,"type":1172,"body":1173,"image":1181,"date":21,"topic":1194,"slug":1175,"activity":1195,"nid":1177,"topics":1196,"activities":1197,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":34,"countries":1198,"tags":1199,"authors":1200,"images":1201,"translations":1202,"content":1203},[287],[1054],[294],[1054],[1192],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[],[],[],[],{"id":1211,"status":11,"date_created":1212,"date_updated":1213,"title":1214,"type":1215,"body":1216,"date":1217,"topic":1218,"slug":1220,"activity":1221,"nid":1225,"topics":1226,"activities":1227,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"language":34,"image":1228,"translation_of":12,"countries":1236,"tags":1256,"authors":1314,"images":1331,"translations":1332,"content":1333},10596,"2026-01-12T11:01:44.000Z","2026-01-12T11:01:45.000Z","A career with purpose in public finance management: Límberg Chero","Blog","_Our colleague Límberg Chero has played an important role in establishing the Basel Institute’s strong presence in Peru. From the early years – even before a formal office existed in Lima – to his current work with the [Subnational Public Finance Management Programme](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublic-finance-peru) ([Programa GFP Subnacional](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gfpsubnacional.pe\u002F)), his journey reflects a great passion for fighting corruption. It began far from the capital, in an ancient town in northern Peru, and was strengthened through rigorous academic training and years of public service._\n\n_This article is part of a series on careers in fighting financial crime and opportunities to learn and study with the Basel Institute._\n\n### The take-off in Peru\n\nMy journey at the Basel Institute on Governance began even before the Lima office existed.\n\nIn 2014, together with colleagues from the Basel Institute – including our dearly missed Managing Director of two decades, Gretta Fenner, and my colleague Óscar Solórzano – we launched a public finance management project funded by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland (SECO).\n\nAlthough centred on macroeconomics and fiscal policy, its essential goal was to make the public budget tangible and meaningful for citizens.\n\nTo do this, we moved beyond traditional approaches and integrated innovative tools, like the use of behavioural science to prevent corruption and foster integrity in the management of public finances. This comprehensive perspective – a novelty in Peru at the time – was key to the project proposal’s success.\n\nSince then, the Subnational Public Finance Management Programme for regional and municipal governments in Peru has retained SECO’s trust for more than 10 years.\n\nThe secret behind this success lies not only in improved processes and fiscal discipline, but in the continuous work with people committed to change. Internally, the Basel Institute’s team is multidisciplinary, open to change and committed to bridging practice and academic insight.\n\n### Bridging differences for sustainability\n\nWorking at the Basel Institute on Governance is truly a privilege. Our Lima office has gained remarkable regional recognition thanks to a distinctive approach: practical, rigorous and focused on building strong relationships with key actors in the fight against corruption, money laundering and terrorist financing.\n\nI currently lead the Subnational PFM Programme’s Interinstitutional Coordination, ensuring the programme’s effectiveness and, above all, the sustainability of reforms at subnational levels, in alignment with national efforts.\n\nThis work requires the continuous reconciliation of the different “languages”, worldviews and objectives of people across Peru’s diverse regions.\n\nOur aim is to craft strategies and messages that resonate equally to ministries, regional governments and municipalities – aligning technical agendas with political ones, and engaging civil society and academia along the way.\n\nThis challenge becomes more manageable because of my background: I come from an ancient town in northern Peru, Monsefú. Being perceived as someone close yet trained in competitive academic and professional environments fosters trust and legitimacy.\n\n### From economics to a global mission\n\nAs a child, leaving my town felt impossible. Universities were located in other regions and the educational options available largely led to local career paths tied to a modest economy with little real opportunities. At that time, the country had not yet experienced the trade openness or business development it has today.\n\nThrough hard work and the trust of people who believed in me, however, I earned scholarships that allowed me to study in highly competitive environments in Peru’s capital, Lima, more than 1,000 kilometres away from my hometown.\n\nMy foundations were solid: I completed my undergraduate studies in economics and later specialised through the Central Bank’s Economics Programme, which admits only 30 candidates out of thousands of applicants, as well as through an internship at the World Bank in Korea.\n\nI worked as an economist at institutions such as the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, the Andean Community (CAN) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).\n\nAt that time, my professional life felt complete: it combined specialised technical work with teaching and active participation in international networks. These included the Andrés Bello Agreement Network, which brought together university researchers from multiple countries to reflect on and advance regional integration in Ibero-America, as well as the Puentes Network, which focused on promoting transparency in investment by Latin American companies.\n\nBut everything changed when I fully grasped the scope of the challenges posed by global corruption. I never imagined my economics degree would only be the starting point of a much bigger journey. From that moment on, my purpose became clear: to dedicate all my experience to strengthening this fight against forces that hinder global prosperity.\n\n### Innovating with little budget\n\nIn Latin America, the Basel Institute is known for results-oriented innovation. I have witnessed firsthand how every new skill quickly finds a practical application and how we can make significant contributions without the need for additional funding.\n\nFor example, I could draw on my Master’s degrees in Process Innovation and Government Control, and in Public Management and Education (Andragogy) to enrich various initiatives we pursued, such as:\n\n*   supporting regional governments in implementing structural reforms in significantly shorter timeframes;\n*   strengthening Peru’s [Public Finance Management Experts Network](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fswiss-support-public-finance-management-experts-network-peru), which was recognised during [Peru’s National Innovation Week](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fperus-innovation-week-showcases-training-concept-our-public-finance-management-team);\n*   and reducing dropout rates and increasing course completion in our Internal Control and Integrity courses through, among other things, the introduction of “virtual coffee breaks”.\n\nDuring the pandemic, we leveraged my background in education to [enhance our online learning and training approach and results](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-design-virtual-training-course-works-your-context-experiences-peru). For example, we started to deliver courses and training across the country via Facebook, a platform that at the time did not charge for mobile data usage and allowed public officials to participate even using low-end mobile phones. These courses have since been integrated into [Basel LEARN](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F) – the Basel Institute’s online training and learning hub.\n\nTogether, these efforts enabled us to develop courses that reached more than 6,000 participants in five years – all without additional funding.\n\n### It’s all about people\n\nMy work has focused on ensuring the sustainability of tangible improvements to public finance management that the PFM Programme’s experts helped implement in areas as varied as:\n\n*   distribution of vaccines and educational materials for children;\n*   property tax collection in major cities;\n*   restitution of confiscated funds;\n*   and the fight against “green corruption”.\n\nIn this context, the most valuable asset is our network. I have more than 20,000 contacts on my business phone – all professionals who directly or indirectly contribute to the Programme’s goals, and above all, friends committed to building a better Peru.\n\nThis network generates mutual benefits: it enables the rapid dissemination of good practices, drastically reduces event preparation costs (we secure many venues at zero cost) and ensures massive impact.\n\nColleagues across the Basel Institute are a vital part of this network. Our close collaboration has led me to take part in a wide range of diverse and fascinating projects – from serving as a director and writer for several programme-produced videos, to moderating international events on asset recovery, and exchanging methodologies used in public finance management that can be applied to asset recovery and repatriation.\n\n### The foundation that inspires and sustains hope\n\nThe Peruvian context presents unique challenges. There is high political volatility, evidenced by the fact that there have been eight presidents in the past 10 years despite only two presidential elections in that period. This means that “VUCA” (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) and the notion of “chaos” are part of daily life.\n\nYet, beneath this instability lies a “subsoil” of ethically committed public officials and technical professionals who allow progress to continue. They are my daily source of inspiration.\n\nAs I often say: There are more good people than bad – they just make less noise. This reflects a reality: the visible efforts of honest Peruvians provide a stronger foundation than the corruption cases that shake us, even if public perception sometimes suggests otherwise.\n\nIn sum, I am deeply grateful for the privilege of engaging with my country and its challenges through work that strengthens public integrity and the fight against corruption. Thank you, Basel Institute – and its magnificent team around the globe – for allowing me to continue serving the world, and especially my country.\n\n### Inspired?\n\nTake a look at the learning opportunities we offer at the Basel Institute for individuals who are equally passionate about fighting corruption and financial crime:\n\n*   [Basel LEARN](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F) – our online training and learning hub with free eLearning courses and lots more\n*   [Basel STUDY](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fstudy) – our postgraduate programmes on anti-corruption and asset recovery with the University of Basel","2026-01-12",[1219],"Public Finance 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Chero","e1463339-7006-4cce-90c4-21cf2a668eaf",[],[],[],{"id":1335,"status":11,"date_created":1336,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"date":1217,"topic":1340,"slug":1341,"activity":1342,"nid":1343,"topics":1344,"activities":1345,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"language":1346,"image":1347,"translation_of":12,"countries":1351,"tags":1372,"authors":1425,"images":1439,"translations":1440,"content":1441},10597,"2026-01-12T11:01:46.000Z","2026-06-05T15:48:47.000Z","Una carrera con propósito en gestión de finanzas públicas: Límberg Chero","_Nuestro colega Límberg Chero ha desempeñado un rol importante en la consolidación de la presencia del Basel Institute en Perú. Desde los años previos a la apertura de la oficina en Lima hasta su trabajo actual en el [Programa GFP Subnacional](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gfpsubnacional.pe\u002F), su trayectoria refleja un profundo compromiso con la integridad pública y la lucha contra la corrupción. Su camino comenzó lejos de la capital, en un pueblo milenario del norte del país, y se fue forjando a través de una rigurosa formación académica y años de servicio público._\n\n_Este artículo forma parte de una serie sobre carreras vinculadas al crimen financiero y sobre las oportunidades de aprendizaje y formación que ofrece el Basel Institute._\n\n### El despegue en Perú\n\nMi camino en el Basel Institute on Governance comenzó antes de que la sede de Lima existiera.\n\nEn el año 2014, junto a varios colegas del Basel Institute, incluyendo a nuestra recordada Directora General durante 20 años, Gretta Fenner, y mi colega Óscar Solórzano, iniciamos la puesta en marcha de un proyecto de finanzas públicas financiado por la Secretaría de Estado para Asuntos Económicos de la Confederación Suiza (SECO).\n\nAunque el núcleo del proyecto era la macroeconomía y la política fiscal, el objetivo esencial era asegurar que el presupuesto público fuera tangible y significativo para la ciudadanía.\n\nEsto nos obligó a trascender los enfoques tradicionales e integrar herramientas innovadoras, tales como las ciencias del comportamiento, para fomentar la integridad y prevenir la corrupción en la gestión de finanzas públicas. Esta visión integral, una novedad en el país en aquella época, fue vital para el éxito de la propuesta.\n\nDesde entonces, el Programa de fortalecimiento de la Gestión Financiera Pública de gobiernos regionales y locales del Perú ha mantenido la confianza de SECO por más de diez años, una longevidad prácticamente inigualable.\n\nEl secreto de este éxito no radica solo en la mejora de procesos o la disciplina fiscal, sino en el trabajo permanente con las personas que impulsan el cambio. Para ello, el Basel Institute cuenta con un equipo multidisciplinario, abierto al cambio y comprometido con crear puentes entre la práctica y la academia.\n\n### Uniendo lenguajes para la sostenibilidad\n\nTrabajar en el Basel Institute on Governance es un verdadero privilegio. Nuestra oficina en Lima ha logrado una notable aceptación regional gracias a un enfoque de trabajo único: práctico, profundo y enfocado en construir relaciones sólidas con actores clave en la lucha contra la corrupción, el lavado de activos y el financiamiento del terrorismo.\n\nActualmente, lidero la Coordinación Interinstitucional del Programa GFP Subnacional. Mi rol busca asegurar la buena marcha y, sobre todo, la sostenibilidad de reformas en los niveles subnacionales, en coordinación con el nivel nacional.\n\nEsto implica un esfuerzo constante por conjugar los lenguajes, cosmovisiones y objetivos completamente diferentes de personas de las distintas regiones del país.\n\nNuestra meta es crear estrategias y mensajes que sean relevantes tanto para un ministerio, un gobierno regional o una municipalidad por igual, para así alinear las agendas técnicas con las políticas, incluyendo tanto a la sociedad civil como a la academia.\n\nEste desafío se facilita gracias a mi origen: provengo de un pueblo milenario del norte del Perú, Monsefú. El ser percibido como alguien cercano, pero que se pudo formar en ambientes académicos y profesionales competitivos, facilita la confianza y legitimidad.\n\n### De la economía a una misión global\n\nDurante mi niñez, salir de mi pueblo parecía imposible. Las universidades estaban en otra ciudad y solo brindaban la oportunidad de seguir alguna carrera local, enfocada en actividades de una economía poco desarrollada y con escasas oportunidades reales. Por ese entonces, el país no tenía la apertura comercial ni el desarrollo empresarial que tiene hoy.\n\nGracias a mucho esfuerzo y la fe de personas anónimas, pude acceder a becas para formarme en ambientes altamente competitivos en Lima, la capital de Perú, a 1.000 kilómetros de mi ciudad natal.\n\nMi base fue sólida: estudié economía como carrera de pregrado y luego me especialicé con el curso de Economía del Banco Central (donde solo entran 30 de entre miles de postulantes) y haciendo una pasantía en el Banco Mundial en Corea.\n\nLuego trabajé con temas de macroeconomía en instituciones como el Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, el Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, la Comunidad Andina (CAN) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID).\n\nPor ese entonces, mi vida profesional parecía completa: no solo incluía mis actividades profesionales especializadas, sino que también la docencia y la participación en redes internacionales. Por ejemplo, participaba en el Convenio Andrés Bello, que unía a investigadores de universidades de varios países para reflexionar y actuar en temas de integración en Iberoamérica, y en la Red Puentes, que unía esfuerzos en torno a la transparencia de las inversiones de las empresas translatinas.\n\nPero el giro llegó al entender a fondo los megadesafíos globales de la corrupción. Nunca imaginé que mis estudios en economía serían tan solo el punto de partida de una ruta mucho más importante. Desde entonces, mi propósito ha sido volcar toda mi experiencia para fortalecer la lucha contra los flagelos que impiden la prosperidad global.\n\n### Innovando con presupuesto cero\n\nEl Basel Institute en Latinoamérica se caracteriza por su innovación orientada a resultados. Yo mismo soy testigo de cómo cada nueva habilidad encuentra un espacio de aplicación y permite realizar importantes aportes sin requerir de presupuesto adicional.\n\nPor ejemplo, mis maestrías en Innovación de Procesos y Control Gubernamental y en Gerencia Pública y Educación (Andragogía) han sido canalizadas para enriquecer diversas iniciativas:\n\n*   ayudando a gobiernos regionales a realizar cambios estructurales en plazos mucho menores al promedio;\n*   enriqueciendo la [Red de Expertos GFP](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fswiss-support-public-finance-management-experts-network-peru) del país (iniciativa reconocida en la [Semana Nacional de Innovación de Perú](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fperus-innovation-week-showcases-training-concept-our-public-finance-management-team)),\n*   reduciendo la deserción a la vez que aumentando el número de aprobados en nuestros cursos de Control Interno e Integridad, gracias a la implementación de \"coffee breaks virtuales\".\n\nDurante la pandemia, aprovechamos mi formación en educación para [potenciar una iniciativa de educación y entrenamiento](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-design-virtual-training-course-works-your-context-experiences-peru) que permitía llevar cursos y capacitaciones a todo el Perú a través de Facebook. En ese entonces, la red social no cobraba por el uso de datos móviles y permitía el acceso a todos los funcionarios públicos, incluso si solo tenían celulares de gama baja. Ahora, esos cursos se han integrado a [Basel LEARN](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F), la plataforma educativa del Basel Institute.\n\nEn conjunto, logramos implementar cursos que contaron con más de 6.000 alumnos durante cinco años, todo sin usar presupuesto adicional.\n\n### La importancia de las redes de contacto\n\nMi labor ha estado enfocada en asegurar la sostenibilidad de mejoras tangibles desarrolladas por los expertos del Programa GFP en temas tan variados como:\n\n*   la distribución de vacunas y materiales educativos a niños,\n*   la recaudación predial en ciudades principales,\n*   la restitución de fondos decomisados\n*   y la lucha contra la \"corrupción verde\".\n\nEn este contexto, lo más valioso es la red de trabajo. Actualmente, tengo más de 20 mil contactos en mi teléfono, todos profesionales relevantes directa o indirectamente en la actividad del Programa GFP, pero principalmente amigos comprometidos con el ideal de un Perú mejor.\n\nEsta gran red genera beneficios mutuos, ya que permite la difusión de buenas prácticas, reduce drásticamente los costos de preparación de eventos (tenemos muchos locales a costo cero) y asegura un impacto masivo.\n\nLos colegas dentro del mismo Basel Institute son también parte importante de esta red. Nuestra estrecha colaboración me ha llevado a participar en proyectos tan diferentes e interesantes como director y guionista en varios videos producidos por el programa, moderar eventos internacionales de recuperación de activos e intercambiar metodologías usadas en finanzas públicas para la recuperación y repatriación de activos.\n\n### La base que inspira y sostiene la esperanza\n\nEl contexto peruano presenta retos únicos. Hay una alta volatilidad política, evidenciada por el hecho de haber tenido ocho Presidentes en los últimos diez años, cuando en teoría elegimos uno cada cinco años. Esto hace que los entornos “VUCA” (volátiles, inciertos, complejos y ambiguos) y conceptos como “caos” cobren un sentido literal en nuestro día a día.\n\nNo obstante, existe un \"subsuelo\" de funcionarios y técnicos éticamente responsables que permite que el trabajo avance y que me inspira día a día.\n\nComo suelo decir en mis charlas: \"Los buenos somos más, pero hacemos menos bulla.\" Esta frase refleja la realidad: el esfuerzo visible de los peruanos honestos es una buena base que supera en valía a los casos de corrupción que nos golpean, aunque muchas veces la percepción nos diga lo contrario.\n\nEn suma, el privilegio de aproximarme al país y a sus desafíos, implementando temas que sé que aportan al fortalecimiento de la integridad pública y la lucha contra la corrupción, hace que agradezca la oportunidad:\n\nGracias, Basel Institute, gracias a su grandioso equipo en todo el mundo, por la oportunidad de seguir sirviendo al mundo y, especialmente, a mi país.\n\n### ¿Te gustó esta historia?\n\nSi también te interesa o apasiona dedicarte a la lucha contra la corrupción y el crimen financiero, te invitamos a revisar la oferta educativa del Basel Institute:\n\n*   [Basel LEARN](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F): nuestra plataforma de aprendizaje en línea, con cursos virtuales gratuitos y otros recursos\n*   [Basel STUDY](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fstudy): nuestros programas de postgrado en anti-corrupción y recuperación de activos, dictados en conjunto con la Universidad de Basilea",[1219],"una-carrera-con-proposito-en-gestion-de-finanzas-publicas-limberg-chero-2904",[1222,1223,1224],2904,[1219],[1222,1223,1224],"Espanol",{"id":1348,"storage":40,"filename_disk":1349,"filename_download":1231,"title":1338,"type":857,"created_on":1336,"modified_on":1336,"charset":12,"filesize":1232,"width":1233,"height":1234,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1350,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1336},"a52c7090-9a50-4ebc-88ce-177c6e84f215","a52c7090-9a50-4ebc-88ce-177c6e84f215.webp",{},[1352],{"id":1353,"news_id":1354,"countries_id":1371},7802,{"id":1335,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1336,"user_updated":1355,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"image":1348,"date":1217,"topic":1356,"slug":1341,"activity":1357,"nid":1343,"topics":1358,"activities":1359,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":1346,"countries":1360,"tags":1361,"authors":1366,"images":1368,"translations":1369,"content":1370},"115250da-6c1d-42e7-888a-fbbe909fc524",[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1353],[1362,1363,1364,1365],5591,5594,5625,5626,[1367],1367,[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[1373,1386,1399,1412],{"id":1362,"news_id":1374,"tags_id":1385},{"id":1335,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1336,"user_updated":1355,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"image":1348,"date":1217,"topic":1375,"slug":1341,"activity":1376,"nid":1343,"topics":1377,"activities":1378,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":1346,"countries":1379,"tags":1380,"authors":1381,"images":1382,"translations":1383,"content":1384},[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1353],[1362,1363,1364,1365],[1367],[],[],[],{"id":1270,"name":1271},{"id":1363,"news_id":1387,"tags_id":1398},{"id":1335,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1336,"user_updated":1355,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"image":1348,"date":1217,"topic":1388,"slug":1341,"activity":1389,"nid":1343,"topics":1390,"activities":1391,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":1346,"countries":1392,"tags":1393,"authors":1394,"images":1395,"translations":1396,"content":1397},[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1353],[1362,1363,1364,1365],[1367],[],[],[],{"id":514,"name":515},{"id":1364,"news_id":1400,"tags_id":1411},{"id":1335,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1336,"user_updated":1355,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"image":1348,"date":1217,"topic":1401,"slug":1341,"activity":1402,"nid":1343,"topics":1403,"activities":1404,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":1346,"countries":1405,"tags":1406,"authors":1407,"images":1408,"translations":1409,"content":1410},[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1353],[1362,1363,1364,1365],[1367],[],[],[],{"id":1298,"name":1299},{"id":1365,"news_id":1413,"tags_id":1424},{"id":1335,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1336,"user_updated":1355,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"image":1348,"date":1217,"topic":1414,"slug":1341,"activity":1415,"nid":1343,"topics":1416,"activities":1417,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":1346,"countries":1418,"tags":1419,"authors":1420,"images":1421,"translations":1422,"content":1423},[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1353],[1362,1363,1364,1365],[1367],[],[],[],{"id":1313,"name":1222},[1426],{"id":1367,"news_id":1427,"authors_id":1438},{"id":1335,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1336,"user_updated":1355,"date_updated":1337,"title":1338,"type":1215,"body":1339,"image":1348,"date":1217,"topic":1428,"slug":1341,"activity":1429,"nid":1343,"topics":1430,"activities":1431,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":12,"translation_of":12,"language":1346,"countries":1432,"tags":1433,"authors":1434,"images":1435,"translations":1436,"content":1437},[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1219],[1222,1223,1224],[1353],[1362,1363,1364,1365],[1367],[],[],[],{"id":1328,"name":1329,"position":12,"image":1330},[],[],[],{"id":1443,"status":11,"date_created":1444,"date_updated":1445,"title":1446,"type":1215,"body":1447,"date":1448,"topic":1449,"slug":1450,"activity":1451,"nid":1452,"topics":1453,"activities":1454,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1455,"language":1346,"image":1457,"translation_of":1465,"countries":1507,"tags":1522,"authors":1523,"images":1538,"translations":1539,"content":1540},10547,"2025-05-06T10:01:35.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:36.000Z","El desmantelamiento de la ley de recuperación de activos más exitosa de Perú es un paso atrás para el país - y la justicia","[_See English version_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fdismantling-perus-most-successful-asset-recovery-law-step-backwards-country-and-justice)\n\nA veces parece que el apoyo de alto nivel a la lucha contra la corrupción y la delincuencia se da la vuelta. Es el caso de Perú, país estrechamente asociado al Instituto de Basilea sobre la Gobernanza desde hace más de una década\n\nUn logro emblemático en este tiempo ha sido la aprobación en 2018 de una nueva ley de decomiso sin condena, la Extinción de dominio, y su despliegue en todo el país a través de un subsistema judicial que incluye fiscalías, tribunales y cortes de apelación descentralizadas y especializadas.\n\nLa Ley de Extinción de Dominio de Perú se considera un elemento innovador en la lucha contra la corrupción y la delincuencia organizada grave. El año pasado, la Fiscalía de la Nación aplaudió el uso de la ley para [recuperar 94 millones de dólares](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fperu-celebrates-five-years-its-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-law-usd-94-million-so-far) en activos ilícitos hasta la fecha. Se ha aplicado en casos [nacionales](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fquispe-callo-case-perus-provincial-prosecutors-recover-corrupt-assets-through-non-conviction) e [internacionales](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fswitzerland-return-usd-85-million-peru-precedent-setting-case-non-conviction-based-forfeiture) que han sentado precedentes importantes y han reforzado el mensaje de que el delito no es rentable\n\nDesde la adopción de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra la Corrupción (CNUCC) en 2003, el decomiso sin condena se ha convertido en una norma internacional. La ley de Extinción de dominio se basa en un [modelo](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Flatin-americas-model-law-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-illicit-assets-turns-10-what-now) común en América Latina que fue introducido por primera vez por la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito (UNODC). La Extinción de dominio se ajusta a los estándares establecidos por Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI), cuyas Recomendaciones 4 y 38 actualizadas hacen ahora [obligatoria legislación de decomiso sin condena](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Ffatf-seeks-change-landscape-international-asset-recovery-what-means-latin-america). GAFILAT, el capítulo latinoamericano del GAFI, también ha [reconocido la utilidad](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FCorteSuprema\u002Fposts\u002Fimportante-el-secretario-ejecutivo-de-gafilat-advirtió-que-la-𝗮𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗼́𝗻-𝗱𝗲-𝗹𝗮-\u002F995126142647976\u002F) de esta herramienta en el contexto latinoamericano.\n\nSin embargo, ahora se encuentra al borde del precipicio, a punto de ser desmantelada o debilitada hasta el punto de resultar (casi) inútil.\n\n### Lucha _contra_ el Estado de Derecho\n\nA finales de 2024, [advertimos](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fel-desmantelamiento-de-la-recuperacion-de-activos-en-el-peru-un-llamado-la-cautela-y-la)  que el Proyecto de Ley 3577-2022 representaba un ataque a la Extinción de dominio. Este Proyecto, pretende modificar la legislación peruana de Extinción de dominio, entre otras cosas, condicionando su aplicación a una condena penal.\n\nAl hacerlo, el Proyecto de ley distorsiona el concepto jurídico _de_ decomiso _sin condena_. Al introducir una condena penal como condición básica para su aplicación, el Proyecto de ley hace (casi) inútil la ley actual. Introduce una contradicción fundamental que carece de lógica o de justificación legal. En [Ecuador se](https:\u002F\u002Fecuadorchequea.com\u002Fextincion-de-dominio-sin-necesidad-de-sentencia-plantea-el-ejecutivo\u002F) han introducido recientemente restricciones similares, que han reducido drásticamente el ámbito de aplicación de la ley.\n\nLamentablemente, el proyecto de ley [fue aprobado por el Congreso](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.infobae.com\u002Fperu\u002F2025\u002F04\u002F11\u002Fcongreso-aprueba-debilitar-el-proceso-de-extincion-de-dominio-modificaciones-beneficiarian-a-implicados-en-casos-de-corrupcion\u002F) en segunda lectura el 10 de abril, a pesar de las preocupaciones planteadas por la Fiscalía de la Nación, el Poder Judicial e incluso el Presidente.\n\nEn este momento, no está claro si el proyecto de ley afectará sólo a los casos futuros o si repercutirá en los miles de casos en curso a nivel nacional e internacional. Los principios jurídicos y el sentido común sugerirían lo primero, pero todo el proceso de modificación de la ley ha obedecido más a consideraciones políticas que jurídicas.\n\n### Posibles consecuencias\n\nLo que parece obvio es que los abogados defensores de los concernidos por el nuevo Proyecto de ley emprenderán pronto acciones para liberar los bienes actualmente asegurados por medidas preventivas. Esto incluye a figuras políticas de alto perfil, como ex presidentes condenados por corrupción en el escándalo de corrupción Lava Jato (Odebrecht). Por ejemplo, los bienes incautados por los fiscales especializados de Extinción de dominio en relación con la reciente condena del [ex presidente Alejandro Toledo](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pbs.org\u002Fnewshour\u002Fworld\u002Fperus-former-president-alejandro-toledo-sentenced-to-20-years-in-corruption-case) corren el riesgo de ser liberados.\n\nNo se trata sólo de corrupción. Los procedimientos de Extinción de dominio en curso también se centran en activos ilícitos vinculados a otras formas de delincuencia grave y organizada, como el narcotráfico y delitos medioambientales como la pesca ilegal, la minería y la deforestación. Estos casos también se quedarían en el camino.\n\n### ¿Cuál es la razón?\n\nComo cualquier ley nueva, ha habido algunas incoherencias y preocupaciones en torno a su aplicación. En un reciente [documento de trabajo](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54) analicé estas preocupaciones y abogué por una mayor armonización con las normas internacionales de derechos humanos para garantizar la confianza y la legitimidad, así como la cooperación internacional\n\nSin embargo, estas preocupaciones se debieron a _la aplicación de la ley_, no a su concepto o legitimidad jurídica\u002Fsocial. En resumen, las preocupaciones se dividen en dos grupos:\n\n*   Técnicas: Fiscales y jueces han aplicado en algunos casos criterios que no se ajustan a las doctrinas de derechos humanos. El análisis de los casos problemáticos muestra en efecto que la ley ha sido utilizada controversialmente en contados casos para decomisar bienes de terceros inocentes o de empresas por culpa o negligencia de sus empleados. El fortalecimiento de las capacidades de los fiscales y jueces competentes en cuestiones delicadas y técnicas como la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales contribuiría en gran medida a eliminar este riesgo.\n*   Políticas: Una de las razones de esta cuestión es la aparición de un discurso de \"mano dura\" contra la delincuencia organizada. Esto atrae usualmente a muchos partidarios y da lugar a una retórica populista de aplicación eficaz de la ley contra los \"malos\". Esta situación ha dado lugar a la errónea percepción de que la ley de Extinción de dominio es un garrote que blandir contra el crimen organizado. Las consecuencias de esta forma de ver han generado un pequeño número de violaciones de los estándares internacionales aplicables que han servido para dar a los opositores un argumento válido para atacar la esencia de la ley, aunque los errores provengan de su aplicación.\n\nLa crítica es la base de la mejora continua, por lo que acogemos con satisfacción que se planteen estas preocupaciones a través de un debate abierto. Creemos que abordarlas debe ser una prioridad y, en última instancia, hará que la ley sea más eficiente.\n\nEl Basel Institute ha apoyado activamente iniciativas en este sentido, por ejemplo a través de convenciones de [jueces](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fjudges-convention-shows-why-peru-leader-recovering-proceeds-corruption-through-non-conviction) y [fiscales](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fperu-celebrates-five-years-its-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-law-usd-94-million-so-far) y de [diálogos](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fdebating-perus-non-conviction-forfeiture-law-episode-1) abiertos con expertos, así como mediante nuestra participación en GAFILAT y en otros foros pertinentes sobre recuperación de activos.\n\n### Implicaciones más amplias\n\nEn mi opinión, y la opinión de muchos de mis colegas de Perú y la región, este ataque a la Extinción de dominio tendrá un impacto desastroso en la lucha contra la corrupción y otros delitos graves en el Perú. Además de potencialmente afectar los casos en curso, los cambios en la ley eliminan el efecto disuasorio de las leyes de recuperación de activos y generan un terreno fértil para la impunidad. \n\nTambién es probable que perjudique la posición internacional de Perú. Las Recomendaciones 4 y 38 actualizadas del GAFI no sólo hacen obligatoria la adopción de leyes de decomiso sin condena; el GAFI ha dejado claro que dicha ley también debe ser operativa y eficaz, y debe respetar los derechos humanos. El proyecto de ley es contrario a la letra y al espíritu de estas Recomendaciones y las contradice profundamente.\n\nSe espera que este revés legislativo afecte a los resultados de Perú en su próxima quinta ronda de evaluación mutua por el GAFI. Las consecuencias de esto podrían tener consecuencias significativas para la reputación y la economía de Perú, [particularmente si es incluido en la lista gris](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Fthe-impact-of-grey-listing-by-the-financial-action-task-force-fatf).\n\nMi primera esperanza es que las enmiendas no sean ratificadas por la Presidente de la República, que tiene el poder constitucional de vetarlas.\n\nUna segunda fuente de esperanza es el poder judicial. Cabe esperar resistencia por parte de los jueces de primera línea de los juzgados especializados en Extinción de dominio, dado que lo más probable es que las acciones legales para descongelar activos mencionadas anteriormente se decidan en estos tribunales.\n\nEn última instancia, probablemente serán la Corte Suprema o el Tribunal Constitucional los que determinen si el nuevo proyecto de ley se aplicará y cuándo, y se pronuncien sobre su compatibilidad con la Constitución y el Derecho internacional. \n\nPor último, existe la esperanza de contar con el apoyo de la comunidad internacional, ya que este asunto no sólo es relevante para Perú. También es un tema crítico para otros países que ven ataques similares contra leyes que han demostrado ser eficaces contra la corrupción de alto nivel y el crimen organizado.\n\n### Más información\n\n*   [Working Paper 54: Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture](\u002F\u002F\u002FUsers\u002Foscarsolorzano\u002FDownloads\u002F•%09https:\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54), de Oscar Solórzano, explora las leyes de Extinción de dominio en América Latina y aboga por su mayor armonización con las normas internacionales de derechos humanos para fomentar la confianza y la legitimidad.\n*   Vea una serie de [conversaciones en YouTube](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=mIV_R8FOYNw&list=PLYRnhpCcnLP9s4bZW_W390N64JDFJXJnw&index=2) de expertos del International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) del Basel Institute on Governance debatiendo el tema.\n*   Véase la [declaración 2024](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fel-desmantelamiento-de-la-recuperacion-de-activos-en-el-peru-un-llamado-la-cautela-y-la) de Oscar Solórzano sobre esta cuestión.","2025-05-05",[287],"el-desmantelamiento-de-la-ley-de-recuperacion-de-activos-mas-exitosa-de-peru-es-un-paso-atras-para-el-pais-y-la-justicia-2803",[1224],2803,[294],[1224],[1456],"Main page",{"id":1458,"storage":40,"filename_disk":1459,"filename_download":1231,"title":1446,"type":857,"created_on":1460,"modified_on":1460,"charset":12,"filesize":1461,"width":1462,"height":1463,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1464,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1460},"88e69df4-b858-4e14-8bf4-bf7fa2580684","88e69df4-b858-4e14-8bf4-bf7fa2580684.webp","2025-05-12T21:09:29.000Z",83220,1400,851,{},{"id":1466,"status":11,"date_created":1467,"date_updated":1445,"title":1468,"type":1215,"body":1469,"date":1448,"topic":1470,"slug":1471,"activity":1472,"nid":1473,"topics":1474,"activities":1475,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1476,"language":34,"image":1477,"translation_of":12,"countries":1483,"tags":1486,"authors":1487,"images":1490,"translations":1491,"content":1506},10548,"2025-05-06T10:01:36.000Z","Dismantling Peru’s most successful asset recovery law is a step backwards for the country – and justice","[Ver versión en español](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fel-desmantelamiento-de-la-ley-de-recuperacion-de-activos-mas-exitosa-de-peru-es-un-paso-atras).\n\nSometimes it seems like high-level support for the fight against corruption and crime is being turned on its head. That includes in Peru, a close partner country of the Basel Institute on Governance for more than a decade.\n\nA flagship achievement in this time has been the adoption of a new non-conviction based forfeiture law in 2018, Extinción de dominio, and its rollout across the country via a judicial subsystem including decentralised and specialised prosecutor’s offices, tribunals and appeals courts.\n\nPeru’s Extinción de dominio law is widely seen as a gamechanger in the fight against corruption and serious organised crime. Last year, the Attorney General applauded the law’s use to [recover USD 94 million](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fperu-celebrates-five-years-its-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-law-usd-94-million-so-far) in illicit assets. It has been applied in both [domestic](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fquispe-callo-case-perus-provincial-prosecutors-recover-corrupt-assets-through-non-conviction) and [international](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fswitzerland-return-usd-85-million-peru-precedent-setting-case-non-conviction-based-forfeiture) cases that have set important precedents and bolstered the message that crime doesn’t pay.\n\nSince the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in 2003, non-conviction based forfeiture has become an international standard. The Extinción de dominio law is based on a common [model](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Flatin-americas-model-law-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-illicit-assets-turns-10-what-now) in Latin America that was first introduced by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). It aligns with the requirements of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), whose updated Recommendations 4 and 38 now make [non-conviction based forfeiture legislation mandatory](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Ffatf-seeks-change-landscape-international-asset-recovery-what-means-latin-america). GAFILAT, the Latin American chapter of the FATF, has also [recognised the usefulness](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FCorteSuprema\u002Fposts\u002Fimportante-el-secretario-ejecutivo-de-gafilat-advirtió-que-la-𝗮𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗼́𝗻-𝗱𝗲-𝗹𝗮-\u002F995126142647976\u002F) of this tool in the Latin American context.\n\nYet now it is on a cliff edge, on the verge of being dismantled or weakened to the extent that it is almost useless.\n\n### Fighting _against_ the rule of law\n\nAt the end of 2024, we [warned](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fel-desmantelamiento-de-la-recuperacion-de-activos-en-el-peru-un-llamado-la-cautela-y-la) of an attack on Extinción de dominio in the form of Bill 3577-2022. This seeks to amend Peru’s Extinción de dominio legislation by, among other things, making its application conditional on a criminal conviction.\n\nIn doing so, the Bill distorts the legal concept of _non-conviction based_ forfeiture. By introducing a criminal conviction as a basic condition for its application, the bill renders the current law (almost) useless. It introduces a fundamental contradiction that lacks logic or legal justification. Similar restrictions have been introduced in [Ecuador](https:\u002F\u002Fecuadorchequea.com\u002Fextincion-de-dominio-sin-necesidad-de-sentencia-plantea-el-ejecutivo\u002F) recently, which have drastically reduced the scope of the law’s application.\n\nUnfortunately, the Bill was [passed by Congress](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.infobae.com\u002Fperu\u002F2025\u002F04\u002F11\u002Fcongreso-aprueba-debilitar-el-proceso-de-extincion-de-dominio-modificaciones-beneficiarian-a-implicados-en-casos-de-corrupcion\u002F) at a second reading on 10 April 2025, despite concerns raised by the Attorney General’s Office, Judiciary and even the President.\n\nAt this point, it is unclear whether the Bill will affect only future cases or whether it will impact the thousands of ongoing cases at the national and international levels. Legal principles and common sense would suggest the former, but the entire process of amending the law has been driven more by political than legal considerations.\n\n### Potential consequences\n\nWhat seems clear is that the defence lawyers of those impacted by the new Bill will soon take action to release assets currently secured by preventive measures.\n\nThis includes high-profile political figures, such as former presidents convicted of corruption in the Lava Jato (Odebrecht) corruption scandal. For example, assets seized by specialised Extinción de dominio prosecutors in relation to the recent conviction of [former President Alejandro Toledo](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pbs.org\u002Fnewshour\u002Fworld\u002Fperus-former-president-alejandro-toledo-sentenced-to-20-years-in-corruption-case) risk being released.\n\nIt's not only about corruption. Ongoing Extinción de dominio proceedings are also targeting illicit assets linked to other forms of serious and organised crime, like drug trafficking and environmental crimes such as illegal fishing, mining and deforestation. These cases too would fall by the wayside. \n\n### What’s the rationale?\n\nLike any novel law, there have been some inconsistencies and concerns around its application in practice. I explored these concerns in a recent [Working Paper](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54) and argued for closer alignment with international human rights standards in order to ensure trust and legitimacy, as well as international cooperation.\n\nThese concerns were triggered by the law’s _application in practice_, not by its concept or legal\u002Fsocial legitimacy. In brief, the issues fall into two camps:\n\n*   Technical: Prosecutors and judges have in some cases applied criteria that are not in line with [those developed by human rights tribunals](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54). Analysis of flawed cases shows that it has been applied to confiscate assets of innocent third parties or of companies due to the fault or negligence of their employees. Specialised training for relevant prosecutors and judges on sensitive and technical issues such as the infringement of fundamental rights would go a long way to eliminating this risk.\n*   Political: One reason for the above issue is the emergence of a “tough” discourse against organised crime. This attracts many supporters and gives rise to populist rhetoric of efficient law enforcement against the “bad guys\". It has led to misperceptions that the Extinción de dominio law is a cudgel to wield against organised crime. The consequences are a small number of violations of international standards that have given opponents a valid argument to attack the essence of the law, even though the errors stem from its implementation.\n\nCriticism is the basis for continuous improvement, so we welcome the raising of these concerns through open discussion. We believe that addressing them should be a priority and will ultimately make the law more effective.\n\nThe Basel Institute has actively supported initiatives to do this, for example through conventions of [judges](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fjudges-convention-shows-why-peru-leader-recovering-proceeds-corruption-through-non-conviction) and [prosecutors](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fperu-celebrates-five-years-its-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-law-usd-94-million-so-far) and through [open dialogues](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fdebating-perus-non-conviction-forfeiture-law-episode-1) with experts, as well as through our participation in GAFILAT and other relevant asset recovery forums.\n\n### Wider implications\n\nIn my view, and the view of many of my counterparts across Peru and the region, this attack on Extinción de dominio will have a disastrous impact on the fight against corruption and other serious crime in Peru. As well as potentially destroying or diminishing ongoing cases, it eliminates the deterrent effect of asset recovery laws and opens the door to impunity. \n\nIt will also likely harm Peru’s international standing. The FATF’s updated Recommendations 4 and 38 not only make the adoption of non-conviction based forfeiture laws mandatory; the FATF has made it clear that such a law must also be operational and effective, and it must respect human rights. The Bill is contrary to the letter and spirit of these Recommendations and deeply contradicts them.\n\nThis legislative setback is expected to affect Peru’s performance in its upcoming fifth-round mutual evaluation by the FATF. The consequences of this could have significant reputational and economic consequences for Peru, [particularly if it is grey listed](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.u4.no\u002Fpublications\u002Fthe-impact-of-grey-listing-by-the-financial-action-task-force-fatf).\n\n### Reasons for hope\n\nMy first hope is that the amendments are not ratified by the President of the Republic, who has the constitutional power to veto them.\n\nA second source of hope is the judicial branch. Resistance can be expected from frontline judges in specialised Extinción de dominio lower courts, given that the legal actions to unfreeze assets mentioned above will most likely be decided in these courts. Ultimately, it will probably be the Supreme Court or the Constitutional Court that will determine if and when the new Bill will be applied and rule on its compatibility with the constitution and international law. \n\nFinally, there is hope of support from the international community, as this issue is relevant not only for Peru. It is also a critical issue for other countries seeing similar attacks on laws that are proven to be effective against high-level corruption and organised crime.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   [Working Paper 54: Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture](\u002F\u002F\u002FUsers\u002Foscarsolorzano\u002FDownloads\u002F•%09https:\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fwp-54) by Oscar Solórzano explores Extinción de dominio laws in Latin America and argues for their closer alignment with international human rights standards to foster trust and legitimacy.\n*   View a series of [conversations on YouTube](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=mIV_R8FOYNw&list=PLYRnhpCcnLP9s4bZW_W390N64JDFJXJnw&index=2) by experts of the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery debating the topic.\n*   See Oscar Solórzano’s [2024 statement in Spanish](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fel-desmantelamiento-de-la-recuperacion-de-activos-en-el-peru-un-llamado-la-cautela-y-la) on this issue.",[287],"dismantling-perus-most-successful-asset-recovery-law-is-a-step-backwards-for-the-country-and-justice-2802",[1224],2802,[294],[1224],[1456],{"id":1478,"storage":40,"filename_disk":1479,"filename_download":1231,"title":1468,"type":857,"folder":1480,"uploaded_by":308,"created_on":1481,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":1481,"charset":12,"filesize":1461,"width":1462,"height":1463,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1482,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1481},"8f3c6b41-962f-4dbe-89c3-9ee02d70c018","8f3c6b41-962f-4dbe-89c3-9ee02d70c018.webp","4e9db8d3-4036-43b2-8c07-2f5eb99e64f9","2025-05-12T21:09:30.000Z",{},[1484],{"id":1485,"news_id":1466,"countries_id":6},7069,[],[1488],{"id":1489,"news_id":1466,"authors_id":406},1082,[],[1492],{"id":1443,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1444,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":1445,"title":1446,"type":1215,"body":1447,"image":1458,"date":1448,"topic":1493,"slug":1450,"activity":1494,"nid":1452,"topics":1495,"activities":1496,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1497,"translation_of":1466,"language":1346,"countries":1498,"tags":1500,"authors":1501,"images":1503,"translations":1504,"content":1505},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],[1499],7068,[],[1502],1081,[],[],[],[],[1508],{"id":1499,"news_id":1509,"countries_id":1521},{"id":1443,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1444,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":1445,"title":1446,"type":1215,"body":1447,"image":1458,"date":1448,"topic":1510,"slug":1450,"activity":1511,"nid":1452,"topics":1512,"activities":1513,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1514,"translation_of":1466,"language":1346,"countries":1515,"tags":1516,"authors":1517,"images":1518,"translations":1519,"content":1520},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],[1499],[],[1502],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[1524],{"id":1502,"news_id":1525,"authors_id":1537},{"id":1443,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1444,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":1445,"title":1446,"type":1215,"body":1447,"image":1458,"date":1448,"topic":1526,"slug":1450,"activity":1527,"nid":1452,"topics":1528,"activities":1529,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1530,"translation_of":1466,"language":1346,"countries":1531,"tags":1532,"authors":1533,"images":1534,"translations":1535,"content":1536},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],[1499],[],[1502],[],[],[],{"id":406,"name":407,"position":12,"image":408},[],[],[],{"id":1466,"status":11,"date_created":1467,"date_updated":1445,"title":1468,"type":1215,"body":1469,"date":1448,"topic":1542,"slug":1471,"activity":1543,"nid":1473,"topics":1544,"activities":1545,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1546,"language":34,"image":1547,"translation_of":12,"countries":1549,"tags":1564,"authors":1565,"images":1580,"translations":1581,"content":1610},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],{"id":1478,"storage":40,"filename_disk":1479,"filename_download":1231,"title":1468,"type":857,"created_on":1481,"modified_on":1481,"charset":12,"filesize":1461,"width":1462,"height":1463,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":1548,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":1481},{},[1550],{"id":1485,"news_id":1551,"countries_id":1563},{"id":1466,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1467,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":1445,"title":1468,"type":1215,"body":1469,"image":1478,"date":1448,"topic":1552,"slug":1471,"activity":1553,"nid":1473,"topics":1554,"activities":1555,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1556,"translation_of":12,"language":34,"countries":1557,"tags":1558,"authors":1559,"images":1560,"translations":1561,"content":1562},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],[1485],[],[1489],[],[1443],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":79,"latitude":80,"longitude":81},[],[1566],{"id":1489,"news_id":1567,"authors_id":1579},{"id":1466,"status":11,"user_created":308,"date_created":1467,"user_updated":54,"date_updated":1445,"title":1468,"type":1215,"body":1469,"image":1478,"date":1448,"topic":1568,"slug":1471,"activity":1569,"nid":1473,"topics":1570,"activities":1571,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1572,"translation_of":12,"language":34,"countries":1573,"tags":1574,"authors":1575,"images":1576,"translations":1577,"content":1578},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],[1485],[],[1489],[],[1443],[],{"id":406,"name":407,"position":12,"image":408},[],[1582],{"id":1443,"status":11,"date_created":1444,"date_updated":1445,"title":1446,"type":1215,"body":1447,"date":1448,"topic":1583,"slug":1450,"activity":1584,"nid":1452,"topics":1585,"activities":1586,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":1587,"language":1346,"image":1588,"translation_of":1590,"countries":1602,"tags":1604,"authors":1605,"images":1607,"translations":1608,"content":1609},[287],[1224],[294],[1224],[1456],{"id":1458,"storage":40,"filename_disk":1459,"filename_download":1231,"title":1446,"type":857,"folder":1480,"uploaded_by":308,"created_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