[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":508},["ShallowReactive",2],{"country-pakistan":3,"country-news-pakistan-1":7,"country-publications-pakistan-1":106,"country-stories-pakistan-1":505},{"name":4,"ids":5},"Pakistan",[6],175,{"items":8,"total":105},[9],{"id":10,"status":11,"date_created":12,"date_updated":13,"title":14,"type":15,"body":16,"date":17,"topic":18,"slug":22,"activity":23,"nid":25,"topics":26,"activities":28,"programme":29,"area":29,"websites":30,"language":29,"image":32,"translation_of":29,"countries":44,"tags":67,"authors":84,"images":102,"translations":103,"content":104},9799,"published","2022-05-26T22:55:50.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:56.000Z","AML risks in Pakistan: consequences of the latest FATF report","Blog","Pakistan has jumped up the Basel AML Index, the Basel Institute’s independent, data-based index of the risk of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML\u002FTF) around the world. The country’s risk score rose from 6.45 to 7.66 out of 10, where 10 equals the highest assessed risk of ML\u002FTF.\n\nThe next [Expert Edition](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fbasel-aml-index\u002Fexpert-edition) update of the Basel AML Index will reflect these changes. The [Public Edition](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fbasel-aml-index\u002Fpublic-ranking), which is released annually, will be updated next August.\n\nThe reason for the sudden increase was a new [Mutual Evaluation Report for Pakistan](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fmutualevaluations\u002Fdocuments\u002Fmer-pakistan-2019.html) published in October 2019 by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the intergovernmental organisation that designs and promotes policies and standards to combat financial crime.\n\n### FATF MERs – a primary source for assessing AML\u002FCFT risks\n\nFATF Mutual Evaluation Reports (MERs) are a primary [data source](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.baselgovernance.org\u002Fbasel-aml-index\u002Fmethodology\u002Findicators#2) for assessing the quality of a country’s legal and institutional framework for anti-money laundering and counter financing of terrorism (AML\u002FCFT) and its application in practice. However, the evaluations are conducted infrequently and the methodology has evolved over time, making comparability among countries with old and new FATF evaluations more difficult.\n\nIn Pakistan’s case, the previous MER was issued in 2009 and based on the 2004 assessment methodology, which measured only the technical compliance of Pakistan’s AML\u002FCFT framework with the [FATF 40 Recommendations](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Ffatfrecommendations\u002Fdocuments\u002Fthe40recommendationspublishedoctober2004.html). The 2019 report is based on the [fourth-round methodology](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fmutualevaluations\u002Fdocuments\u002F4th-round-procedures.html), which assesses not just the technical compliance of the framework but its effectiveness in real life.\n\nThis new focus on effectiveness is a major reason for the country’s FATF sub-score in the Basel AML Index jumping from 6.12 to 8.50 out of 10. Since FATF scores have a 35 percent weighting in the index, this led to the dramatic increase in Pakistan’s overall risk score.  \n\n### What do the numbers tell us?\n\nOf the 40 Recommendations, the FATF report assessed that Pakistan fully complied with only one, largely complied with nine, partially complied with 26, and missed four parameters. On average, technical compliance is 39 percent. Out of the countries assessed with the latest FATF methodology, only Haiti, Mauritania and Madagascar demonstrate lower results.\n\nThe effectiveness of Pakistan’s AML\u002FCFT measures, which the FATF evaluates according to 11 “immediate outcomes”, is only 3 percent. This low level of effectiveness is depressingly common: Madagascar, Myanmar, Senegal and the Seychelles have achieved the same result.\n\n### Where are the main problems?\n\nThe FATF MER indicates that the principal risk areas of the country are associated with terrorist financing risks. The risks are driven not only by internal weak regulations and supervision in this area, but also by Pakistan’s geographical proximity to Afghanistan and Iran.\n\nAccording to the report: “Corruption, drug trafficking, fraud, tax evasion, smuggling (including currency), human trafficking and organised crimes are major predicate offences to money laundering.” Other issues are the informal economy and use of the informal money transfer system of _hawala_. “Pakistan has made some efforts to close down hawala and hundi operators, but the challenge remains to address issues associated with the informal economy.”\n\nIn addition, Pakistan has not assessed ML\u002FTF risks concerning all legal persons. There is little public information available on key issues such as the number of cooperatives and trusts in the country, including a form of Islamic charitable trust known as [waqf](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWaqf). Financial intelligence is used only minimally to combat ML\u002FTF and the country’s law enforcement efforts to address ML\u002FTF are not commensurate with its risks.\n\n### Consequences of being on the FATF’s grey list\n\nPakistan has been on the FATF list of jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies, known colloquially as the grey list, since June 2018. It was previously listed by the FATF in 2008 and from 2012 to 2015. During the FATF’s [October plenary meeting](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Ffatfgeneral\u002Fdocuments\u002Foutcomes-plenary-october-2019.html) in Paris, the group expressed severe concerns over the overall lack of progress by Pakistan to address its TF risks. The FATF strongly urges Pakistan to complete its full action plan by February 2020. \n\nAccording to the latest FATF assessment, Pakistan's financial system continues to pose a risk to the international financial system because of strategic deficiencies in its ability to prevent terror financing and money laundering.\n\nBeing on the FATF grey list may have a negative impact on the country’s ability to access international lending instruments and decrease its attractiveness for foreign investments. Additionally, international financial institutions may apply enhanced due diligence before doing business with Pakistan and conduct enhanced transaction checks during any relationship.\n\n_Photo by [Nazim Laghari](https:\u002F\u002Funsplash.com\u002F@nazimlaghari?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText) on [Unsplash](https:\u002F\u002Funsplash.com\u002F?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText)._","2019-10-21",[19,20,21],"Anti-Money Laundering","Asset Recovery","Private Sector","aml-risks-in-pakistan-consequences-of-the-latest-fatf-report-1016",[24],"Basel AML Index",1016,[19,27,21],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[24],null,[31,24],"Main page",{"id":33,"storage":34,"filename_disk":35,"filename_download":36,"title":37,"type":38,"created_on":39,"modified_on":39,"charset":29,"filesize":40,"width":41,"height":42,"duration":29,"embed":29,"description":29,"location":29,"tags":29,"metadata":43,"focal_point_x":29,"focal_point_y":29,"tus_id":29,"tus_data":29,"uploaded_on":39},"be4bafe1-8238-4ec0-b219-ad5b0a782b56","local","be4bafe1-8238-4ec0-b219-ad5b0a782b56.webp","nazim-laghari-W4sPCYimFYs-unsplash.webp","Nazim Laghari W4s Pc Yim F Ys Unsplash","image\u002Fwebp","2025-12-08T22:57:45.000Z",228494,2000,1500,{},[45],{"id":46,"news_id":47,"countries_id":63},7444,{"id":10,"status":11,"user_created":48,"date_created":12,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":13,"title":14,"type":15,"body":16,"image":33,"date":17,"topic":50,"slug":22,"activity":51,"nid":25,"topics":52,"activities":53,"programme":29,"area":29,"websites":54,"translation_of":29,"language":29,"countries":55,"tags":56,"authors":58,"images":60,"translations":61,"content":62},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[19,20,21],[24],[19,27,21],[24],[31,24],[46],[57],5924,[59],1253,[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":64,"latitude":65,"longitude":66},"PK",30.37532,69.34512,[68],{"id":57,"news_id":69,"tags_id":81},{"id":10,"status":11,"user_created":48,"date_created":12,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":13,"title":14,"type":15,"body":16,"image":33,"date":17,"topic":70,"slug":22,"activity":71,"nid":25,"topics":72,"activities":73,"programme":29,"area":29,"websites":74,"translation_of":29,"language":29,"countries":75,"tags":76,"authors":77,"images":78,"translations":79,"content":80},[19,20,21],[24],[19,27,21],[24],[31,24],[46],[57],[59],[],[],[],{"id":82,"name":83},818,"Anti-money laundering",[85],{"id":59,"news_id":86,"authors_id":98},{"id":10,"status":11,"user_created":48,"date_created":12,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":13,"title":14,"type":15,"body":16,"image":33,"date":17,"topic":87,"slug":22,"activity":88,"nid":25,"topics":89,"activities":90,"programme":29,"area":29,"websites":91,"translation_of":29,"language":29,"countries":92,"tags":93,"authors":94,"images":95,"translations":96,"content":97},[19,20,21],[24],[19,27,21],[24],[31,24],[46],[57],[59],[],[],[],{"id":99,"name":100,"position":29,"image":101},556,"Dr Kateryna Boguslavska","24433c58-4115-4c6c-b220-142b5a1b135b",[],[],[],1,{"items":107,"total":504},[108,200,391],{"id":109,"status":11,"sort":29,"date_created":110,"date_updated":111,"nid":112,"slug":113,"title":114,"body":115,"citation":116,"language":117,"year":118,"publisher":119,"date_published":120,"external":121,"topic":122,"link_internal":123,"link_external":124,"featured":121,"topics":128,"languages":129,"type":130,"area":29,"programme":29,"websites":29,"summary":29,"pdf_text":29,"main_points":29,"short_version":29,"subtitle":29,"image":132,"countries":142,"tags":160,"pdf":161,"authors":183},2255,"2022-12-15T17:04:14.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:41.000Z",2336,"basel-aml-index-briefing-pakistans-delisting-fatf-grey-list","Basel AML Index briefing: Pakistan's delisting from the FATF grey list","This is a Basel AML Index briefing following the decision of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to delist Pakistan from its list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring (“grey list”) in October 2022. \n\nThe briefing covers the main issues that led to Pakistan being grey-listed in June 2021, the action plan developed to address them, and publicly available data on how it was implemented. \n\n### About jurisdiction briefings\n\nAs part of the FATF assessment process, a jurisdiction may be placed on a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatf-gafi.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fhigh-risk-and-other-monitored-jurisdictions\u002F\">“grey list”\u003C\u002Fa> (subject to increased monitoring) or “black list” (a high-risk jurisdiction subject to a call for action). This follows identified failings in how the jurisdiction addresses its money laundering and terrorist financing risks. Being placed on the FATF’s grey or black lists has a negative impact on a jurisdiction’s investment climate, trade and capital flows.\n\nThe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fexpert-edition\">Basel AML Index Expert Edition dashboard\u003C\u002Fa> highlights a jurisdiction’s placement on the FATF grey or black lists for informational purposes, but these lists are not used when calculating its overall risk score. \n\nAs an additional service, from June 2022 the Basel AML Index therefore started to publish special briefings on jurisdictions delisted from the grey or black lists.\n\nLearn more about the Basel AML Index at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcountry\u002FMT\">index.baselgovernance.org\u003C\u002Fa>","","English",2022,"Basel Institute on Governance","2022-12-15",false,[19],[],[125],{"url":126,"caption":127},"https:\u002F\u002Findex.baselgovernance.org\u002Fdownload"," See all briefings and other Basel AML Index reports",[19],[117],[131],"Report",{"id":133,"storage":34,"filename_disk":134,"filename_download":135,"title":136,"type":137,"created_on":110,"modified_on":110,"charset":29,"filesize":138,"width":139,"height":140,"duration":29,"embed":29,"description":29,"location":29,"tags":29,"metadata":141,"focal_point_x":29,"focal_point_y":29,"tus_id":29,"tus_data":29,"uploaded_on":110},"b8ab3c1f-7a66-4ed3-ab63-0a14c038d8d6","b8ab3c1f-7a66-4ed3-ab63-0a14c038d8d6.jpg?itok=vTQl06d3","Pages-from-221215-December-Pakistan-delisting.jpg?itok=vTQl06d3","Pakistan delisting briefing","image\u002Fjpeg",64714,500,708,{},[143],{"id":144,"publications_id":145,"countries_id":159},1050,{"id":109,"status":11,"sort":29,"user_created":48,"date_created":110,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":111,"nid":112,"slug":113,"image":133,"title":114,"body":115,"citation":116,"language":117,"year":118,"publisher":119,"date_published":120,"external":121,"topic":146,"link_internal":147,"link_external":148,"featured":121,"topics":150,"languages":151,"type":152,"area":29,"programme":29,"websites":29,"summary":29,"pdf_text":29,"main_points":29,"short_version":29,"subtitle":29,"countries":153,"tags":154,"pdf":155,"authors":157},[19],[],[149],{"url":126,"caption":127},[19],[117],[131],[144],[],[156],2297,[158],2476,{"id":6,"name":4,"code":64,"latitude":65,"longitude":66},[],[162],{"id":156,"publications_id":163,"directus_files_id":175},{"id":109,"status":11,"sort":29,"user_created":48,"date_created":110,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":111,"nid":112,"slug":113,"image":133,"title":114,"body":115,"citation":116,"language":117,"year":118,"publisher":119,"date_published":120,"external":121,"topic":164,"link_internal":165,"link_external":166,"featured":121,"topics":168,"languages":169,"type":170,"area":29,"programme":29,"websites":29,"summary":29,"pdf_text":29,"main_points":29,"short_version":29,"subtitle":29,"countries":171,"tags":172,"pdf":173,"authors":174},[19],[],[167],{"url":126,"caption":127},[19],[117],[131],[144],[],[156],[158],{"id":176,"storage":34,"filename_disk":177,"filename_download":178,"title":178,"type":179,"folder":180,"uploaded_by":48,"created_on":110,"modified_by":29,"modified_on":110,"charset":29,"filesize":181,"width":29,"height":29,"duration":29,"embed":29,"description":182,"location":29,"tags":29,"metadata":29,"focal_point_x":29,"focal_point_y":29,"tus_id":29,"tus_data":29,"uploaded_on":110},"efbe159d-78f5-42ad-ada4-f0526d44df64","efbe159d-78f5-42ad-ada4-f0526d44df64.pdf","221215-december-pakistan-delisting.pdf","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5",209454,"Download briefing: Pakistan",[184],{"id":158,"publications_id":185,"authors_id":197},{"id":109,"status":11,"sort":29,"user_created":48,"date_created":110,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":111,"nid":112,"slug":113,"image":133,"title":114,"body":115,"citation":116,"language":117,"year":118,"publisher":119,"date_published":120,"external":121,"topic":186,"link_internal":187,"link_external":188,"featured":121,"topics":190,"languages":191,"type":192,"area":29,"programme":29,"websites":29,"summary":29,"pdf_text":29,"main_points":29,"short_version":29,"subtitle":29,"countries":193,"tags":194,"pdf":195,"authors":196},[19],[],[189],{"url":126,"caption":127},[19],[117],[131],[144],[],[156],[158],{"id":198,"name":199,"position":29,"image":101},301,"Kateryna Boguslavska",{"id":201,"status":11,"sort":29,"date_created":202,"date_updated":203,"nid":204,"slug":205,"title":206,"body":207,"citation":116,"language":117,"year":208,"publisher":209,"date_published":210,"external":211,"topic":212,"link_internal":215,"link_external":216,"featured":121,"topics":220,"languages":221,"type":222,"area":29,"programme":29,"websites":223,"summary":29,"pdf_text":29,"main_points":29,"short_version":29,"subtitle":29,"image":224,"countries":233,"tags":317,"pdf":352,"authors":373},2156,"2022-04-27T11:57:39.000Z","2026-05-23T20:08:09.000Z",1541,"corruption-and-transparency-water-sector","Corruption and Transparency in the Water Sector","This article sets out the experience of Transparency International (TI) in fighting corruption worldwide in the water sector. It focuses on identifying the sources of corruption in the sector and the available toolkits (best practice) for combating it.\n\nCase studies from Cambodia, Japan, Colombia and Pakistan are used to illustrate some of the major points.\n\nThe article highlights the importance of forming inclusive multistakeholder approaches to fight corruption, involving government, regulators, utilities, the private sector and civil society organizations (CSOs) and uses as an example the Water Integrity Network (WIN) - a recent initiative to set up a network to combat corruption in the water sector. \n\nIt appeared as chapter 16 in Llamas, M. R., Martinez-Cortina, L., and Mukherji, A. (eds.) 2009.* \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.taylorfrancis.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fe\u002F9780429206801\">Water Ethics: Marcelino Botin Water Forum 2007\u003C\u002Fa>. *CRC Press.",2009,"CRC Press","2009-01-01",true,[213,214],"Collective Action","Integrity Pacts",[],[217],{"url":218,"caption":219},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.taylorfrancis.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fe\u002F9780429206801"," View book on publisher's website",[213,214],[117],[131],[213],{"id":225,"storage":34,"filename_disk":226,"filename_download":227,"title":228,"type":137,"created_on":202,"modified_on":202,"charset":29,"filesize":229,"width":230,"height":231,"duration":29,"embed":29,"description":29,"location":29,"tags":29,"metadata":232,"focal_point_x":29,"focal_point_y":29,"tus_id":29,"tus_data":29,"uploaded_on":202},"00e49088-3179-41f6-bd22-5871b8ff8ab8","00e49088-3179-41f6-bd22-5871b8ff8ab8.jpg","Pages-from-TI-Corruption-and-Transparency-in-the-Water-Sector-2019.jpg","Pages from TI_Corruption and Transparency in the Water 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