[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1533},["ShallowReactive",2],{"country-kenya":3,"country-stories-kenya-1":7,"country-news-kenya-1":10,"country-publications-kenya-1":529},{"name":4,"ids":5},"Kenya",[6],113,{"items":8,"total":9},[],0,{"items":11,"total":528},[12,88,190,363,405],{"id":13,"status":14,"date_created":15,"date_updated":16,"title":17,"type":18,"body":19,"date":20,"topic":21,"slug":23,"activity":24,"nid":27,"topics":28,"activities":30,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":32,"language":31,"image":34,"translation_of":31,"countries":44,"tags":66,"authors":67,"images":85,"translations":86,"content":87},10357,"published","2023-03-31T16:01:28.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:25.000Z","Q&A: Monitoring corruption cases in Kenyan courts","Blog","_A Q&A with Mary Muthoni, who led a novel court monitoring project of our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) in Kenya during 2022._ _The aim was to identify reasons for delays in major corruption trials, as a basis for developing reforms to streamline and speed up the court process. The Court Users Committee has been highly receptive to the findings, which the team presented in March 2023._\n\n### Why monitor corruption cases in court – in Kenya or elsewhere?\n\nCorruption is a crime with a huge negative impact on society. Those who abuse public office and steal public funds should feel the full force of the justice system. Yet all too often, the adjudication processes drag on for years.\n\nCourt monitoring can be a powerful tool to stimulate improvements in the justice system and help bring an end to impunity for the corrupt.\n\nCourt monitoring for corruption cases can identify systemic challenges in adjudicating such cases and provide targeted recommendations to address them. In the longer term, court monitoring can also be the basis for bringing stakeholders together to jointly develop important legislative and procedural reforms.\n\n### How did you approach the court monitoring project?\n\nThe purpose of a court monitoring activity depends on the specific issue one wants to address. In this instance, our objective was to understand what causes delays in adjudicating corruption cases.\n\nOpen-source materials already indicated challenges in concluding corruption cases. But there was no specific data to back this up. When designing our project, we took into account realities on the ground that could lead to these delays, like IT hitches and inadequate case or diary management procedures. Some cases are also just really complex, involving multiple proceedings both at the lower court and high court.\n\nWith limited resources and time, we sampled a variety of cases based on points like the amount of funds involved, the number of accused persons and their profiles, the specific charges and the use of plea bargaining. To measure delays, we looked not only at adjournments but also at the length of time needed for different phases of a case, the number of witnesses and the number of accused individuals.\n\nWe also kept in mind the Judiciary’s performance indicators, policies and frameworks, so that our final recommendations would fit those frameworks.\n\n### What role did the multi-stakeholder Court Users Committee play?\n\nMembers of the Court Users Committee were our main stakeholders in this activity. The Court Users Committee is a forum to improve stakeholder engagement and promote effective and coordinated justice sector partnerships. Similar models exist in other jurisdictions including the UK, Uganda and Somalia.\n\nIn the Kenyan context, the anti-corruption Court Users Committee brings different actors together to share concerns, best practices, activities and actions required for a smoother adjudication process for corruption cases. Among others, the Committee includes representatives from the Anti-Corruption Courts, the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission and the Law Society of Kenya.\n\nThe Court Users Committee members were highly receptive of our findings. The report has given them a solid basis to discuss their concerns about delays in corruption cases in depth and try to implement recommendations that are within their powers.\n\n### What kind of data and statistics did you seek to capture, and how?\n\nAs I explained in my [quick guide to court monitoring](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-27-court-monitoring), before capturing data you need to be clear about what your objective is and what type of court monitoring you are doing.\n\nIn our case, looking at delays meant looking at what factors play a role in promoting these delays.\n\n*   Some factors can be inferred from open-access reports published by the Judiciary or other government institutions.\n*   Case files indicate the number of times a case did not proceed, alongside variables like the type of documentation filed and whether it is relevant to the case or not. These variables are harder to quantify but are important to record as they contribute significantly to delays.\n*   Attending court proceedings provides valuable additional insights that you can’t get from paperwork.\n\n### What best practices and recommendations did the court monitoring highlight?\n\nAmong the best practices we noted was the Judiciary providing directions on how the case will progress. For example, the court may provide timelines for serving documents, or directions on whether an application will be heard orally or through written submissions. We also highlighted the use of sanctions in cases where a litigant continuously delays the process, and prompt rulings on each objection raised.\n\nOur recommendations included a significant focus on case management – especially on the type of documentation and witnesses, and more generally the discovery and pre-trial processes. For example, we encourage dealing swiftly with matters on which parties agree in order to focus more efficiently on contentious (disputed) issues.\n\nBetter coordination with the judiciary’s planning department could reduce the number of vacated trials and therefore overall timelines.\n\nThe court monitoring also provided evidence to support investments in technology and in training for younger lawyers, to reduce the number of ineffective trials.\n\n### The bottom line?\n\nCourt delays cost time and money, and can give the impression that justice is not being done. Kenya has the foundations in place for an efficient adjudication process of corruption cases and many dedicated prosecutors, judges and court staff.\n\nEfficient coordination among the relevant agencies and the Bar will be crucial in applying the recommendations to reduce unnecessary delays. Ideally, this will be a process of continuous improvement – monitoring the effectiveness of measures and finding new opportunities to speed up the process and bring the corrupt more quickly to justice.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   Read Mary Muthoni’s [quick guide to court monitoring](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fquick-guide-27-court-monitoring).\n*   The court monitoring project was funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) as part of a long-running programme of support to Kenya’s anti-corruption efforts. The UK is also core donor to the [International Centre for Asset Recovery.](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery)","2023-03-31",[22],"Asset Recovery","qampa-monitoring-corruption-cases-in-kenyan-courts-2426",[25,26],"Research","Reports",2426,[29],"Asset Recovery and Enforcement",[25,26],null,[33],"Main page",{"id":35,"storage":36,"filename_disk":37,"filename_download":38,"title":39,"type":40,"created_on":15,"modified_on":15,"charset":31,"filesize":41,"width":42,"height":43,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":31,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":15},"3fba3403-1a80-477a-9b11-be30a72e21ca","local","3fba3403-1a80-477a-9b11-be30a72e21ca.webp","tmp.webp","Q&A: Monitoring corruption cases in Kenyan courts","image\u002Fwebp",31114,800,543,[45],{"id":46,"news_id":47,"countries_id":62},6924,{"id":13,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":15,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":16,"title":17,"type":18,"body":19,"image":35,"date":20,"topic":50,"slug":23,"activity":51,"nid":27,"topics":52,"activities":53,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":54,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":55,"tags":56,"authors":57,"images":59,"translations":60,"content":61},"03bebfd8-0b40-4a2a-820d-b9d9c13b9de6","3d9ff205-1640-4f34-b5b6-86977f51bbd6",[22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[46],[],[58],998,[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":63,"latitude":64,"longitude":65},"KE",-0.02356,37.90619,[],[68],{"id":58,"news_id":69,"authors_id":81},{"id":13,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":15,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":16,"title":17,"type":18,"body":19,"image":35,"date":20,"topic":70,"slug":23,"activity":71,"nid":27,"topics":72,"activities":73,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":74,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":75,"tags":76,"authors":77,"images":78,"translations":79,"content":80},[22],[25,26],[29],[25,26],[33],[46],[],[58],[],[],[],{"id":82,"name":83,"position":31,"image":84},503,"Mary Muthoni","32ff35a5-4f20-4283-9ae1-9f461f3ba3c9",[],[],[],{"id":89,"status":14,"date_created":90,"date_updated":91,"title":92,"type":93,"body":94,"date":95,"topic":96,"slug":97,"activity":98,"nid":100,"topics":101,"activities":102,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":103,"language":31,"image":104,"translation_of":31,"countries":112,"tags":169,"authors":186,"images":187,"translations":188,"content":189},10297,"2022-08-14T19:46:07.000Z","2026-05-29T22:22:23.000Z","Zambia hosts first ICAR training programme on non-conviction based forfeiture ","News","Anti-corruption and asset recovery specialists in Kenya, Sierra Leone and Zambia have taken an important step forward in developing their ability to recover the proceeds of financial and other serious crime.\n\nTwenty-five officers from the three countries came together in Zambia during 25–29 July 2022 for the first ever delivery of a new International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) training programme on non-conviction based forfeiture (NCBF). Developed and delivered by our ICAR [training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes), the intensive programme gave participants the practical knowledge and skills needed to recover criminal assets using NBCF legislation in their respective countries.\n\nGilbert Phiri, Director General of the Zambian Anti-Corruption Commission, summed up the importance of NBCF legislation and its effective application in a welcome speech read on his behalf by the Secretary to the Commission, Ivor Mukwanka.\n\nMr Phiri noted that the criminal justice system the world over is placing greater emphasis on the recovery of ill-gotten wealth, in order to deprive criminals of the opportunity to enjoy the proceeds of their crime. NCBF is an important option to pursue when there are challenges in obtaining a criminal conviction, he said. It brings many benefits in addition to the return of forfeited assets to the state, including reduced costs and more efficient processing of cases by the courts.\n\nA simulated case with real-world application\n--------------------------------------------\n\nThe new NCBF course follows the winning formula of ICAR training programmes: participants learn key principles and techniques in short knowledge sessions, then apply them straight away in a simulated case.\n\nThe participants worked together in small “task forces” to trace, identify and forfeit the proceeds and instrumentalities of crime in the simulated case, which had been tailored to meet local legislation. The challenge here is the differences in legal provisions and approaches between countries. The training was a chance to examine those differences and understand better how to co-operate across international borders.\n\nOne participant commented on how the training opened up exciting new avenues for the recovery of criminal assets:\n\n> Understanding the procedural aspects and phases of NBCF will help me in my investigations: instead of just focusing on the criminal route, I will be able to target the proceeds of crime and probably have them forfeited even in the absence of a criminal conviction.\n\nAnother mentioned\n\n> …the fact that NBCF proceedings can be commenced at any point – before, during or after criminal investigations. I will therefore re-look at all my cases, including those that have already been disposed by the courts, for the possibility of applying for NBCF of the assets.\n\nPartnership with Zambia’s Drug Enforcement Commission\n-----------------------------------------------------\n\nDuring the week, the Basel Institute on Governance (represented by Senior Investigation Specialist and regional Coordinator Simon Marsh) and Zambian Drug Enforcement Commission (DEC, represented by its Deputy Director General Ms Ronnet Chanda) [signed a memorandum of understanding](http:\u002F\u002Fyoutu.be\u002Fj0c1wQU7XlY) covering long-term collaboration on building capacity to recover illicit assets. \n\nIn a speech at the end of the training workshop, Ms Chanda highlighted the need for officers of the participating agencies to continuously build skills to\n\n> stay abreast of global changing trends.\n\nMs Chanda also emphasised the opportunity for sustained cooperation between the three countries, expanding on the\n\n> synergies we have built amongst ourselves… let us continue to exchange information on best practices.\n\nWorking alongside members of the DEC were investigators and prosecutors from Zambia’s Asset Forfeiture Unit and Anti-Corruption Commission, Kenya’s Assets Recovery Agency and Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, and Sierra Leone’s Anti-Corruption Commission.\n\nMore\n----\n\n*   The training is part of an ambitious [project](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F2022-05\u002FICAR-INL-info-sheet.pdf) to help increase the capacity of countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa to recover stolen assets through effective, appropriate NCBF legislation. Ten partner countries are involved in the two-year project, which is funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) of the US Department of State.\n*   Learn about [the 2.5-day workshop](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Frecovering-illicit-assets-sub-saharan-africa-regional-workshop-non-conviction-based-forfeiture) in 2021, attended by representatives of the three countries under the same project.\n*   Learn more about the [ICAR training team](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes) and download the latest brochure in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French.","2022-08-03",[22],"zambia-hosts-first-icar-training-programme-on-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-2264",[99],"Training",2264,[29],[99],[33],{"id":105,"storage":36,"filename_disk":106,"filename_download":38,"title":92,"type":40,"created_on":107,"modified_on":107,"charset":31,"filesize":108,"width":109,"height":110,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":111,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":107},"8c71fb58-e59a-4a35-a302-1301419ef2d3","8c71fb58-e59a-4a35-a302-1301419ef2d3.webp","2025-05-12T21:16:22.000Z",59914,1400,900,{},[113,131,150],{"id":114,"news_id":115,"countries_id":130},7223,{"id":89,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":90,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":91,"title":92,"type":93,"body":94,"image":105,"date":95,"topic":116,"slug":97,"activity":117,"nid":100,"topics":118,"activities":119,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":120,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":121,"tags":124,"authors":126,"images":127,"translations":128,"content":129},[22],[99],[29],[99],[33],[114,122,123],7224,7225,[125],5731,[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":63,"latitude":64,"longitude":65},{"id":122,"news_id":132,"countries_id":144},{"id":89,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":90,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":91,"title":92,"type":93,"body":94,"image":105,"date":95,"topic":133,"slug":97,"activity":134,"nid":100,"topics":135,"activities":136,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":137,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":138,"tags":139,"authors":140,"images":141,"translations":142,"content":143},[22],[99],[29],[99],[33],[114,122,123],[125],[],[],[],[],{"id":145,"name":146,"code":147,"latitude":148,"longitude":149},200,"Sierra Leone","SL",8.46055,-11.77989,{"id":123,"news_id":151,"countries_id":163},{"id":89,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":90,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":91,"title":92,"type":93,"body":94,"image":105,"date":95,"topic":152,"slug":97,"activity":153,"nid":100,"topics":154,"activities":155,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":156,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":157,"tags":158,"authors":159,"images":160,"translations":161,"content":162},[22],[99],[29],[99],[33],[114,122,123],[125],[],[],[],[],{"id":164,"name":165,"code":166,"latitude":167,"longitude":168},244,"Zambia","ZM",-13.1339,27.84933,[170],{"id":125,"news_id":171,"tags_id":183},{"id":89,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":90,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":91,"title":92,"type":93,"body":94,"image":105,"date":95,"topic":172,"slug":97,"activity":173,"nid":100,"topics":174,"activities":175,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":176,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":177,"tags":178,"authors":179,"images":180,"translations":181,"content":182},[22],[99],[29],[99],[33],[114,122,123],[125],[],[],[],[],{"id":184,"name":185},1379,"Non-conviction based forfeiture",[],[],[],[],{"id":191,"status":14,"date_created":192,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"date":196,"topic":197,"slug":198,"activity":199,"nid":201,"topics":202,"activities":203,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":204,"language":31,"image":205,"translation_of":31,"countries":212,"tags":325,"authors":342,"images":360,"translations":361,"content":362},9514,"2022-05-26T22:51:48.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:38.000Z","Smarter use of confiscated assets would multiply their impact","Within days of Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine, Western governments imposed unprecedented economic sanctions against the Russian state and certain Russian oligarchs. They are now working to identify and freeze assets linked to sanctioned individuals and entities – a magnificent challenge in itself.\n\nExpectations are already skyrocketing as regards the potential of confiscating these assets, and politicians make strong statements about how they should ultimately be used. This has put a political spotlight on a debate that has long been on the agenda of asset recovery discussions: how should recovered assets be utilised?\n\nThis is not only a legal but at least as much a political issue, because international treaties are not specific in this regard. The public are often cynical when faced with claims of recovered assets which are allocated to the general budget with little or no oversight. Sometimes, the speculation is that the same recovered assets have been diverted for the benefit of individuals rather than the collective good.\n\nRecognising this risk and the public expectation, countries that return or receive recovered assets have tried various schemes over the years to safeguard and maximise their use. None of these discussions has been plain sailing, also because each case of asset repatriation is very different – legally, technically and politically.\n\nIn countries that we support through our [International Centre for Asset Recovery](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery), there have been some really interesting and innovative initiatives to utilise assets:\n\n### For pandemic-struck hospitals\n\nIn Kenya, as pandemic-related pressure mounted on the country’s health system, the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission [handed over 20 billion Kenyan shillings](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fkenya-usd-271-million-stolen-assets-recovered-and-fast-upward-trend) (approximately USD 18 million at the time) to the Ministry of Health to equip the countries’ hospitals with equipment. Formally handed over at a ceremony to which the media were invited, the money came directly from confiscated proceeds of corruption.\n\nSo in this case, the recovered assets were not only put to good use in the fight against Covid-19. The action also helped to demonstrate how corruption hurts citizens, and in turn how recovering stolen assets can benefit citizens – and to right a wrong of which Kenyan citizens have been the victims.\n\n### For student bursaries\n\nThe Kenyan example triggered a great deal of interest in the region in how recovered proceeds of corruption could be tangibly and visibly utilised. Next, in February 2022, the Zambia Anti-Corruption Commission publicly [handed over](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lusakatimes.com\u002F2022\u002F02\u002F23\u002Fanti-corruption-commission-officially-hands-over-recovered-proceeds-from-crime\u002F) USD 57,000 USD and 65.3 million kwacha (approximately USD 3.6 million) of recovered funds to the Ministry of Education. Both the Minister and the President committed to utilising these funds for bursaries to enable under-privileged students to complete university education. Here, too, citizens who are the primary victims of corruption are the ones to feel the direct benefit of asset recovery.\n\n### To strengthen criminal justice institutions\n\nInternationally recovered proceeds of corruption have been used in similarly positive ways. An interesting example comes from Peru, which in 2020 signed a [tripartite agreement](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fit-takes-three-tango-switzerland-luxembourg-and-peru-sign-agreement-return-usd-26-million) with Switzerland and Luxembourg in relation to around USD 26 million in repatriated assets that had been stolen through corruption under the regime of former President Fujimori.\n\nUnder this agreement, these assets are now being used to strengthen the country’s criminal justice and asset recovery institutions. Peru’s proposal to use the funds in this way goes straight to the core of the problem – corruption – and will help [multiply the impact](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fopinion-return-stolen-assets-requires-innovative-thinking-dialogue-and-collaboration) of the returned funds. The agreement also contains provisions that will ensure transparency and accountability in the use of the funds.\n\n### For intensive care units and Covid-19 relief\n\nAnother interesting example is the asset-sharing agreement signed in March 2022 between Kenya and the Bailiwick of Jersey to repatriate GBP 3 million to Kenya. This was the culmination of a multi-year investigation and prosecution which led to the confiscation of funds from a Jersey-registered company, Windward Trading.\n\nIt was the Windward Trading case that had originally triggered the development of the Framework for the Recovery of Funds from Crime and Corruption in Kenya ([FRACCK](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Ffracck-agreement-kenya-illustrates-partnership-essential-when-disposal-confiscated-assets)), which was signed by the Governments of Kenya, Jersey, Switzerland and the UK in 2018. The purpose of the agreement is to streamline the repatriation of funds to Kenya and to ensure that they will be utilised in line with national development priorities. The agreement also provides for the monitoring and evaluation of the use of returned funds.\n\nIn this first utilisation, under the Kenya–Jersey agreement, the recovered assets are to be used to acquire medical equipment for intensive care units and to assist families adversely affected by the pandemic. Similar to the Covid-19 use of domestically repatriated funds, citizens will be able to experience the direct impact of successful anti-corruption enforcement.\n\n### Considering the causes, consequences and victims of corruption\n\nThere are other examples where recovered assets have been used in innovative and interesting ways, and more in the pipeline. What these examples all have in common is that careful consideration was given to either the root cause of corruption (Peru) or to the harm caused by corruption and their victims (Kenya, Zambia).\n\nThe international cases (Peru and Kenya) have also benefited greatly for a collaborative attitude of both requesting and requested states.\n\nThe recovery of stolen assets is of course about the money. But just as much it is about what we sometimes refer to as the [“soft assets”.](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fworking-paper-29-recovering-assets-support-sdgs-soft-hard-assets-development) Namely, that citizens benefit from the enforcement action and the original negative impact of corruption is at least somewhat countered. In time, the rule of law, trust in government and effective public services are restored.\n\nThe above examples provide some food for thought for countries grappling with the question of how best to employ recovered proceeds of corruption and other crimes. The answers they come up with may be different, but what’s important is that all sides – including citizens – get the clear sense that something good came out of the bad.","2022-05-12",[22],"smarter-use-of-confiscated-assets-would-multiply-their-impact-2217",[200],"Insights",2217,[29],[200],[33],{"id":206,"storage":36,"filename_disk":207,"filename_download":38,"title":194,"type":40,"created_on":208,"modified_on":208,"charset":31,"filesize":209,"width":109,"height":210,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":211,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":208},"6208a0cc-9ed4-4714-95f3-68eb55809e5b","6208a0cc-9ed4-4714-95f3-68eb55809e5b.webp","2025-05-12T21:16:46.000Z",73910,933,{},[213,240,259,273,292,311],{"id":214,"news_id":215,"countries_id":234},7259,{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":216,"slug":198,"activity":217,"nid":201,"topics":218,"activities":219,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":220,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":221,"tags":227,"authors":229,"images":231,"translations":232,"content":233},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],7260,7261,7262,7263,7264,[228],5748,[230],1168,[],[],[],{"id":235,"name":236,"code":237,"latitude":238,"longitude":239},41,"Switzerland","CH",46.81819,8.22751,{"id":222,"news_id":241,"countries_id":253},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":242,"slug":198,"activity":243,"nid":201,"topics":244,"activities":245,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":246,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":247,"tags":248,"authors":249,"images":250,"translations":251,"content":252},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":254,"name":255,"code":256,"latitude":257,"longitude":258},109,"Jersey","JE",49.21444,-2.13125,{"id":223,"news_id":260,"countries_id":272},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":261,"slug":198,"activity":262,"nid":201,"topics":263,"activities":264,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":265,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":266,"tags":267,"authors":268,"images":269,"translations":270,"content":271},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":63,"latitude":64,"longitude":65},{"id":224,"news_id":274,"countries_id":286},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":275,"slug":198,"activity":276,"nid":201,"topics":277,"activities":278,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":279,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":280,"tags":281,"authors":282,"images":283,"translations":284,"content":285},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":287,"name":288,"code":289,"latitude":290,"longitude":291},132,"Luxembourg","LU",49.81527,6.12958,{"id":225,"news_id":293,"countries_id":305},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":294,"slug":198,"activity":295,"nid":201,"topics":296,"activities":297,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":298,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":299,"tags":300,"authors":301,"images":302,"translations":303,"content":304},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":306,"name":307,"code":308,"latitude":309,"longitude":310},171,"Peru","PE",-9.18997,-75.01515,{"id":226,"news_id":312,"countries_id":324},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":313,"slug":198,"activity":314,"nid":201,"topics":315,"activities":316,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":317,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":318,"tags":319,"authors":320,"images":321,"translations":322,"content":323},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":164,"name":165,"code":166,"latitude":167,"longitude":168},[326],{"id":228,"news_id":327,"tags_id":339},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":328,"slug":198,"activity":329,"nid":201,"topics":330,"activities":331,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":332,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":333,"tags":334,"authors":335,"images":336,"translations":337,"content":338},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":340,"name":341},843,"Asset recovery",[343],{"id":230,"news_id":344,"authors_id":356},{"id":191,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":192,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":193,"title":194,"type":18,"body":195,"image":206,"date":196,"topic":345,"slug":198,"activity":346,"nid":201,"topics":347,"activities":348,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":349,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":350,"tags":351,"authors":352,"images":353,"translations":354,"content":355},[22],[200],[29],[200],[33],[214,222,223,224,225,226],[228],[230],[],[],[],{"id":357,"name":358,"position":31,"image":359},327,"Simon Marsh","de8ea9ba-93fa-48c0-bd4c-0955dbe0e179",[],[],[],{"id":364,"status":14,"date_created":365,"date_updated":366,"title":367,"type":93,"body":368,"date":369,"topic":370,"slug":371,"activity":372,"nid":373,"topics":374,"activities":375,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":376,"language":31,"image":377,"translation_of":31,"countries":384,"tags":400,"authors":401,"images":402,"translations":403,"content":404},9525,"2022-05-26T22:51:59.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:39.000Z","Boosting inter-agency coordination on anti-corruption and asset recovery in Kenya","Our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) training team was in the Kenyan capital Nairobi last week, delivering a Financial Investigations and Asset Recovery training course to a multi-agency group of officers responsible for anti-corruption and asset recovery.\n\nTwenty-one officials from the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC), the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP), the Assets Recovery Agency (ARA) and the Judiciary took part in the five-day training programme, which involved working together to solve a complex simulated money laundering investigation.\n\nThe [training](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\u002Ftraining-programmes) is part of a newly expanded programme to support Kenya’s multi-agency approach to fighting corruption, funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). The programme, implemented through our new office in Nairobi, builds on and seeks to boost Kenya’s rapidly growing capabilities to investigate and prosecute corruption and recover illicit assets.\n\n### Strengthening every link in the anti-corruption chain\n\nBoth the training workshop and new programme have an important focus on inter-agency coordination in corruption and asset recovery cases.\n\nKenya’s EACC has been a key driver behind many of Kenya’s recent asset recovery successes, and is now widely regarded as one of Africa’s most successful anti-corruption agencies. Officers have recovered around USD 118 million (at current exchange rates) since 2014–2015, with a substantial increase in the last two years. This has allowed the Government to invest over USD 17.5 million in recovered funds to finance the country’s Covid-19 response. The President was able to [inform world leaders](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fpress\u002Fen\u002F2021\u002Fga12329.doc.htm) at the 2021 Special Session of the UN General Assembly Against Corruption of Kenya’s “upsurge in investigations, prosecutions and convictions for corruption”.\n\n### A fruitful collaboration through hands-on mentoring\n\nUK support has been pivotal in the EACC’s increased ability to investigate and prosecute corruption and to recover illicit assets, including through ICAR. Our cooperation with the EACC dates back to 2005, with an expert advisor embedded at the agency since 2014.\n\nThe EACC’s senior leadership recently confirmed that our hands-on mentoring has led to systemic changes and real progress in the EACC’s ability to prosecute corruption and recover the proceeds of corruption. “Financial profiling of suspects and financial investigations have been established as a permanent feature in every intelligence-gathering and investigations work plan”, they said. International cooperation has also seen a major boost, with 45 mutual legal assistance requests made to 20 jurisdictions between 2014 and 2020; evidence received has enabled important corruption cases that had stalled to recommence.\n\n### Training that brings a step change in capacity\n\nIn opening remarks Phillip Kagucia, the EACC's Deputy Director and Head of Asset Recovery, mentioned that he was:\n\n> _\"very fortunate to go through the same training conducted by the ICAR training team in 2012. It is no coincidence that soon after that the quality of investigations improved and, within no time, we began enjoying success in asset recovery. Part of the reason we were ultimately successful as EACC was due to our ability to provide an alternative method of financial analysis (Sources and Application) after the initial method (Bank Deposits) failed to persuade the court. This case crystallised the ingredients for forfeiture of unexplained assets in Kenya and opened the way for law enforcement agencies to recover assets that are the proceeds of corruption and other crimes”._\n\nParticipants commented on how the practical tests and group engagement helped their understanding, with one stating that the _\"following-the-leads exercise changed my mind on how I will be looking at cases.\"_ Another commended the multi-agency approach, stating that _\"it was a good forum to interact with other state agencies.\"_\n\n### Looking forward\n\nIn addition to building on these successful steps forward, the new UK-funded ICAR programme in Kenya seeks to strengthen other elements in the anti-corruption and asset recovery chain that have not received a comparable level of sustained support.\n\nThis includes capacity and coordination with other key agencies, including the ODPP, ARA and judiciary.","2022-03-03",[22],"boosting-inter-agency-coordination-on-anti-corruption-and-asset-recovery-in-kenya-2192",[99],2192,[29],[99],[33],{"id":378,"storage":36,"filename_disk":379,"filename_download":38,"title":367,"type":40,"created_on":380,"modified_on":380,"charset":31,"filesize":381,"width":109,"height":382,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":383,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":380},"9a412240-4c59-48b4-9d64-9259ab8bcc5f","9a412240-4c59-48b4-9d64-9259ab8bcc5f.webp","2025-05-12T21:16:59.000Z",62800,737,{},[385],{"id":386,"news_id":387,"countries_id":399},7268,{"id":364,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":365,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":366,"title":367,"type":93,"body":368,"image":378,"date":369,"topic":388,"slug":371,"activity":389,"nid":373,"topics":390,"activities":391,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":392,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":393,"tags":394,"authors":395,"images":396,"translations":397,"content":398},[22],[99],[29],[99],[33],[386],[],[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":63,"latitude":64,"longitude":65},[],[],[],[],[],{"id":406,"status":14,"date_created":407,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"date":411,"topic":412,"slug":413,"activity":414,"nid":417,"topics":418,"activities":419,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":420,"language":31,"image":421,"translation_of":31,"countries":428,"tags":477,"authors":524,"images":525,"translations":526,"content":527},9544,"2022-05-26T22:52:15.000Z","2026-05-29T22:21:41.000Z","Recovering illicit assets in Sub-Saharan Africa: regional workshop on non-conviction based forfeiture  ","Anti-corruption investigators and prosecutors from Kenya, Sierra Leone and Zambia joined experts from our International Centre for Asset Recovery on 16–18 November to share experiences of non-conviction based forfeiture (NCBF) laws in their countries.\n\nNCBF laws allow courts to confiscate assets of a criminal nature, even where no conviction has been obtained in relation to criminal conduct. They are a powerful complement to other asset recovery mechanisms, especially in cases where a criminal conviction is not possible because the suspect is dead, has fled justice or is immune from prosecution.\n\nDespite the promise and the success of countries in applying NCBF laws, including for example [Kenya's use of its civil illicit enrichment law](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fnews\u002Fcase-study-upholding-unexplained-wealth-judgement-kenyas-anglo-leasing-affair), such mechanisms are not yet widespread or effectively used in many countries.\n\n### Key insights\n\nOver the 2.5-day workshop at the Ocean Beach Resort in Malindi, Kenya, the participants shared positive experiences, challenges and case studies from their own contexts. These included:\n\n*   NCBF laws extend the possibilities to recover illicit assets – including, for example, in cases where it is not possible to prove criminal activity beyond reasonable doubt.\n*   An increased focus on financial investigations and asset tracing will help law enforcement identify more cases with the potential for asset recovery, and make it more likely that NBCF will be used in cases where convictions are not possible.\n*   Using visual methods to convey complex cases will increase their chances of success in court, as will engaging with the judiciary to help develop understanding of NCBF mechanisms. The creation of specialised courts may also be useful.\n*   Public support for NCBF laws is crucial, which requires community outreach and the use of recovered funds in a visibly beneficial way.\n*   Clear and effective systems for asset management can maximise the value of assets throughout proceedings, and reduce liability for the state if the application for forfeiture fails.\n\n### The value of exchange\n\nAs well as learning from one another and from experts of our International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR), which organised the workshop, the participants built valuable relationships that will support future collaboration on NCBF cases and lawmaking.\n\nParticipants agreed that this sort of coordination was vital and can lead to higher amounts being recovered.\n\nOne participant commented:\n\n> We have learned a lot from each other, from how the different laws work and for example how one jurisdiction manages recovered assets with a dedicated asset management unit.\n> \n> Thanks to this exchange of information, we will be able to enhance our possibilities to recover illicit assets through non-conviction based means, in the civil courts.\n\nAnother emphasised that:\n\n> We believe that non-conviction based forfeiture laws are a really significant way to fight corruption. There is the deterrent factor, which is huge. It also deprives the person from benefiting from the proceeds of crime.\n> \n> Recovering assets in this way helps to make corruption not just expensive – through fines and sanctions – but also unprofitable, because we get back the money that was stolen.\n\n### About the workshop\n\nThe regional workshop is part of an ambitious project to help increase the capacity of countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa to recover stolen assets through effective, appropriate NCBF legislation. Ten partner countries are involved in the two-year project, which is funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) of the US Department of State.\n\n13 practitioners attended the workshop, from Kenya's Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, the Sierra Leone Anti-Corruption Commission and the Zambian Anti-Corruption Commission.\n\n### Learn more\n\n*   Our free eLearning courses offer the chance to learn and practise many of the skills that participants noted were crucial to successful application of NCBF laws. The self-paced courses cover topics such as financial analysis, asset tracing, and creating visual graphs of cases and flows of money. [Visit Basel LEARN](https:\u002F\u002Flearn.baselgovernance.org\u002F).\n*   To help increase understanding of illicit enrichment \u002F unexplained wealth mechanisms for asset recovery, we recently developed and published an open-access book [_Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth_](https:\u002F\u002Fillicitenrichment.baselgovernance.org\u002F). Andrew Dornbierer, Asset Recovery Specialist and author of the book, was also present at the workshop.\n*   Asset management is an integral part of the asset recovery process. This [blog post covers asset management](https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fblog\u002Fmanaging-seized-and-frozen-assets-what-are-international-norms) in brief, with a focus on international norms.","2021-11-30",[22],"recovering-illicit-assets-in-sub-saharan-africa-regional-workshop-on-non-conviction-based-forfeiture-2140",[415,416],"Partnerships","International cooperation",2140,[29],[415,416],[33],{"id":422,"storage":36,"filename_disk":423,"filename_download":38,"title":409,"type":40,"created_on":424,"modified_on":424,"charset":31,"filesize":425,"width":109,"height":426,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":427,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":424},"7547f6e1-7a7f-4672-b255-a97489d09c1a","7547f6e1-7a7f-4672-b255-a97489d09c1a.webp","2025-05-12T21:17:19.000Z",81698,726,{},[429,449,463],{"id":430,"news_id":431,"countries_id":448},7275,{"id":406,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":407,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"image":422,"date":411,"topic":432,"slug":413,"activity":433,"nid":417,"topics":434,"activities":435,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":436,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":437,"tags":440,"authors":444,"images":445,"translations":446,"content":447},[22],[415,416],[29],[415,416],[33],[430,438,439],7276,7277,[441,442,443],5771,5772,5773,[],[],[],[],{"id":6,"name":4,"code":63,"latitude":64,"longitude":65},{"id":438,"news_id":450,"countries_id":462},{"id":406,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":407,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"image":422,"date":411,"topic":451,"slug":413,"activity":452,"nid":417,"topics":453,"activities":454,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":455,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":456,"tags":457,"authors":458,"images":459,"translations":460,"content":461},[22],[415,416],[29],[415,416],[33],[430,438,439],[441,442,443],[],[],[],[],{"id":145,"name":146,"code":147,"latitude":148,"longitude":149},{"id":439,"news_id":464,"countries_id":476},{"id":406,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":407,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"image":422,"date":411,"topic":465,"slug":413,"activity":466,"nid":417,"topics":467,"activities":468,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":469,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":470,"tags":471,"authors":472,"images":473,"translations":474,"content":475},[22],[415,416],[29],[415,416],[33],[430,438,439],[441,442,443],[],[],[],[],{"id":164,"name":165,"code":166,"latitude":167,"longitude":168},[478,492,508],{"id":441,"news_id":479,"tags_id":491},{"id":406,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":407,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"image":422,"date":411,"topic":480,"slug":413,"activity":481,"nid":417,"topics":482,"activities":483,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":484,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":485,"tags":486,"authors":487,"images":488,"translations":489,"content":490},[22],[415,416],[29],[415,416],[33],[430,438,439],[441,442,443],[],[],[],[],{"id":184,"name":185},{"id":442,"news_id":493,"tags_id":505},{"id":406,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":407,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"image":422,"date":411,"topic":494,"slug":413,"activity":495,"nid":417,"topics":496,"activities":497,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":498,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":499,"tags":500,"authors":501,"images":502,"translations":503,"content":504},[22],[415,416],[29],[415,416],[33],[430,438,439],[441,442,443],[],[],[],[],{"id":506,"name":507},1215,"Illicit financial flows",{"id":443,"news_id":509,"tags_id":521},{"id":406,"status":14,"user_created":48,"date_created":407,"user_updated":49,"date_updated":408,"title":409,"type":93,"body":410,"image":422,"date":411,"topic":510,"slug":413,"activity":511,"nid":417,"topics":512,"activities":513,"programme":31,"area":31,"websites":514,"translation_of":31,"language":31,"countries":515,"tags":516,"authors":517,"images":518,"translations":519,"content":520},[22],[415,416],[29],[415,416],[33],[430,438,439],[441,442,443],[],[],[],[],{"id":522,"name":523},821,"Unexplained wealth",[],[],[],[],29,{"items":530,"total":1532},[531,657,1080,1204,1345],{"id":532,"status":14,"sort":31,"date_created":533,"date_updated":534,"nid":535,"slug":536,"title":537,"body":538,"citation":539,"language":540,"year":541,"publisher":542,"date_published":543,"external":544,"topic":545,"link_internal":546,"link_external":550,"featured":544,"topics":551,"languages":31,"type":552,"area":31,"programme":31,"websites":31,"summary":31,"pdf_text":31,"main_points":554,"short_version":31,"subtitle":31,"image":555,"countries":565,"tags":620,"pdf":635,"authors":656},2427,"2025-11-18T17:05:42.000Z","2026-06-02T14:08:56.000Z",2870,"cs-11","International cooperation in the Migori County corruption case","This Case Study describes how Kenya obtained crucial overseas intelligence in a corruption case through the International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre, leading to the recovery of USD 1.8 million in assets for the Kenyan people.\n\n### About this Case Study\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies\">ISSN 2813-3900\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nIt is a publication of the International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR) at the Basel Institute on Governance. ICAR receives core funding from the Governments of Jersey, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the UK.\n\nWhile we have made reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of information provided in this Case Study, neither the authors nor the Basel Institute’s donors and partners assume any responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions.","Basel Institute on Governance, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (Kenya) and International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre. 2025. “International cooperation in the Migori County corruption case.” Case Study 11, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-11\">baselgovernance.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fcs-11\u003C\u002Fa>","English",2025,"Basel Institute on Governance, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (Kenya) and International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre","2025-11-18",false,[22],[547],{"url":548,"caption":549},"\u002Fresources\u002Fpublications?type=Case%20Study"," View all Case Studies",[],[29],[553],"Case Study","- Kenya’s Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) established that between 2013 and 2017, around KES 2 billion (USD 15.5 million) was embezzled from the County Government of Migori in southwest Kenya through unlawful and irregular procurement contracts. The money was spent on property, high-end vehicles and university tuition fees for the former County Governor’s children.\n- Through the International Anti-Corruption Coordination Centre (IACCC), the EACC obtained crucial intelligence on the suspect’s assets, travels and purchases in several jurisdictions.\n- This enabled the EACC to prepare and submit precise mutual legal assistance requests, with the assistance of a mentor from the Basel Institute’s International Centre for Asset Recovery (ICAR).\n- The end result was timely evidence collection and an out-of-court settlement worth KES 235.6 million (USD 1.8 million) in property and vehicles. The assets will be liquidated and ultimately returned to the Kenyan treasury.\n- The case highlights the value of the IACCC as a mechanism for efficient and coordinated international cooperation in grand corruption investigations, and the benefits of ICAR’s case-based technical assistance in complex, cross-border corruption cases.",{"id":556,"storage":36,"filename_disk":557,"filename_download":558,"title":559,"type":560,"created_on":533,"modified_on":533,"charset":31,"filesize":561,"width":562,"height":563,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":564,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":533},"b444532c-4291-4a7f-a981-5d08183eb628","b444532c-4291-4a7f-a981-5d08183eb628.jpg?itok=dPf9Eyx-","Pages-from-CaseStudy11.jpg?itok=dPf9Eyx-","Case Study 11 cover 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It is designed to help government institutions, in particular national anti-corruption agencies, engage with the private sector more effectively to prevent corruption.\n\nThe document highlights good practices identified through interviews, desk research and a 2021 Southern African Development Community (SADC) training on “Emerging anti-corruption issues and private-sector engagement for SADC anti-corruption agencies”.\n\nAfrica offers many examples of innovative, unique and context-sensitive approaches to engage the private sector in anti-corruption efforts. Ghana’s National Anti-Corruption Action Plan, for instance, offers an award scheme and is looking into providing tax benefits to companies that enforce anti-corruption measures and demonstrate leadership in the fight against corruption. Other agencies and governments in the region, such as Morocco, are currently discussing implementing a reward system for compliant companies that can be considered when companies bid for public tenders.\n\nThese examples demonstrate how African governments proactively seek to tackle corruption and collaborate with the private sector.\n\nFrom the initiatives captured, three common strategic approaches can be identified to underpin effective and impactful engagement:\n\n\n- **Raising awareness,** guiding and working with the private sector to more effectively address corruption risks.\n- **Identifying and providing incentives** to companies investing in their compliance programmes.\n- **Demonstrating leadership** by actively participating in Collective Action and public-private partnerships.\n\n\nThis document is a follow-up of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002Fexplore\u002Fpublications\u002F2199\">practical global guide\u003C\u002Fa> published in July 2022 and was produced with the support of the Siemens Integrity Initiative.\n\nIt is freely shareable under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence. Please credit the Basel Institute on Governance.","",2024,"Basel Institute on Governance","2024-11-06",[670,671,672],"Collective Action","HLRM","Integrity Pacts",[],[675],{"url":676,"caption":677},"https:\u002F\u002Fcollective-action.com\u002F"," Learn more about Collective Action",[670,671,672],[540],[681,682],"Guidelines","Report",{"id":684,"storage":36,"filename_disk":685,"filename_download":686,"title":687,"type":688,"created_on":689,"modified_on":689,"charset":31,"filesize":690,"width":691,"height":692,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":693,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":689},"4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd","4e5c3e4d-e346-47c7-ae6c-6516f36c0abd.png","Screenshot 2024-11-06 at 12.03.36.png","Screenshot 2024 11 06 at 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deals.\n\nThe case involves Jimmy Kiamba, the former Chief Finance Officer of Nairobi County in Kenya, who conspired with three others to defraud the county government by authorising payments for phantom office equipment. Following a financial investigation and civil proceedings under Kenya’s Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act (2003), Kiamba was ordered to forfeit around USD 3 million in assets to the state. A subsequent criminal case based on the same underlying facts and investigation ultimately led to his conviction in 2022.\n\nThe case demonstrates how a “belt and braces” approach – applying both civil and criminal proceedings – can help anti-corruption agencies to confiscate the proceeds of corruption relatively quickly, even if the criminal case drags on or fails to reach the stricter standard of proof. It also highlights the impact of providing hands-on mentoring to investigators during real ongoing cases and over an extended period of time.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies\">ISSN 2813-3900\u003C\u002Fa>. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa> licence.\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery. Many such cases are drawn from partner countries of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nSuggested citation: Marsh, Simon. 2022. “The Kiamba case: achieving a civil asset forfeiture order and criminal prosecution.\" *Case Study* 9, Basel Institute on Governance. 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Study 8: Windward Trading: Charging a shelf company with money laundering and returning confiscated funds to Kenyan citizens","This case study describes how authorities in Kenya and Jersey worked together to unlock progress in a long-running case involving around USD 3.7 million in corruptly acquired funds.\n\nThe money was held in the bank account of the shelf company Windward Trading, which was used to channel corrupt payments relating to power generation in Kenya.\n\nThe money had been seized in Jersey since 2011 following a money laundering investigation and subsequent criminal proceedings. Kenyan Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) reasonable grounds to suspect the funds were proceeds of corruption. But the case had stalled due to issues with extraditing the two suspects to Jersey to stand trial.\n\nProactive informal cooperation was key to building trust between the parties. This helped to break the deadlock, find legal solutions to recover the funds and agree their safe return for the benefit of Kenyan citizens.\n\nThe parties mutually agreed that the recovered assets should be used for medical equipment and pandemic relief in Kenya. Crown agents and Amref Health Africa are responsible for disbursing and safeguarding the funds.\n\nA framework agreement signed by the Governments of Kenya, Jersey, Switzerland and the UK was used as a basis for negotiations on the return of the funds.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-nc-nd\u002F4.0\u002F\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003C\u002Fa>).\n\nThe Case Study series offers practitioners insights into interesting and precedent-setting cases involving corruption and asset recovery. Many such cases are drawn from partner countries of the Basel Institute's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbaselgovernance.org\u002Fasset-recovery\">International Centre for Asset Recovery\u003C\u002Fa>.\n\nSuggested citation: Marsh, Simon. 2022. “Windward Trading: Charging a shelf company with money laundering and returning confiscated funds to Kenyan citizens.\" *Case Study* 8, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org\u002Fcase-studies.","2022-09-09",[22],[1215],{"url":548,"caption":549},[],[29],[540],[553],{"id":1221,"storage":36,"filename_disk":1222,"filename_download":1223,"title":1224,"type":560,"created_on":1206,"modified_on":1206,"charset":31,"filesize":1225,"width":562,"height":563,"duration":31,"embed":31,"description":31,"location":31,"tags":31,"metadata":1226,"focal_point_x":31,"focal_point_y":31,"tus_id":31,"tus_data":31,"uploaded_on":1206},"9f88325a-0128-4182-a6c9-e5ffc72165ab","9f88325a-0128-4182-a6c9-e5ffc72165ab.jpg?itok=mShRb53R","Pages-from-220909-Case-Study-08.jpg?itok=mShRb53R","Cover page of case study 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Study 7: Upholding an unexplained wealth judgement in Kenya’s Anglo Leasing affair","This case study describes how Kenya’s civil illicit enrichment legislation enabled the recovery of corruptly acquired assets from a former Chief Accountant at the Treasury.\n\nIt examines a 2021 unexplained wealth (illicit enrichment) case in Kenya involving the former Chief Accountant Patrick Ochieno Abachi. The case is related to Kenya’s so-called Anglo Leasing scandal, in which 18 high-value government security contracts were allegedly awarded to fictitious companies in the early 2000s.\n\nIt illustrates one set of circumstances in which civil unexplained wealth (or civil illicit enrichment) legislation can be an extremely useful tool to target assets stolen through corruption.\n\nThe series of judgments has provided some valuable insights into Kenya’s law targeting unexplained assets, specifically:\n\n\n- its key features and how they are applied;\n- the evidentiary importance of asset declaration forms;\n- how to prove assets are “unexplained” through financial analysis of a suspect’s income and assets;\n- common legal challenges to illicit enrichment.\n\n\nFor this case study, Phillip Kagucia of Kenya’s Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) spoke to Andrew Dornbierer, Senior Asset Recovery Specialist and author of the Basel Institute’s open-access book Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth.\n\n### Open-access licence and acknowledgements\n\nThis publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Case Study series. It is licensed for sharing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).\n\nSuggested citation: Solórzano, Oscar. 2022. “The Russian arms dealer case.” *Case Study* 4, Basel Institute on Governance. 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