[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":924},["ShallowReactive",2],{"country-mauritius":3,"country-publications-mauritius-1":7,"country-stories-mauritius-1":450,"country-news-mauritius-1":453},{"name":4,"ids":5},"Mauritius",[6],151,{"items":8,"total":449},[9],{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"date_created":13,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":25,"link_internal":29,"link_external":30,"featured":24,"topics":34,"languages":35,"type":36,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"image":39,"countries":51,"tags":389,"pdf":390,"authors":414},2280,"published",null,"2023-05-22T10:04:31.000Z","2026-06-01T22:47:36.000Z",2443,"engaging-private-sector-collective-action-against-corruption-practical-guide-anti","Engaging the private sector in Collective Action against corruption: A practical guide for anti-corruption agencies in Africa","This guidance seeks to capture and explore the innovative approaches that African governments have developed to address the demand and supply sides of corruption more effectively and sustainably. It is designed to help government institutions, in particular national anti-corruption agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nThe document highlights good practices identified through interviews, desk research and a 2021 Southern African Development Community (SADC) training on “Emerging anti-corruption issues and private-sector engagement for SADC anti-corruption agencies”.\n\nAfrica offers many examples of innovative, unique and context-sensitive approaches to engage the private sector in anti-corruption efforts. Ghana’s National Anti-Corruption Action Plan, for instance, offers an award scheme and is looking into providing tax benefits to companies that enforce anti-corruption measures and demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption. Other agencies and governments in the region, such as Morocco, are currently discussing implementing a reward system for compliant companies that can be considered when companies bid for public tenders.\n\nThese examples demonstrate how African governments proactively seek to tackle corruption and collaborate with the private sector.\n\nFrom the initiatives captured, three common strategic approaches can be identified to underpin effective and impactful engagement:\n\n\n- **Raising awareness,** guiding and working with the private sector to more effectively address corruption risks.\n- **Identifying and providing incentives** to companies investing in their compliance programmes.\n- **Demonstrating leadership** by actively participating in Collective Action and public-private partnerships.\n\n\nThis document is a follow-up of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2199\">practical global guide\u003C\u002Fa> published in July 2022 and was produced with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nIt is freely shareable under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance.","","English",2024,"Basel Institute on Governance","2024-11-06",false,[26,27,28],"Collective Action","HLRM","Integrity Pacts",[],[31],{"url":32,"caption":33},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Learn more about Collective Action",[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],"Guidelines","Report",{"id":40,"storage":41,"filename_disk":42,"filename_download":43,"title":44,"type":45,"created_on":46,"modified_on":46,"charset":12,"filesize":47,"width":48,"height":49,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":50,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":46},"4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd","local","4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd.png","Screenshot 2024-11-06 at 12.03.36.png","Screenshot 2024 11 06 at 12.03.36","image\u002Fpng","2024-11-07T09:55:36.000Z",821377,902,1266,{},[52,93,112,131,150,169,186,205,224,243,262,281,294,313,332,351,370],{"id":53,"publications_id":54,"countries_id":87},1069,{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":57,"link_internal":58,"link_external":59,"featured":24,"topics":61,"languages":62,"type":63,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":64,"tags":81,"pdf":82,"authors":84},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[26,27,28],[],[60],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],1070,1071,1072,1073,1074,1075,1076,1077,1078,1079,1080,1081,1082,1083,1084,1085,[],[83],2409,[85,86],2493,2494,{"id":88,"name":89,"code":90,"latitude":91,"longitude":92},135,"Morocco","MA",31.7917,-7.09262,{"id":65,"publications_id":94,"countries_id":106},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":95,"link_internal":96,"link_external":97,"featured":24,"topics":99,"languages":100,"type":101,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":102,"tags":103,"pdf":104,"authors":105},[26,27,28],[],[98],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":107,"name":108,"code":109,"latitude":110,"longitude":111},79,"Ghana","GH",7.94653,-1.02319,{"id":66,"publications_id":113,"countries_id":125},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":114,"link_internal":115,"link_external":116,"featured":24,"topics":118,"languages":119,"type":120,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":121,"tags":122,"pdf":123,"authors":124},[26,27,28],[],[117],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":126,"name":127,"code":128,"latitude":129,"longitude":130},244,"Zambia","ZM",-13.1339,27.84933,{"id":67,"publications_id":132,"countries_id":144},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":133,"link_internal":134,"link_external":135,"featured":24,"topics":137,"languages":138,"type":139,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":140,"tags":141,"pdf":142,"authors":143},[26,27,28],[],[136],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":145,"name":146,"code":147,"latitude":148,"longitude":149},153,"Malawi","MW",-13.25431,34.30152,{"id":68,"publications_id":151,"countries_id":163},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":152,"link_internal":153,"link_external":154,"featured":24,"topics":156,"languages":157,"type":158,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":159,"tags":160,"pdf":161,"authors":162},[26,27,28],[],[155],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":164,"name":165,"code":166,"latitude":167,"longitude":168},73,"Gabon","GA",-0.80369,11.60944,{"id":69,"publications_id":170,"countries_id":182},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":171,"link_internal":172,"link_external":173,"featured":24,"topics":175,"languages":176,"type":177,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":178,"tags":179,"pdf":180,"authors":181},[26,27,28],[],[174],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":183,"latitude":184,"longitude":185},"MU",-20.3484,57.55215,{"id":70,"publications_id":187,"countries_id":199},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":188,"link_internal":189,"link_external":190,"featured":24,"topics":192,"languages":193,"type":194,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":195,"tags":196,"pdf":197,"authors":198},[26,27,28],[],[191],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":200,"name":201,"code":202,"latitude":203,"longitude":204},156,"Mozambique","MZ",-18.66569,35.52956,{"id":71,"publications_id":206,"countries_id":218},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":207,"link_internal":208,"link_external":209,"featured":24,"topics":211,"languages":212,"type":213,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":214,"tags":215,"pdf":216,"authors":217},[26,27,28],[],[210],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":219,"name":220,"code":221,"latitude":222,"longitude":223},243,"South Africa","ZA",-30.55948,22.93751,{"id":72,"publications_id":225,"countries_id":237},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":226,"link_internal":227,"link_external":228,"featured":24,"topics":230,"languages":231,"type":232,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":233,"tags":234,"pdf":235,"authors":236},[26,27,28],[],[229],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":238,"name":239,"code":240,"latitude":241,"longitude":242},113,"Kenya","KE",-0.02356,37.90619,{"id":73,"publications_id":244,"countries_id":256},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":245,"link_internal":246,"link_external":247,"featured":24,"topics":249,"languages":250,"type":251,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":252,"tags":253,"pdf":254,"authors":255},[26,27,28],[],[248],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":257,"name":258,"code":259,"latitude":260,"longitude":261},45,"Cameroon","CM",7.36972,12.35472,{"id":74,"publications_id":263,"countries_id":275},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":264,"link_internal":265,"link_external":266,"featured":24,"topics":268,"languages":269,"type":270,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":271,"tags":272,"pdf":273,"authors":274},[26,27,28],[],[267],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":276,"name":277,"code":278,"latitude":279,"longitude":280},157,"Namibia","NA",-22.95764,18.49041,{"id":75,"publications_id":282,"countries_id":12},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":283,"link_internal":284,"link_external":285,"featured":24,"topics":287,"languages":288,"type":289,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":290,"tags":291,"pdf":292,"authors":293},[26,27,28],[],[286],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":76,"publications_id":295,"countries_id":307},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":296,"link_internal":297,"link_external":298,"featured":24,"topics":300,"languages":301,"type":302,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":303,"tags":304,"pdf":305,"authors":306},[26,27,28],[],[299],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":308,"name":309,"code":310,"latitude":311,"longitude":312},161,"Nigeria","NG",9.082,8.67528,{"id":77,"publications_id":314,"countries_id":326},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":315,"link_internal":316,"link_external":317,"featured":24,"topics":319,"languages":320,"type":321,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":322,"tags":323,"pdf":324,"authors":325},[26,27,28],[],[318],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":327,"name":328,"code":329,"latitude":330,"longitude":331},189,"Rwanda","RW",-1.94028,29.87389,{"id":78,"publications_id":333,"countries_id":345},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":334,"link_internal":335,"link_external":336,"featured":24,"topics":338,"languages":339,"type":340,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":341,"tags":342,"pdf":343,"authors":344},[26,27,28],[],[337],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":346,"name":347,"code":348,"latitude":349,"longitude":350},192,"Seychelles","SC",-4.67957,55.49198,{"id":79,"publications_id":352,"countries_id":364},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":353,"link_internal":354,"link_external":355,"featured":24,"topics":357,"languages":358,"type":359,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":360,"tags":361,"pdf":362,"authors":363},[26,27,28],[],[356],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":365,"name":366,"code":367,"latitude":368,"longitude":369},38,"Democratic Republic of Congo","CD",-4.03833,21.75866,{"id":80,"publications_id":371,"countries_id":383},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":372,"link_internal":373,"link_external":374,"featured":24,"topics":376,"languages":377,"type":378,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":379,"tags":380,"pdf":381,"authors":382},[26,27,28],[],[375],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":384,"name":385,"code":386,"latitude":387,"longitude":388},130,"Lesotho","LS",-29.60999,28.23361,[],[391],{"id":83,"publications_id":392,"directus_files_id":404},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":393,"link_internal":394,"link_external":395,"featured":24,"topics":397,"languages":398,"type":399,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":400,"tags":401,"pdf":402,"authors":403},[26,27,28],[],[396],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":405,"storage":41,"filename_disk":406,"filename_download":407,"title":408,"type":409,"folder":410,"uploaded_by":411,"created_on":412,"modified_by":12,"modified_on":412,"charset":12,"filesize":413,"width":12,"height":12,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":12,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":412},"dd6b2ace-a8a5-4ee2-aab4-10dfcd56b27e","dd6b2ace-a8a5-4ee2-aab4-10dfcd56b27e.pdf","NCPA Paper Edition 2 Update.pdf","Ncpa Paper Edition 2 Update","application\u002Fpdf","67f22e04-d26f-4baa-b91f-acc5f89d87f5","de81a3eb-02df-461e-a0e0-e5db7e35c0fc","2024-11-07T09:55:03.000Z",995965,[415,432],{"id":85,"publications_id":416,"authors_id":428},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":417,"link_internal":418,"link_external":419,"featured":24,"topics":421,"languages":422,"type":423,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":424,"tags":425,"pdf":426,"authors":427},[26,27,28],[],[420],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":429,"name":430,"position":12,"image":431},293,"Scarlet Wannenwetsch","d9d0987f-7bda-4ad1-b9fe-c2704767a025",{"id":86,"publications_id":433,"authors_id":445},{"id":10,"status":11,"sort":12,"user_created":55,"date_created":13,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":14,"nid":15,"slug":16,"image":40,"title":17,"body":18,"citation":19,"language":20,"year":21,"publisher":22,"date_published":23,"external":24,"topic":434,"link_internal":435,"link_external":436,"featured":24,"topics":438,"languages":439,"type":440,"area":12,"programme":12,"websites":12,"summary":12,"pdf_text":12,"main_points":12,"short_version":12,"subtitle":12,"countries":441,"tags":442,"pdf":443,"authors":444},[26,27,28],[],[437],{"url":32,"caption":33},[26,27,28],[20],[37,38],[53,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80],[],[83],[85,86],{"id":446,"name":447,"position":12,"image":448},514,"Liza Young","7fd2ccdd-c55a-4f8c-9870-25a3abad190f",1,{"items":451,"total":452},[],0,{"items":454,"total":923},[455,610,785],{"id":456,"status":11,"date_created":457,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"date":462,"topic":463,"slug":465,"activity":466,"nid":470,"topics":471,"activities":473,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":474,"language":12,"image":476,"translation_of":12,"countries":486,"tags":541,"authors":606,"images":607,"translations":608,"content":609},9586,"2022-05-26T22:52:53.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:44.000Z","Are illicit enrichment laws an underused tool to target corruption? Yes, say practitioners","News","At a Basel Institute-hosted [webinar on illicit enrichment](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002FIE-event) on 30 June 2021, practitioners from Uganda, Kenya and Mauritius agreed that illicit enrichment laws have significant potential to help their countries – and others – target corruption and recover stolen assets. But, they say, significant hurdles still need to be overcome, especially in transnational cases.\n\nIn a nutshell, illicit enrichment laws or unexplained wealth laws allow investigators and prosecutors to recover assets that have clearly not come from lawful sources without having to prove the specific criminal action that gave rise to these proceeds.\n\nAs such, they are particularly useful to target corruption offences, where it is often difficult to point to an obvious victim or to a specific criminal act.\n\nSo why aren’t they being used more often and more widely? Read on.\n\n### About the event\n\nThe panel discussion sought to explore what we can learn from countries that have introduced these types of laws around the world, what States should consider when introducing illicit enrichment legislation, and how to overcome challenges to its effective application.\n\nThe event was also an opportunity to introduce a new open-access book on [_Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fillicit-enrichment-guide-laws-targeting-unexplained-wealth) written by Andrew Dornbierer and published by the Basel Institute in June 2021. Andrew Dornbierer spoke on the panel alongside:\n\n*   Phillip G. Kagucia, Assistant Director, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, Kenya\n*   Paul Keyton and Preeya Raghoonundun, Director and Assistant Director, Integrity Reporting Service Agency, Mauritius\n*   Tom Walugembe, Asset Recovery Specialist, Basel Institute on Governance\n\nJonathan Spicer, Senior Asset Recovery Specialist at the Basel Institute on Governance, moderated the event.\n\nThe virtual event welcomed 140 live attendees. You can [view it on YouTube here](https:\u002F\u002Fyoutu.be\u002FGhi-_8VDxMM) or [listen to the audio recording](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2021-07\u002FIE%20recording%20trimmed.mp3).\n\n### Introducing illicit enrichment\n\nAndrew Dornbierer began by outlining how illicit enrichment can be defined at a broad level as referring to a situation in which:\n\n_“someone has enjoyed an amount of wealth that is not justified by reference to their lawful income.”_\n\nHe explained that an illicit enrichment law is one that targets this situation, and will empower a court to sanction someone for illicit enrichment without needing to see proof of any underlying or separate crime that gave rise to the enrichment.\n\nAndrew further explained that laws targeting illicit enrichment can be in both criminal formats (i.e. in the form of a criminal offence) or civil formats (i.e. as an application process for a civil order for compensation).\n\n### Significant variety across jurisdictions\n\nTom Walugembe, Phillip G. Kagucia, and Preeya Raghoonundun explained the unique formats of the illicit enrichment laws in Uganda, Kenya and Mauritius respectively.\n\nWhile Uganda has implemented a criminal offence for illicit enrichment, contained in the primary anti-corruption law, Kenya and Mauritius have both enacted civil-procedure based laws. Civil actions under Kenya’s law are also outlined in the country’s primary anti-corruption act, but instead take the form of a civil order that can be made by courts to confiscate “unexplained assets”.\n\nIn Mauritius, the civil action can be applied more broadly outside of an anti-corruption context. However, before the court action can be launched by the Integrity Reporting Service Agency, it must first receive approval from an independent board that assesses the strength of a potential case.\n\n### Successes and overcoming hurdles\n\nThe experts explained that while each of the countries has achieved some success in the enforcement of illicit enrichment laws, practitioners still face many hurdles in their efforts.\n\nFor instance in Uganda, capacities regarding financial investigation abilities have hindered the strengths of certain cases. Meanwhile in Kenya, some misunderstandings regarding how the law should be investigated and applied have led to significant delays in the court – though these misunderstandings have been somewhat clarified as court cases have progressed.\n\nIn Mauritius, Paul Keyton explained that the ability of respondents to take advantage of procedural loopholes, without consequences, can add severe delays to proceedings.\n\n### Legal challenges to illicit enrichment\n\nTo provide some further insight into the common legal challenges that illicit enrichment laws often face, Andrew Dornbierer discussed arguments that illicit enrichment laws contravene the presumption of innocence principle. This is a basis for many challenges around the world.\n\nHe explained that while most courts admit that these laws run contrary to this principle, the prevailing view around the world is that this principle is not absolute in nature, and that illicit enrichment laws qualify as an acceptable deviation from this principle for a number of reasons.\n\nTom Walugembe provided further insight on other legal arguments that often arise, specifically that illicit enrichment laws violate property rights as well as the principle against retroactive application, and explained how Ugandan courts have rejected both of these contentions.\n\n### How does illicit enrichment work across borders?\n\nAttendees raised many interesting questions, especially regarding difficulties in freezing assets or obtaining evidence from abroad in the context of illicit enrichment cases.\n\nIn response, Tom Walugembe noted that as many countries in Europe do not have illicit enrichment laws, there are likely to be issues regarding dual criminality that will affect efforts to obtain mutual legal assistance from these countries.\n\nPaul Keyton explained that in Mauritius, value-based provisions in the law may still facilitate asset recovery when it is impossible to confiscate goods from foreign states due to a reluctance in that country to cooperate. \n\n### Learn more\n\n*   See [Andrew Dornbierer’s quick guide to illicit enrichment](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002Fcourse\u002Fview.php?id=28), also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.\n\n*   Learn more about our new book on [_Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth_](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fillicit-enrichment-guide-laws-targeting-unexplained-wealth) by Andrew Dornbierer. Click through to Amazon to purchase a print copy at cost price or visit [illicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org](https:\u002F\u002Fillicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org) to view or download the full book, technical guidance on source and application analysis, and a database of illicit enrichment laws around the world.\n\n*   Read a case study by Tom Walugembe on the landmark [USD 1.25 million illicit enrichment case of Uganda vs. Geoffrey Kazinda](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fuganda-achieves-landmark-victory-usd-125-million-illicit-enrichment-case) in October 2020.","2021-07-02",[464],"Asset Recovery","are-illicit-enrichment-laws-an-underused-tool-to-target-corruption-yes-say-practitioners-2044",[467,468,469],"Events","Insights","Presentations",2044,[472],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[467,468,469],[475],"Main page",{"id":477,"storage":41,"filename_disk":478,"filename_download":479,"title":459,"type":480,"created_on":481,"modified_on":481,"charset":12,"filesize":482,"width":483,"height":484,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":485,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":481},"eb95d5b2-547e-4aa4-9e0c-990bde8fb5ee","eb95d5b2-547e-4aa4-9e0c-990bde8fb5ee.webp","tmp.webp","image\u002Fwebp","2025-05-12T21:18:05.000Z",26706,1400,593,{},[487,508,522],{"id":488,"news_id":489,"countries_id":507},7332,{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":490,"slug":465,"activity":491,"nid":470,"topics":492,"activities":493,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":494,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":495,"tags":498,"authors":503,"images":504,"translations":505,"content":506},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],7333,7334,[499,500,501,502],5140,5803,5804,5805,[],[],[],[],{"id":238,"name":239,"code":240,"latitude":241,"longitude":242},{"id":496,"news_id":509,"countries_id":521},{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":510,"slug":465,"activity":511,"nid":470,"topics":512,"activities":513,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":514,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":515,"tags":516,"authors":517,"images":518,"translations":519,"content":520},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],[499,500,501,502],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":183,"latitude":184,"longitude":185},{"id":497,"news_id":523,"countries_id":535},{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":524,"slug":465,"activity":525,"nid":470,"topics":526,"activities":527,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":528,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":529,"tags":530,"authors":531,"images":532,"translations":533,"content":534},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],[499,500,501,502],[],[],[],[],{"id":536,"name":537,"code":538,"latitude":539,"longitude":540},226,"Uganda","UG",1.37333,32.29028,[542,558,574,590],{"id":499,"news_id":543,"tags_id":555},{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":544,"slug":465,"activity":545,"nid":470,"topics":546,"activities":547,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":548,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":549,"tags":550,"authors":551,"images":552,"translations":553,"content":554},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],[499,500,501,502],[],[],[],[],{"id":556,"name":557},821,"Unexplained wealth",{"id":500,"news_id":559,"tags_id":571},{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":560,"slug":465,"activity":561,"nid":470,"topics":562,"activities":563,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":564,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":565,"tags":566,"authors":567,"images":568,"translations":569,"content":570},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],[499,500,501,502],[],[],[],[],{"id":572,"name":573},1215,"Illicit financial flows",{"id":501,"news_id":575,"tags_id":587},{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":576,"slug":465,"activity":577,"nid":470,"topics":578,"activities":579,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":580,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":581,"tags":582,"authors":583,"images":584,"translations":585,"content":586},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],[499,500,501,502],[],[],[],[],{"id":588,"name":589},843,"Asset recovery",{"id":502,"news_id":591,"tags_id":603},{"id":456,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":457,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":458,"title":459,"type":460,"body":461,"image":477,"date":462,"topic":592,"slug":465,"activity":593,"nid":470,"topics":594,"activities":595,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":596,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":597,"tags":598,"authors":599,"images":600,"translations":601,"content":602},[464],[467,468,469],[472],[467,468,469],[475],[488,496,497],[499,500,501,502],[],[],[],[],{"id":604,"name":605},982,"Anti-corruption",[],[],[],[],{"id":611,"status":11,"date_created":612,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"date":616,"topic":617,"slug":619,"activity":620,"nid":623,"topics":624,"activities":625,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":626,"language":12,"image":627,"translation_of":12,"countries":634,"tags":780,"authors":781,"images":782,"translations":783,"content":784},9647,"2022-05-26T22:53:45.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:47.000Z","Ten-country Advanced Operational Analysis training offers chance to reflect on the effectiveness of AML systems","Twenty anti-corruption investigators and financial intelligence analysts from 10 African countries completed an intensive [Advanced Operational Analysis](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes\u002Fadvanced-operational-analysis) course last week hosted by the [Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.thecaacc.org\u002F) (CAACC).\n\nDelivered online by our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) [training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes), the workshop blended eLearning modules with live video sessions in which the participants worked together to solve a simulated corruption case.\n\n### Enhancing mutual understanding\n\nThe participants came from anti-corruption agencies and Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) in Botswana, South Africa, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Namibia, Mauritius, Zambia and Lesotho.\n\nAs usual in ICAR training programmes, the multi-agency approach helped participants to better understand each other’s needs and roles. FIU analysts were encouraged to tailor their intelligence products to the needs of investigators in law enforcement agencies. In turn, investigators learnt how an FIU operates by taking the [Operational Analysis eLearning module](Enhancing%20mutual%20understanding) and solving the simulated case.\n\nBy the end of the week, participants fully understood the value of breaking silos down, of exchanging information and coordinating their actions, nationally and regionally. \n\n### Reflecting on FATF mutual evaluations\n\nThe training was also an opportunity for the participants to reflect on the lessons learnt from the recent Financial Action Task Force (FATF) evaluations of Mauritius, Zambia and Botswana.\n\nThese three countries have undergone an FATF fourth-round evaluation, which covers the _effectiveness_ of national systems to combat money laundering and terrorist financing and not merely technical compliance with FATF Recommendations. The [Basel AML Index](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fbasel-aml-index), which assesses the risk of money laundering and terrorist financing around the world, has consistently noted that countries typically fall down the rankings when assessed with the new methodology.\n\nThe participants together looked at ways to enhance effectiveness in the use of financial intelligence for money laundering investigations, as well as in investigations, prosecutions and the confiscation of assets.\n\n### Impact and collaboration\n\nThis impact-driven training aimed to provide participants with skills that are directly applicable in their daily work. We were happy to receive participants’ comments including “it touched on similarities of the case I am currently investigating” and “the financial analysis will improve the presentation of my case”. One participant commented that the training will “help me in investigating suspicious transaction reports that I recently received”.\n\nThe Basel Institute has a long-standing relationship with the Botswana-based CAACC and has conducted previous workshops in 2017 and 2020. See our article about the [2020 workshop on Financial Investigations and Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fbuilding-bridges-anti-corruption-cooperation-africa) for more information about the CAACC and our fruitful collaboration.\n\n### ICAR training in multiple languages\n\nTo find out more about ICAR training programmes, please download our latest brochure in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese:\n\n*   [English: Training programmes – Financial investigations and asset recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-11\u002FICAR%20training%20brochure%20Nov%202020.pdf)\n*   [Español: Programas de capacitación – Investigaciones financieras y recuperación de activos](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-12\u002F201208_icar-trainings-spanish.pdf)\n*   [Français : Programmes de formation – Enquêtes financières et recouvrement d’avoirs](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-12\u002F201208_icar-trainings-french.pdf)\n*   [Português: Programas de formação – Investigações financeiras e recuperação de activos](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2020-12\u002F201208_icar-trainings-portugese.pdf)","2020-12-08",[618,464],"Anti-Money Laundering","ten-country-advanced-operational-analysis-training-offers-chance-to-reflect-on-the-effectiveness-of-aml-systems-1937",[621,622],"Training","eLearning",1937,[618,472],[621,622],[475],{"id":628,"storage":41,"filename_disk":629,"filename_download":479,"title":614,"type":480,"created_on":630,"modified_on":630,"charset":12,"filesize":631,"width":483,"height":632,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":633,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":630},"f9578a9e-8360-48f7-983d-5a9df0281030","f9578a9e-8360-48f7-983d-5a9df0281030.webp","2025-05-12T21:19:07.000Z",46068,810,{},[635,663,677,691,705,719,733,752,766],{"id":636,"news_id":637,"countries_id":657},7368,{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":638,"slug":619,"activity":639,"nid":623,"topics":640,"activities":641,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":642,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":643,"tags":652,"authors":653,"images":654,"translations":655,"content":656},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],7369,7370,7371,7372,7373,7374,7375,7376,[],[],[],[],[],{"id":658,"name":659,"code":660,"latitude":661,"longitude":662},33,"Botswana","BW",-22.32847,24.68487,{"id":644,"news_id":664,"countries_id":676},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":665,"slug":619,"activity":666,"nid":623,"topics":667,"activities":668,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":669,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":670,"tags":671,"authors":672,"images":673,"translations":674,"content":675},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":238,"name":239,"code":240,"latitude":241,"longitude":242},{"id":645,"news_id":678,"countries_id":690},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":679,"slug":619,"activity":680,"nid":623,"topics":681,"activities":682,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":683,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":684,"tags":685,"authors":686,"images":687,"translations":688,"content":689},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":384,"name":385,"code":386,"latitude":387,"longitude":388},{"id":646,"news_id":692,"countries_id":704},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":693,"slug":619,"activity":694,"nid":623,"topics":695,"activities":696,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":697,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":698,"tags":699,"authors":700,"images":701,"translations":702,"content":703},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":183,"latitude":184,"longitude":185},{"id":647,"news_id":706,"countries_id":718},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":707,"slug":619,"activity":708,"nid":623,"topics":709,"activities":710,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":711,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":712,"tags":713,"authors":714,"images":715,"translations":716,"content":717},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":276,"name":277,"code":278,"latitude":279,"longitude":280},{"id":648,"news_id":720,"countries_id":732},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":721,"slug":619,"activity":722,"nid":623,"topics":723,"activities":724,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":725,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":726,"tags":727,"authors":728,"images":729,"translations":730,"content":731},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":308,"name":309,"code":310,"latitude":311,"longitude":312},{"id":649,"news_id":734,"countries_id":746},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":735,"slug":619,"activity":736,"nid":623,"topics":737,"activities":738,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":739,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":740,"tags":741,"authors":742,"images":743,"translations":744,"content":745},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":747,"name":748,"code":749,"latitude":750,"longitude":751},200,"Sierra Leone","SL",8.46055,-11.77989,{"id":650,"news_id":753,"countries_id":765},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":754,"slug":619,"activity":755,"nid":623,"topics":756,"activities":757,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":758,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":759,"tags":760,"authors":761,"images":762,"translations":763,"content":764},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":219,"name":220,"code":221,"latitude":222,"longitude":223},{"id":651,"news_id":767,"countries_id":779},{"id":611,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":612,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":613,"title":614,"type":460,"body":615,"image":628,"date":616,"topic":768,"slug":619,"activity":769,"nid":623,"topics":770,"activities":771,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":772,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":773,"tags":774,"authors":775,"images":776,"translations":777,"content":778},[618,464],[621,622],[618,472],[621,622],[475],[636,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":126,"name":127,"code":128,"latitude":129,"longitude":130},[],[],[],[],[],{"id":786,"status":11,"date_created":787,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"date":791,"topic":792,"slug":793,"activity":794,"nid":796,"topics":797,"activities":798,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":799,"language":12,"image":800,"translation_of":12,"countries":807,"tags":918,"authors":919,"images":920,"translations":921,"content":922},10004,"2022-05-26T22:58:14.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:07.000Z","Regional training workshop for the Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre","A regional training workshop for the Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre has highlighted the importance of cross-border co-operation in solving corruption and asset recovery cases.\n\nDuring August 2017, experts from the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) conducted a regional training workshop in Botswana in collaboration with the Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre (CAACC) for 35 investigators and legal officers of Anti-Corruption Agencies in eight Commonwealth African countries: Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Kenya, Mauritius, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zambia. The regional training initiative was co-financed by the African Development Bank, CAACC and the Basel Institute on Governance.\n\nThe workshop aimed at providing a platform for inter-agency networking across regional borders as participants were divided into seven groups and encouraged to interact with one another in the interest of improving regional co-ordination and co-operation.\n\nJudge Lot Moroka of Botswana attended the final day of the workshop when the participants presented their findings in respect of the simulated financial investigation, which they were required to “investigate”. During his subsequent presentation on a “_Regional perspective of the problems and challenges posed by the investigation and prosecution of corruption cases_”, he also commented on these presentations, reinforcing the importance of addressing the elements of the offences charged. He congratulated the ICAR experts on the manner in which they had facilitated the training as it clearly allowed the participants to match relevant evidence to the elements. Corruption cases are lost because there is a failure at a procedural level to follow rules of evidence and procedure, and, at a substantive evidentiary level, to provide adequate evidence to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.","2017-09-04",[464],"regional-training-workshop-for-the-commonwealth-africa-anti-corruption-centre-111",[621,795],"International cooperation",111,[472],[621,795],[475],{"id":801,"storage":41,"filename_disk":802,"filename_download":479,"title":789,"type":480,"created_on":803,"modified_on":803,"charset":12,"filesize":804,"width":483,"height":805,"duration":12,"embed":12,"description":12,"location":12,"tags":12,"metadata":806,"focal_point_x":12,"focal_point_y":12,"tus_id":12,"tus_data":12,"uploaded_on":803},"271a715f-6cdd-4f2c-a1b7-c2250fb7df75","271a715f-6cdd-4f2c-a1b7-c2250fb7df75.webp","2025-05-12T21:24:24.000Z",40242,736,{},[808,829,843,857,871,885,904],{"id":809,"news_id":810,"countries_id":828},7570,{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":811,"slug":793,"activity":812,"nid":796,"topics":813,"activities":814,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":815,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":816,"tags":823,"authors":824,"images":825,"translations":826,"content":827},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],7571,7572,7573,7574,7575,7576,[],[],[],[],[],{"id":658,"name":659,"code":660,"latitude":661,"longitude":662},{"id":817,"news_id":830,"countries_id":842},{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":831,"slug":793,"activity":832,"nid":796,"topics":833,"activities":834,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":835,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":836,"tags":837,"authors":838,"images":839,"translations":840,"content":841},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":107,"name":108,"code":109,"latitude":110,"longitude":111},{"id":818,"news_id":844,"countries_id":856},{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":845,"slug":793,"activity":846,"nid":796,"topics":847,"activities":848,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":849,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":850,"tags":851,"authors":852,"images":853,"translations":854,"content":855},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":238,"name":239,"code":240,"latitude":241,"longitude":242},{"id":819,"news_id":858,"countries_id":870},{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":859,"slug":793,"activity":860,"nid":796,"topics":861,"activities":862,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":863,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":864,"tags":865,"authors":866,"images":867,"translations":868,"content":869},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":384,"name":385,"code":386,"latitude":387,"longitude":388},{"id":820,"news_id":872,"countries_id":884},{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":873,"slug":793,"activity":874,"nid":796,"topics":875,"activities":876,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":877,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":878,"tags":879,"authors":880,"images":881,"translations":882,"content":883},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":183,"latitude":184,"longitude":185},{"id":821,"news_id":886,"countries_id":898},{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":887,"slug":793,"activity":888,"nid":796,"topics":889,"activities":890,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":891,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":892,"tags":893,"authors":894,"images":895,"translations":896,"content":897},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":899,"name":900,"code":901,"latitude":902,"longitude":903},224,"Tanzania","TZ",-6.36903,34.88882,{"id":822,"news_id":905,"countries_id":917},{"id":786,"status":11,"user_created":55,"date_created":787,"user_updated":56,"date_updated":788,"title":789,"type":19,"body":790,"image":801,"date":791,"topic":906,"slug":793,"activity":907,"nid":796,"topics":908,"activities":909,"programme":12,"area":12,"websites":910,"translation_of":12,"language":12,"countries":911,"tags":912,"authors":913,"images":914,"translations":915,"content":916},[464],[621,795],[472],[621,795],[475],[809,817,818,819,820,821,822],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":126,"name":127,"code":128,"latitude":129,"longitude":130},[],[],[],[],[],3,1780676684986]